فهرست مطالب gholam

human happiness in different dimensions is based on the specific factors, which is set in the universe. since Islam seeks to provide all-round human happiness in both the physical and the spiritual dimensions, it has introduced the basic criteria and factors for this path. using a descriptive-analytical approach this paper studies the supernatural factors of economic progress from the viewpoint of the holy Qur’an. These factors can be divided into two categories, the internal and external ones. Internal factors include faith, righteous deeds, piety, commitment to religious beliefs, patience, gratitude, forgiveness, charity, remembrance, reliance, and prayer, and the external factors include the divine will in provision.

Assessment is no longer taken as a means of grading learners’ learning, rather it is a means of enhancing learning provided that an appropriate alternative can conducted. Among various alternative to assessment, formative assessment can be a platform for rendering various types of feedback to facilitate and enhance learning. To verify this acclaimed conjecture, ninety Iranian male EFL learners divided into two experimental and one control groups that the former two groups received two different types of feedback namely assessment-based metalinguistic feedback, and assessment-based explicit correction, while the control group received conventional instruction in a conversation course, respectively. One-way ANOVA and multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA) of the collected data revealed outperformance by the metalinguistic feedback group over the control one, while the control group outperformed those who received explicit correction feedback. Along with the statistical data, monitoring the trend of classroom atmosphere revealed effectiveness of assessment-based intervention, though the room is suggested to be open for further investigation.

One of the most well-known multimodality techniques is the integration of EEG and fMRI datasets. Convolution of EEG signals with hemodynamic response function is one of the most important methods to consider the effect of HRF in the fusion of EEG and fMRI data. However, the latencies and amplitudes of ERPs and fMRI spatial components are affected by the low pass filtering effect of HRF in each trial. In this paper, we have proposed a new method based on Advanced Coupled Matrix Tensor Factorization model to jointly factorize the EEG tensor and fMRI matrix while we simultaneously remove the effect of HRF through decomposition of fMRI dataset. Applying the proposed method to an auditory oddball paradigm of simultaneous EEG-fMRI recording, the well-known ERP of oddball paradigm and the corresponding fMRI spatial maps are estimated. The results demonstrate that our proposed approach is strongly capable of extracting the ERPs and their corresponding fMRI spatial components, while simultaneously estimates the trial to trial variations of these factors with accurate amplitude and latency in each trial.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of educational program of intra-family relationships on the marital satisfaction of mothers and the resiliency of sisters of children with autism spectrum disorder.

This research was quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and follow up design. The statistical population of this research included mothers and sisters of autistic children, living in Tehran in 2018. From among this population, 24 individuals were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups; experiment (12 people) and control (12 people). Both groups answered the pre-test and then experiment group received the educational program of intra-family relationships in 9 sessions. The tools of the present study were Afrooz Marital Satisfaction Scale (2010) and Connor & Davidson Resiliency Scale (2003). The obtained data were analyzed using repeated measurements of analysis of covariance with SPSS.

The results showed that educational program of intra-family relationships was effective on the marital satisfaction and the resiliency variables and the effect of this change was stable in the follow up (P<0/05).

According to the finding of the present study, it can be concluded that the educational program of intra-family relationships can increase the marital satisfaction of mothers and the resiliency of sisters of children with autism spectrum disorder.

There are a lot of hadiths regarding the life and teachings of Jesus in the Shiite hadith collections. A large number of those hadiths deals with a comparison between the life and personality of the Shiite Imams and those of Jesus Christ. This comparison is sometimes a general one, just like a comparison of the Prophet Muhammad’s successors and those of Jesus, and sometimes is a specific one, like comparison between Imam Hussein’s personality and that of Jesus. These hadiths show, on the one hand, the pious look of the Shiite Imams to Jesus and his teachings and, on the other hand, asserts that Jesus believes – from the eternity – in the Welaya (authority) of the Shiite Imams. This similarity is such that the reader feels, on the one hand, that Jesus was just like a Shiite Imam and, on the other hand, that each of the Shiite Imams was an independent Messiah. Investigation of those hadiths assists us in a better understanding of Jesus’ life and personality as well as the Shiite Imams’ life and personality, and prepares the ground for a close relationship between Islam and Christianity. It also recalls the fact that the Prophets and the divine saints were spiritual brothers with no conflict with one another; thus, the believers must interact with them in a brotherly manner.

