gholamhossein darya

Concerns about the negative impacts of genetically modified (GM) crops have grown worldwide, necessitating research to determine robust standards. The scientific community has focused on unacceptably harmful impacts of diets consisting of GM crops. Animal experiments are providing valuable and important information regarding the safety of GM crops for both animal and human consumption. In this regard in this study, the effects of a diet containing 70% GM soybean on organs of rats were investigated. Twenty four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to two groups and were fed with a diet containing either (70%) GM soybean or (0%) GM soybean (control) for 120 days. Histopathological examination and appearance of organs were compared between rats fed non-GM soybean and those fed GM soybean. All rats fed GM soybean diet and non-GM soybean diet had normal small intestine, large intestine, stomach, cecum and testes and no histopathological changes were observed. But, some histopathological alterations were seen in the brain, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen in two groups; although, the Fisher’s Exact test showed that there were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between the two groups in terms of the frequency of normal and abnormal parts of them. Regardless of whether the diet consisted of GM or non-GM feed ingredients, the alterations were seen in a similar range in both groups.

Although chemicals including trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) are widely used to induce ulcerative colitis (UC) in laboratory animals, they are expensive and have side effects. This study aimed to introduce a novel model of chronic UC using ammonium chloride as an inexpensive material.

In this in-vivo study, 21 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three equal groups as follows: the first group (control) was received 0.5 cc of distilled water and the second and third groups were received 0.5 cc of ammonium chloride at concentrations of 2 mol/L or 4 mol/L through rectal enemas for 14 consecutive days (once daily). The procedure was stopped for two weeks, and then started and continued till rectal bleeding was observed. At the end, animals were sacrificed and colon, liver, and kidney tissues were examined histopathologically.

Although gross observation of colons in the control group showed a normal structure without histopathological changes, rectal enemas with 2 mol/L ammonium chloride caused hemorrhagic areas as well as mild edema of the sub mucosal layer and inflammatory cell infiltration. Besides, rectal enemas with 4 mol/L ammonium chloride caused an extensive ulceration/necrosis, severe inflammation and edema, moderate fibrinous exudate, and mild atrophy of intestinal glands. The liver and kidney tissues were normal in all groups.

Based on the findings, ammonium chloride can be used as an inexpensive alternative for inducing a chronic model of UC in rat. Current model also fulfills the histopathological criteria of UC.

Disordered TSH secretion from pituitary gland has always been one of the controversial complications of diabetes. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of oral administration of G. flavum on serum level of TSH in healthy and diabetic male rats. In this experimental study, 56 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups of 8 including: healthy control, healthy treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg of G. flavum extract, diabetic control, diabetic treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg of the extract, and 5 µg/kg doses of Glibenclamide. Diabetes was induced by single injection of Alloxan. After 30 days, blood samples were collected and TSH levels were measured. Finally, the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results declare that, the mean of diabetic+250 group was significantly higher than diabetic control group (P<0.001); Also, the mean in diabetic+500 and diabetic+drug groups did not have a significant different with control group (P>0.05). In conclusion, The G. flavum extract have been able to increase the level of TSH in diabetic rats, somehow that the higher dose can improve the complication, as equal as healthy control group.

Yellow Horned Poppy (YHP) is known as anti-diabetic plant in folk medicine in the southern regions of Iran. This study was conducted to compare the effects of oral administration of this plant and Glibenclamide on serum level of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Creatinine and Bilirubin (total and direct) in Alloxan induced diabetic rats. in this experimental study, Forty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five equal groups: healthy control, diabetic control, diabetic treated with 250 mg/kg Body Weight(BW)/day of extract, diabetic treated with 500 mg/kg BW/day of the extract and diabetic treated with 5μg/kg BW/day of Glibenclamide. Diabetes induced in groups 2 to 5 by IP injection of Alloxan at a dose of 120 mg/kg BW. After thirty days, the animals were anesthetized and blood samples were collected from the heart. Creatinine, BUN, total and direct bilirubin were measured enzymatically. The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. there were significant different between means of 250 treated group and diabetic control in all four factors (P<0.001). Also, the difference of means were not significant between 500 treated group and healthy control in BUN, creatinine, total and direct bilirubin (P>0.05), this reduction for the drug treated group was limited to creatinine and total bilirubin. It can be concluded that oral administration of the extract at both doses may possibly modulate the renal and hepatic clearance activity of diabetic rats.

Glaucium flavum Crantz (Yellow Horned Poppy, YPH) is used to reduce complications of diabetes in Iranian folk medicine. This study was conducted to compare the effect of aqua-ethanolic extract of Yellow Horned Poppy and Glibenclamide on serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP and insulin in diabetic rats induced by alloxan. In this experimental study, 40 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of eight: healthy control, healthy treated with 500mg/kg body weight (BW) of the YPH extract (healthy+YPH), diabetic control, diabetic treated with 500mg/kg BW of the extract (diabetic+YPH), diabetic treated with 5μg/kg BW of Glibenclamide (diabetic+ medicine). Diabetes was induced by injection of alloxan. After a month, blood samples were collected and serum levels of liver enzymes and insulin were also measured. Finally, the data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test. The activity of AST and ALP enzymes in the diabetic+YPH group was significantly higher than that in the diabetic+drug group (P=0.04). Also, ALT activity and insulin concentration in diabetic+YPH group significantly increased compared to diabetic control group (P<0.001). The findings of this study reveal that oral administration of the YHP extract in addition to its hepatoprotective activity against diabetes-induced stress, can enhance serum insulin level.

Yellow horned poppy is known as an antidiabetic drug in Iran folk medicine. This study was conducted to compare the effect of yellow horned poppy and glibenclamide on blood glucose concentration, blood lipid profile and weight of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. 40 male rats were randomly divided into five groups of eight: 1)healthy control 2)healthy treated with 500 mg/kg of body weight (BW)/day of the extract 3)diabetic control 4)diabetic treated with 500 mg/kg of BW/day of the extract 5)diabetic treated with 5µg/kg of BW/day of glibenclamide. Diabetes induced in the 3rd,4th and 5th groups  by intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/kg BW of alloxan. The weight of rats was measured after 1, 14 and 28 days. After a month, animals were euthanized and blood samples collected to measure serum levels of fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and lipoproteins including: HLD-C and LDL-C by an auto-analyzer. Data analysis was performed by repeated measure Anova, one way Anova and Tukey test. We found a significant decrease in glucose concentration in the diabetic+extract group compared to the diabetic control (P<0.001), this decrease was significantly lower than that in the diabetic+drug group (P=0.03). Triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL concentrations in the diabetic+extract group showed a significant decrease compared to those in the diabetic control group (P<0.001). Significant increase in HDL concentration was observed in the diabetic+extract group compared to that in the diabetic control group (P<0.001). The present study showed antidiabetic effect of yellow horned poppy in the rats which is comparable to the effect of glibenclamide.