فهرست مطالب gholamreza mesbahi moghaddam

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the book entitled” Fundamentals of Political Economy”, which is presented from a Marxist point of view. The method of study is documentary and analytical. The result of the study is that the views of the work are criticized in terms of the production of material wealth, income distribution due to the ownership of the means of production, historical materialism, mode and relation of production, views on the laws of society, primitive man, language, labor theory of value, embodied labor, socially necessary labor time, money as a measure of value, surplus value, capitalist society, capital as the social relation of production, surplus labor, the fundamental contradiction of the capitalist system, the accumulation of capital and the deterioration of the conditions of workers and the industrial reserve army, land rent and large-scale production.

1005/5000 The pattern of consumer behavior in each society has a crucial role in allocating resources for the production of different types of goods, distribution, as well as economic, social and political development. In this article, the Islamic approach to this area is discussed and the attempt is made to rely on Quranic verses as the main source of religion, the Islamic model of consumer behavior is explained; in other words, the main issue of this research is the question of implications The Qur'anic verses are practical in consumer behavior. To answer this question, all verses of the Holy Qur'an were studied and identified by the method of analysis of the subject. In the first stage, 300 verses from Quranic verses related to the subject matter were isolated and at the analysis stage, 900 identities were counted. In the form of themes, categorization and refinement, and with the development of the scope of the study, the interpretation of the late Allamah Tabatabai's al-Mizan and the narratives of the following verses, more evidence was collected and analyzed for the main themes. Based on this, four main themes, eight integrated themes, and seventeen main themes, a theme tree of consumption behavior in the Holy Qur'an are extracted and a pattern of consumption behavior from the perspective of the Holy Quran is presented.

Considering the wide use of Bank's Civil Participation Contract in the relations between customers and banks, the Markazi bank set the contract form for improving the quality of the contract in 2013. However, there are doubts about the terms of this contract. In this regard, in this study, two of the articles of the contract on civil partnership have been investigated. . Finally, it became clear that the suspicion of usury (Riba) applied in the term of guaranteeing profit. . In the case of the term to guarantee profit, it should be noted that this condition should be removed from the text of the contract. Accordingly, bank with number of preventive and assertive methods such as ensuring the profitability of the participation plan in different circumstances, obtaining adequate and liquid guarantee, credit and honorability of the client (partner) and the receipt of it according to his account records in different banks can minimize the loss of the participation plan and release the customer from bad account. Also, regarding the terms and conditions contained in the text of the contract, they can be adjusted to the discretion of the bank and the client and, as far as possible, the principle of justice and fairness are observed. The methodology of this research was in the form of a library and, in some cases, an interview with experts.

Zakah (Zakat), a form of alms-giving treated in Islam as a religious obligation or tax, is one of the pillars of Islam, which, by Quranic ranking, is next after prayer (salat) in importance. Throughout the history of Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh) Shia and Sunni jurisprudents and scholars have written many books on this subject. The Sire of the Prophet (pbuh) and his successors shows that Zakat is mandated and collected by the state and they received it with a systematic structure and the sacred verse of the Holy Quran also includes a portion of Zakah for the use of agents of collecting and distributing Zakah. But in the history of Islam, there have been political changes that have removed Zakat from Shiite jurisprudence in theory and practice and it has been altered into a government-run voluntary zakat contribution. This paper seeks to prove that although Zakat is most commonly used to eradicate poverty, but if a government is founded on righteousness and justice, it must be received and paid by the ruler and the Islamic State. An overview of the Zakat and Fatwa's traditions of the Shi'ite jurisprudents shows that it is "Taklif" (a legal charge or obligation) for the owners of the property to pay Zakat and Shi'a jurists are less likely to consider Zakat as a sovereign state. The main question of the research can be: is Zakat from the Islamic government's available financing resource for eliminating poverty and other purposes, or is it essentially non-governmental? In this article, by analytical method and based on jurisprudential traditions and texts, it has been proven that Zakat is essentially from the financial resources of the Islamic ruler to fulfill the goals stated in the Quranic verse. And the reason for the obsoleteness of this opinion in the view of some Shi'ite jurisprudents was the lack of "BASTE-YAD" (the de facto guardianship of Imam (a.s) or his deputy) in the era of presence and occultation of the Imam. Now, with the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran which its ruler is "Velâyat-e Faqih" (The Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist) Zakat must be at the disposal of the Velâyat-e Faqih.

Today capital accumulation and capital productivity, as two important factors in Economics, have been utilized to measure the success of a country's economy. Explaining investment situation in country is significant since its variations and especially its contribution to GDP considered as a good index to identify the wellbeing of the economy and welfare of the people; on the other hand, it is an index for financial power, facilities construction, and capacity building in country. Due to the importance of financial structure in different fields, the major factors that affect the financing of projects and firms, significant and important. So that any company could consider each of the determinants and the effective planning and decision-making in relation to the financial structure. In this paper, we discuss the theoretical basis was explained, at a later stage using a literature review and expert opinions, the criteria for favorable financing Islamic capital market and ultimately identify the criteria used to prioritize value was thinking. And finally these criteria by using Topsis method are priorized. Indeed the hypothesis of this project is recording to an idea that expresses Resistance Economy is a special designing and modelizing of economic conditions and mechanism that according to which economic situation of country is designed active and not passive.