Curricular knowledge, as one of the key components of teacher knowledge base, has received scant attention in second language teacher education. To address this gap, this study was conducted to explore the curricular knowledge base of Iranian English language teachers. Data were collected using a questionnaire developed based on the components of curricular knowledge mentioned in Roberts'' (1998) model. Results showed that the teachers possessed an appropriate knowledge of a few components of curricular knowledge, including their awareness of materials suitability and structures of the lessons, their ability to judge the content of the materials or to translate the instructions in teachers'' manuals into practical activities, and their ability to teach English as a Foreign Language textbooks. However, they showed a less developed knowledge base on half of the components of the curricular knowledge which comprised, inter alia, their cognizance of the content of the exams, cultural aspects of the textbooks, and learner-cantered activities. These findings imply that measures should be taken to help teachers fill the existing gaps in their curricular knowledge through teacher education courses.

The injuries in osteoarthritis are mediated by various cytokines, growth factors, and inflammatory factors and the importance of the interleukin 17 family in this disease is increasingly evident. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between interleukin 17F rs763780 gene variation and the risk of knee osteoarthritis. In this case-control study, 200 participants including 100 healthy individuals and 100 patients with knee osteoarthritis referred to Shahid Beheshti hospital were enrolled. The blood samples of the participants were collected and genotypes of the samples in the polymorphic region were detected by PCR-RFLP. Results showed that there was a significant association between the genotype AG and an increased risk of knee osteoarthritis (OR=3.49, 95%CI=1.48-8.25, P<0.01). But, no significant association was found between the genotype GG and an increased risk of knee osteoarthritis. In addition, there was a significant association between the allele G and the risk of knee osteoarthritis (OR=2.97, 95% CI=1.39-6.30, P<0.01). Findings of the present study show that rs763780 can be a risk factor for knee osteoarthritis. Therefore, this polymorphism can be considered as a possible biomarker for the screening of susceptible individuals to knee osteoarthritis

Urmia Lake, as a hyper saline and very shallow lake, located in the northwest of Iran, has had reduced water level of about 40 centimeters each year over the past two decades and is drying, which this problem has led to social and environmental consequences. In this research, the indexes of environmental and agricultural sustainability were evaluated using performance criteria influenced by climate change and water management strategies for the Zerrinehrud and Siminehrud river basins as the largest sub-basin of Urmia Lake Basin. Modeling of hydrologic behavior of these basins was performed by WEAP21 model. The LARS-WG downscaling model was used to simulate climate change.Then the model was analyzed for three future emission scenarios (A2, A1B and B1), for the period 2015-2040, and five water management scenarios: (1) keeping the existing situation (S0), (2) crop pattern change (S1), (3) improving the conveyance and distribution efficiency (S2), (4) combining the improvement of conveyance and distribution efficiency with improving the application efficiency using modern technology (S3), and (5) the combination of crop pattern change with the improvement of total irrigation efficiency (S4). The results showed that the highest values of indices ​​of environmental sustainability and agricultural sustainability were related to the scenario of combining the crop pattern change with improving the total irrigation efficiency under the B1 emission scenario (B1S4). In this scenario, the average annual flow of water entering the Urmia Lake from Zarrinehrud and Siminehrud river basins will be equal to 1292 and 351 MCM per year, and as a result, the environmental flow requirements of the lake will be supplied from these basins.

Science needs proper context for development and at the same time actual need is a main factor. However, it also needs democracy and dynamism in the society. Another factor is the possibility of exchange between different traditions. The author describes such factors in details and gives concrete examples of the influence of these factors in the development of scientific flourishment and examples of scientific decline in absence of proper conditions.

