فهرست مطالب ghodratollah zarouni

Jalil Safarbeigi’s use of ‘satire’ and ‘argot’, has given quatrains an explicit and attractive appearance. Interweaving satire and argot, coupled with the ambiguity of poetic language, has made Safarbeigi’s quatrains somewhat superior to common language. Simplicity is another advantage of Safarbeigi’s poetry. He uses the most tangible meanings and human experiences in his poetry. When reading his quatrains, the reader understands what is in his mind without much effort. Also, his chosen themes for his poetry make his quatrains prominent and special. These themes include scenes from the real life of the poet, the romance of a tribesman, short but efficient presence of different types of modern people, recreation of the concept of ‘calendar’ and passing of time, and complaints of the poet for having lost all hope to solve the problems. Safarbeigi is also known for breaking the norms, using playful language, and having occasional hints to history, culture and stories. In this research, using an analytical-critical method, we attempt to study the principle of "communication" in Safarbeigi's Rubaiyat to investigate and analyze the two elements of "satire" and "argot", in order to provide a model for analysis of the poetry of those poets who have not been in the center of critical attention so far.

There have been many discussions about the origins of the story of Weiss and Ramin for a long time. Some researchers do not believe that this story belongs to a specific time and place and refer to it as "fictional". Others have given it a historical identity and attributed its origin to the Sassanid, Parthian, or other historical periods. Based on Minorski's research, the attribution of this story to the Parthian era is more likely than other periods. In the current research, an attempt has been made to present new evidence and references about the Parthian origin of the story by analyzing historical and literary sources from a new perspective, in addition to Minoruski’s evidence. Furthermore, more evidence has been provided in support of some of his views. The method used in this research is to avoid generalization and try to get clear details related to the Parthian origins of the story. First, the background, various hypotheses, and theories about the origins of this story are mentioned; then, by studying the history and sources related to the Parthian era, it is shown that the events of this era are reflected in Weiss and Ramin. In this regard, new evidence from the Parthian period in connection with the geographical territory, narrative, epic and oral traditions, rituals, entertainment and games, the importance of horses, riding and shooting, the structure of the army, and the like are examined and analyzed.

One of the important characteristics of the excellence of a poem is having cultural supports, which itself consists of different subcategories. One of these subcategories is "Folk Beliefs" which every poet uses according to his studies in popular culture and communication with society. Folk beliefs are a set of beliefs, behaviors and actions. Despite the fact that in some cases, they do not have a scientific basis, they have always been the focus of people's attention. Our main goal in this research is to investigate the way of using folk beliefs and their functions in new sonnets. Also, we tried to categorize and analyze the beliefs used in the sonnet of this era using the analytical-critical method; in this way, we can reach the extent of the use of folk beliefs by the poets of new sonnet and show the role and function of these beliefs in their forms (the main representative of the emotional and romantic field of contemporary poetry). The findings of this research showed that the discussed poets have passed the folk beliefs from their lyrical mentality and have mainly used these beliefs in the service of poetry in order to have a more romantic effect on the audience in addition to the cultural richness of their poetry. Of course, the function of these beliefs in new sonnet is not only limited to poetry; rather, they have been used in the field of political, social, philosophical, etc. issues among others.

Theosphy and Mysticism are the concepts that from the very bigining the establishment of Islamic society were spread among people. Over the time and with spreadance of these phenomena, different groups of Sufi appeared, and each of which propagated its idea. But as the evidence shows the spreadance of Sufism has been down by Sunnite and they had an important role in spredance of Sufism. The Relation between mystism and Shi'ism has encountered many ups and downs during the history, and it had pros and opponents.Alpha have The matter and the relation between Sufism and Shi'ism, many studies have been done with extremes. The purpose of the study is to investigate the similarities and differences between Sufism and Shi'ism. Accordingly at first, the issues wich show the relation and unity between Sufism and Shi'ism and the different views making them closer, are categorised and explained. Then the issues which show their seperation are investigated.