Financial instruments are one of the fundamental dimensions of financial markets that guarantee their efficiency and effectiveness of these markets. These instruments playe a main role in economy to direct money from saving sources to investment needs. These instruments provide possibility of financing companies from public and private sources and also are considered as investment instruments for cash savings in an economy that can provide a suitable return for investors. Today, various financial instruments have been developed that can meet different financial needs of corporations which can comply with investor tastes and preferences. Among these instruments, commercial paper is usually considered as a short-term financing instruments for working capital expenditures of companies. Banks and credit institutions are among the main entities which issue commercial papers for their liquidity needs. In spite of this, like other traditional financial instruments, commercial papers have been developed and structured in western markets and cannot be issued in Islamic markets due to Shariah (Islam) regulations and condition. But, Islamic contracts and regulations have the capability to develop this important financial instrument in an accepted framework of prescribed contracts in Islam jurisprudence (Fiqh). The present research with a comparative study, (Delphy method) explains the conceptual model of Islamic commercial papers for banks and credit institutions in the form of Murabaha Sukuk, in a way that these papers can be structured and issued in the Islamic markets by using opinions of the experts.

In the studies already done regarding interest, two criteria have been discussed for diagnosing its being prohibited or approbated. These two criteria concern the nature of interest and the nature of contract. They suggest that the predetermined interest - whether fixed or variable - in terms of loan contracts is the true prohibited Riba. In this article, we will show that although these two criteria are necessary for diagnosing theprohibition or approbation of interest, they are not sufficient and an additional criterion - which is related to the nature of capital - is needed. However, since most conflicts about interest is associated with financial capital and money, in this paper we focus on financial capital. Therefore, there are two kinds of benefit to this type of capital: actual benefit and potential benefit. Our study suggests that receiving and paying interest is permitted only in two cases: when interest is essentially not predetermined; and when interest is predetermined, but firstly it is not in terms of loan contract and secondly the benefit of the traded capital is actual.

Today, organizing, controling and directing the cash money available into the right and productive economic activities are among the most important issues in the area of economics. Financial institutions and related state rules assist financial markets to realize the flow of the cash money from those who are rich to those who are looking for it. Speculation is one of the most frequently done activities in the fuures markets. On the one hand, using futures contracts plays an important role for risk management and on the other hand, accepting risks by the speculators is one of the methods of risk management. Research question is: whether speculation on futures, Islamic reguelation perspective is compatible to Shari`a or not? Research method is applied and survey. It`s population is who have Islamic and financial studies. We will prove Speculation is different to Gambling, Gharai, Akle mal be batel and it is compatible to Shari`a and economical benefit.

This is a basic، data-collecting research. The research aims to provide the indices for the success of future contracts to be presented to the market in a conceptual mode. The presented model in the article has effective variables on the success of presenting a designed future، including properties of underlying assets and properties of designed contract. Each of these variables has indices that help to measure values of variables. At first، the article surveys importance or unimportance of each of indices by non-parametric statistics and their coordination or in coordination with their divisions in the presented conceptual model. Then the article surveys presumptions of the research by using subjective analysis and LISREL software. Eventually، it is depicted that both properties of underlying asset variable and properties of designed contract variable are so impressive in succeeding future and are used in order to survey how much these indices are important and whether their position is accurate in the presented conceptual model.

There is a great wealth Waqf in Iran but it has not been developed. This was the reason for the inefficiency potential of Waqf to achieve welfare improvement. Such a situation is result of the need of awqaf and welfare organization for financial resources. The awqaf and welfare organization needs money to develop Waqf. Applying modern finance methods are the appropriate way for developing Waqf according to the time and place condition. One of the methods of financing is the participation of investors in issuing securities.In this article, after studying the methods and resources of modern and traditional finance in Waqf development, we touch on the necessity of using Islamic securities as a modern method of finance and then on the model of issuing securities as a modern method of financing for achieving Waqf development.

Utilizing capital assets is one of the important and impressive matters in economic development and growth. Natural recourses especially land is a kind of these capital assets. Nowadays Islamic countries such as Iran have confronted demolishing and destroying of lands. These lands which were thrive one day and also can be cultivated and utilize have been exited from proper economic cycle because of jurisprudential and legal difficulties. Traditions and diligence methods have been used in this paper to show that waste land developer wouldn’t be the owner of the land except the exploitation right and this right transfer only with sale, donation and inheritance. Therefore Islamic ruler has this authority to give permission someone else to cultivate the land if the developer, buyer, donee and inheritor abandoned it or defaulted in maintaining the cultivated land.