After globalization in the field of European arts and literature, modernism became the source of fiction in Iran and the Iranian writers tested modernist writing. Meanwhile, some of the writers of the holy defense also gradually turned to modern writing techniques by completing the documentary record of war events and the structure of realist novels. The result of this approach is the manifestation of fictional devices in the sacred defense novels and the liberation of these works from the usual practices of realist stories. Reza Amirkhani, in his novel Man-e ou and Majid Gheisari in the book of Bagh-e-Talo, with some of the modernist implications (lack of linearity of narrative time, angular change of sight, complexity and negligence of personality, subjective and limited time and space, the representation of the inner reality, the author's absence in the text, loneliness and technical uncertainty) are on the path to modern fiction literature. The authors of this paper will assess how to apply the new methods of modern fiction writing in these works. The most important assumptions of the present research emphasize the fact that the authors of these novels have attempted to reflect some of the modernist elements in their works based on the mechanisms of modern novels.

Due to unique properties, composite cylindrical shells are used extensively in aviation, marine and automotive industry. In recent decades, several studies have been done to predict the critical buckling load of composite cylindrical shells without breakdown or failure. One of the most important non-destructive methods is Vibration Correlation Technique (VCT). The aim of this research is the prediction of the critical buckling load of composite cylindrical shells by using VCT. For this purpose, linear and nonlinear vibration analysis of composite cylindrical shells were performed in different compressive loads by using finite element software ABAQUS, firstly. In the next step, linear buckling critical load was determined by using Rayle-Ritz and numerical methods. Then, non-linear critical buckling load of composite cylindrical shells was predicted by using VCT. To validate the results of VCT, five composite cylindrical shells were fabricated by using filament winding method with same conditions and axial compression test was done. Finally, the critical buckling load was measured experimentally. The results show that the difference between the critical buckling load of VCT with experimental buckling load is less than 3%. This subject implies that VCT is suitble for prediction of critical buckling load of composite cylindrical shells with very high accuracy.

The increasing demand for lifelong learners and reflective practitioners has re-‎conceptualized the ‎connection between assessment and learning to the extent ‎that alternative assessment methods (i.e., self-, ‎peer and teacher-assessment, etc.) ‎have emerged. However, their incorporation into various language ‎skills might ‎bring about certain consequences. Among them, the writing skill is often ‎perceived as unique in ‎its nature in terms of both teaching practices and ‎assessment modalities. In a bid to exercise a Learner-‎Oriented Assessment ‎‎(LOA) practice, the present study was designed to comparatively implement ‎self-, ‎peer-, and teacher-assessments in a writing course, and explore the ‎experiences and perceptions of the ‎learners towards the three assessment ‎alternatives. Pertinent statistical analyses revealed significant ‎differences among ‎them such that higher proficiency level learners evaluated their writings more ‎‎realistically, while lower proficiency level over estimated their abilities. ‎Moreover, most of them had ‎positive attitudes towards this novel assessment ‎experience, holding that LOA could scaffold them in ‎gaining a lot and arousing ‎their awareness of their weaknesses and strengths.‎

This study investigated the effectiveness of reactive incidental focus on form (FonF) for each learner with regard to different linguistic categories in meaning-oriented EFL classes. To this end, 30 hr of meaningful interactions of upper-intermediate EFL learners were audio-recorded in 2 free discussion classes. Instances of reactive incidental focus-on-form episodes (FFEs), where teachers offer on-the-spot corrective feedback to their learners’ linguistic mistakes, were extracted from the data. Furthermore, individualized tailor-made posttests were designed out of self-reported novel FFEs per learner. Results of learner-customized immediate and delayed posttests indicated that this type of instruction led to a substantial improvement in learning the focused language points. Achievement rates were found to be high in both test administrations. This efficacy was, however, more noticeable with regard to grammatical and phonological FFEs. Results reveal that reactive incidental FonF could enhance explicit knowledge of L2 learners both in the immediate context based on uptake rate and in the long run, as the findings from the immediate and delayed posttests demonstrated.

