فهرست مطالب ghazal marvastinia

This study compared team and individual motor activity games on the development of social skills and executive functioning of students.

This quasi-experimental study used a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the research consisted of all male students (256 subjects) of primary school in municipal Zone 4 of Tehran. The sample in the present study was estimated to be 30 students in 3 groups using G*POWER to achieve a test power of 0.8 and an effect size of 0.80. Cluster sampling method was used to select students. In the first stage, 5 schools, 1 class from each school, and 6 students from each class were randomly selected as samples. They were randomly and equally divided into 3 groups of team games, individual games, and the control group. The Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters-II (1983) was used to measure social skills, and The Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale—Children and Adolescents (BDEFS-CA) (2012) was used for executive functioning. In the present study, the designed experiment consisted of sixteen 60-min sessions (2 sessions per week); two types of experimental protocols including individual games and team games and also control conditions were used. Individual exercises included ten male students wherein each student performed the exercises with a coach. Team exercises included ten male students in the form of two teams who performed exercises as various activities and games.

By examining the results of difference in the means of the two intervention groups (team and individual exercises) and control group, it was found that in the sub-components of appropriate social skills, aggressiveness, and impulsive behaviors, the individual exercises group was more effective compared to the team exercises group (P<0.05). In the sub-components of non-social behaviors, superiority, high self-confidence, relationship with peers, and total social skills, the team exercises group was more effective compared to the individual exercises group (P<0.05). Besides, by examining the results of the difference in the means of the two intervention groups (team and individual exercises) and control group, it was found that the individual exercises group was more effective in the sub-components of self-organization, problem-solving, and self-motivation compared to the team exercises group (P<0.001). Yet, in the sub-component of self-management of time, self-control/inhibition, self-motivation, and total executive functioning, the team exercises group was more effective compared to the individual exercises group (P<0.001).

Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that both team and individual exercises lead to the promotion of social skills and executive functioning in students. Moreover, compared to individual exercises, team exercises are superior in enhancing students’ social skills and executive functioning.

The outbreak of COVID-19 caused a global concern and changes in people’s lifestyles as well as mood disorders such as anger, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The purpose of this study is to investigate the depression of women at reproductive age during the spread of COVID-19.

The search was conducted in Ovid, Scopus, Science Direct, Scientific Information Database (SID), PubMed and MagIran databases using keywords depression, women, reproductive age, COVID-19, the related studies published from 1995 to 2019 in English or Persian were selected. Data were collected by reviewing the full texts of related articles.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the mental health and increasing the risk of depression in women. In the general population, the prevalence of depression is higher in women than in men. This difference is related to psychological, social and biological factors. Changes in gonadal hormones and the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis during menstruation, pregnancy and childbirth, breastfeeding and menopause play a key role in women’s depression.

Postmenopausal women are at risk of numerous short-term and long-term complications due to depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is necessary to investigate the quality of life (QoL) of menopausal women and the prevalence of depression in them and provide them with group education through mass media to improve their QoL and adaption to the changes caused by COVID-19.

One of the most common cardiovascular diseases is coronary heart disease. Key issues facing cardiovascular patients are their psychological problems and perceived stress. Stressful situations lower self-efficacy and increase dependence on others, including family members. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a family-centered empowerment program on self-efficacy and stress perceptions in acute coronary syndrome patients at Yazd Social Security Hospital. This education-oriented and semi-experimental study was conducted on patients with acute coronary syndrome referred to Yazd Shohadaye Kargar Hospital in 2018-2019. Eighty-four patients with acute coronary syndrome who were eligible to participate in the study were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups by random assignment software. The experimental group underwent individual self-efficacy sessions and stress perception training in the presence of active family members, followed up by telephone, and held four group sessions every two weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in pre-intervention self-efficacy mean scores between the experimental and control groups, but self-efficacy mean scores in the experimental group were higher immediately after the intervention and after two months interval than in the control group (p <0.001). Also, there was no statistically significant difference between the perceived stress mean scores before the intervention in the experimental and control groups. But immediately after the intervention, the perceived stress mean score in the experimental group appeared to be higher than the control group (p <0.001). Implementing a family-centered empowerment program can improve self-efficacy and reduce perceived stress in patients with acute coronary syndrome, lasting up to two months after the intervention. This affordable and low-cost intervention can thus be used to improve the health of acute coronary heart disease patients.

Hospital infections are one of the most common health problems which can be controled by education. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of two e-learning methods (problem solving and examination of question) on awareness; Attitude and performance of Islamic Azad University–Maybod branch nursing and midwifery students regarding hospital infection control in 2022.

The current study was a semi experimental in which 36 Islamic Azad University–Maybod branch nursing and midwifery students were randomly Probability Proportional to Size assigned to intervention(problem solving, examination question) and control groups (N=12) based on the entry and exit criteria using probability proportional to size method.  Education based on hospital infections booklet was assigned. Before and after the intervention, students’ knowledge, attitude and performance scores were evaluated using a standared questionnaire (alpha=0/82). The distribution of quantitative variables was done using the Kolmograph Smirnov test and parametric statistical tests (t_test/pair t_test/one way anova t test) considering the significance level of 0.05.

Comparing the scores of awareness (p=0.993), attitude (p=0.997) and performance (p=0.998) in the intervention groups; there is no significant difference and it means the same effect of two educational methods. Teaching two methods of problem solving – question and answer has no effect on improving students’ short-term attitude (p=0.172) and improving long-term performance scores (p=0.075). The effect of education in the two ways mentioned on improving awareness; Long-term attitude and short-term performance were significant (p<0.05).

e-learning in two ways of problem solving-examination question in increasing the average scores of knowledge; Attitude and performance have been equally effective.