  One of the general categories for discretization of equations and creation of computational geometry in the numerical methods is mesh-based and mesh-free methods. Previously, mesh-based methods have been a useful tool for flow modeling. However, these methods have some limitations for modeling of free surface flows, changeable boundaries and complicated geometry. In recent years, new generation of computational fluid dynamics methods named mesh-free methods has been introduced which one of them is smoothed particle hydrodynamics method. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics method is a fully Lagrangian method which solves the computational domain without using meshes. In this method, the integral expression is used for the approximation of functions, and smoothed functions have a key role in integral approximations. In the present study, the Incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method has been utilized for modeling of the dam break waves. In order to validation of the computational results, the reports of two experiments of dam break problem have been used. For the numerical modeling, the cubic spline function and initial distance between particles of 0.003 m, 0.004 m, 0.006 m & 0.008 m have been used, and the sensitivity analysis has been done on the effect of the initial distance between particles. Also, the effects of quantic spline smoothed function and beta smoothed function on results of modeling for two experimental data with the initial distance between particles of 0.006 m have been performed to reduce the computational costs. After reviewing the results of the modeling and comparison of the mean relative error related to each of smoothed functions were found that the most accurate results are related to the cubic spline smoothing function. In order to investigate the influence of the initial distance between particles in the modeling, a comparison was made between the results of the numerical model for various distances of 0.003 m, 0.004 m, 0.006 m, and 0.008 m for two experimental dam break tests for the superior cubic spline smoothed function. The results demonstrated that the ability of the numerical model has been enhanced by reducing the initial distance between the particles (increase the number of particles) in which applying the initial distance of 0.003 m would improve the results of the wave front by 43.5% and water level oscillation by 93.7% compared to the initial distance of 0.008 m. Keywords: Free-surface flows, Dam break, Numerical modeling, Incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method

Plant nutrition various methods, are the most important factor which positively affects the plant growth and crop productivity. In order to evaluate effects of different levels of animal and chemical fertilizers on quality and quantity characteristics of Garlic in Hamadan climatic conditions, an experiment was conducted in the growing seasons of successive years of 2011- 2012 at the agronomical farms of Hamadan. The experiment was performed as split plot layout based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor was the four levels of animal fertilizer (0,10,20 and 30 ton per ha) and sub factor was four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg in ha). The agronomic traits that studied in this research consisted of yield and yield components, total bulb diameter and clovlet number. Then, the quality characteristics of garlic such as total pyrovic acid, texture hardness and essential oil percentage were measured and investigated. Results showed that the intermediate treatment of 30 ton per hectare, of manure mixed with 150 kg nitrogen per ha, produced the highest amount of bulb yields with 13290 kilo per hectare. Also, the experiment showed that the intermediate treatment with 10 ton per hectare, of animal fertilizer mixed with 100 kg nitrogen per ha of chemical fertilizers produced the highest amount of total pyrovic acid with 114 (micro mol/gr) and essential oil of 2/97 percent.

Of the most prominent aspects of human life is how to make connections with the Creator of the existence, manner of speaking, manner of praying and pray before Divine court, and adjusting our relationships with God and other humans. Religious texts are the best platform to achieve these aspects. The present study aims to investigate the most important demands from God in Imam Reza's pilgrimage books based on Quranic teachings, with an analytical- descriptive approach and with emphasis on the correlation between Quran and Etrat. The results of this research show that a significant portion of Imam Reza (A.S)'s pilgrimage books includes fervent prayers and presenting needs to God. They contain enormous and subtle teachings, including asking for forgiveness and referring to God, increasing the aliment, getting accustomed to Divine ethics, standing among the ones grateful to Divine blessings, getting sacrificed for Imam's objectives, being present among Divine saints, loving Ahl al-Bayt (A.S), standing in the line of the witnesses (on Doomsday), salvation from difficulties and sadness, being defended by Ahl al-Bayt (A.S) (on Doomsday) and not being deprived of Divine endowment, all of which are a reflection of grand concepts of Quranic teachings.

Controlling present national water crisis needs to accompany moral development alongside other economic, law, technical, knowledge and management strategies. In this regards, the analysis of water users’ moral development based on their cognitive and reasoning is very important. Present study aimed to analyze farmers’ moral judgment and reasoning in exploitation of agricultural water resources in Khoramabad county. In this way, the moral development theory of cognitive psychologist, Lawrence Kohlberg, was applied to analyze two moral dilemmas in exploitation of agricultural water resources. Survey technique and questionnaire tool were used to gather data form 310 subjects. The questionnaire face validity was confirmed by a panel of experts at department of agricultural extension and education at Shiraz University, and the questionnaire reliability was approved by a pilot study with 30 subjects outside of statistical population (Cronbach’s alpha range: from 0.82-0.87).The results showed that the proponents of digging illegal well preferred first moral reasoning level (Pre-conventional ethics) at second stage (The instrumental relativist orientation) for judging towards digging illegal dilemma; but, the opponents focused on second moral reasoning level (conventional ethics) at fourth stage (The "law and order" orientation). Also, the opponents’ moral judgment of second dilemma (preventing to fill of illegal well) based on third moral reasoning level (post-conventional ethics) at fifth stage (The social-contract legalistic orientation); although the proponents preferred second moral reasoning level (conventional ethics) at third stage (The interpersonal concordance orientation). Finally, based on the research results, some recommendations were provided.

The present study aimed at investigating the effect of games and activities based on Sher’s Project on slow-paced children’s fine and gross motor skills. The population of the study consisted of all slow-paced children aged between 6 and 8 in the city of Isfahan during the 2015-2016 academic year. The sample included 30 male slow-paced students selected by the convenience sampling method. Then, they were randomly divided into two groups: experimental (15 participants) and control (15 participants). To assess their fine and gross motor skills, the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP) was employed. The experimental group was trained with games and activities based on Sher’s Project during 24 one-hour sessions, and the control group received no training. To analyze the data, SPSS-21 and MANCOVA were used. The results indicated that games and activities based on Sher’s Project affected gross motor skills (P=0.001) and fine motor skills (P=0.001) in slow-paced children. Accordingly, it can be inferred that games and activities based on Sher’s Project are appropriate to improve fine and gross motor skills in slow-paced children and can be used in educational and rehabilitation centers.

Asmari Formation is the most prolific and important hydrocarbon reservoir in south of Iran. This formation in the studied oilfield has mixed carbonate-siliciclastic lithology. Also, changes in its elastic modulus are correlatable with facies changes. To address these changes, we investigated the relation between sedimentary environment (facies) and texture with rock elastic properties (young’s modulus). Data from three wells are analyzed and used for the study of facies and young’s modulus. Based on elastic properties, facies and texture changes as well as petrophysical characteristics seven RMFs are recognized in the studied formation. To predict RMFs at any location in the field more efficiently, and capturing variations of the lateral formation properties as indicated by the post- stack seismic data, a 3D rock mechanical facies model is constructed. In this method, RMFs are correlatable between studied wells and map able by seismic attribute in the field scale. Finally, the distribution of RMFs and their related properties are recognized in the studied field.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of oxidative stress in the pathology of ovine dicrocoeliasis.
During Dec 2013 - Oct 2014, seventy-two sheep (1-3 years) with liver dicrocoeliasis along with 47 healthy sheep were selected from animals admitted for slaughtering at slaughterhouse located in Neyshabour, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran.
In comparison to healthy control, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and serum total antioxidant capacity were significantly higher in the parasitized group (P Oxidative stress may play an important role in the erythrocyte destruction in sheep naturally infected with D. dendriticum. However, no clear relationships were observed between the oxidative stress, hepatic damage and parasite burden.

The topic of the present paper is the features of the desired political discipline from the viewpoints of Imam Khomeini and Ayatollah Khamenei which has been analyzed with descriptiveanalytical method. For the leaders of the Islamic revolution, the political discipline has been shaped with having three sides: leader and governor, people and managers. For these two dears, such a political discipline is favored whose type is firstly Velayat-e-Faqih (governance of the jurist) and secondly, whose three sides of leader, people and managers have high and supreme features according to Islam as the yardstick (which are the primacy of faith and piety). These two great thinkers have numerated the indices of the leader and governor of the perfect political discipline as: jurisprudence, piety, justice, tactfulness and management. Also, they numerate the features of the managers as: having piety, faith and self-purification, patience and persistence, self-belief and self-confidence, being a real “server” of the people, simple life, tolerating criticisms, fighting with corruption, responsiveness, keeping unity, poverty alleviation and observing social justice, and also characteristics of people as: awareness and insight, participation and presence in different scenes and elections and, supervision and unity.