golsa salehi firozabadi

In the era of globalization, governments are encouraged to reduce trade barriers and provide equal opportunities for domestic and foreign products to enter their markets. In such conditions, improving the preference of domestic products is known as an invisible trade barrier and an alternative to traditional trade barriers. In this study, we cluster the consumers of the textile industry based on ethnocentrism, Xenocentrism, and cosmopolitanism, in order to take a step towards better understanding the consumers of this industry and, as a result, to improve the marketing strategies in this industry. We use the data of Iranians that were participate in online platforms and the sample size was408 people. In this study, 2 clusters were identified among consumers, among which the difference in ethnocentricity was more significant. In the first cluster, who have shown more desire to buy foreign fabrics, the tendency of cosmopolitanism is more than Xenocentrism, and therefore, these people choose more by examining different feature of fabrics. Therefore, domestic fabric manufacturers can be successful in attracting the attention of buyers of this cluster by improving the characteristics of the fabric. In the second cluster, the level of reluctance to buy foreign goods is close to neutral, and this group cannot be considered a staunch supporter of domestic fabric. But according to the percentage of ethno-oriented people in this group, it can be said that these ethno-oriented people are dissatisfied with the domestic fabric. Therefore, it seems that the textile industry should act by relying on nationalistic instincts and at the same time by improving the characteristics of the fabric to attract these people.

Tax can be discussed from various aspects and in the meantime, evaluation the tax system performance is very important. This article try to point this out in 2005 and 2008 (the second and final year of the forth development plan) in the Iranian economy and in provinces separately. To enable this comparison and homogeneity, Iranian provinces are divided into three groups (developed, less developed and underdeveloped) according to the industrial and mining logistic project by the Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade. In addition, the three criteria of number of employees, value added of industry and services sectors, as well as the number of declaration of tax resources are used as tax system inputs and the summation of direct taxes and taxes on goods and services is also used as output. The results of this study, which was conducted by DEA, indicate that the efficiency of the tax system represents a clear distinction, even in terms of homogeneous industrial development (non-industrial development) groups, especially in developed and less developed provinces. This finding suggests that the tax system can increase its performance, especially in industrial developed and less developed provinces, to significantly increase the amount of tax.

Firm Size and its impact on the firm performance examined in all of economics historical periods from different point of view. Meanwhile، productivity is one the most important performance index for each firm، therefore so many studies tries to survey firm size impact on it. In Iran also، economics literature replete with productivity studies but the impact of size on it rarely seen between them. Thus، this study focused on other non-metallic mineral products industry as one of the most important manufacturing industries in Iran to explain the size effect on productivity. DEA and Malmquist index have been used in order to measure productivity and pooling data method to estimate its relation with firm size. The results indicate that not only the larger firms have better performance in productivity at the 2-digit industry levels، but also we could see this result in most of 3 and 4-digit codes، too.

Although economic and managerial literature is replete with studies that probe about productivity but only a few studies decompose it to its components (technological changes، managerial efficiency changes and scale efficiency changes) and analysis their share in productivity changes (positively or negatively). Accordingly، this article attempts to explain the issue by decompose productivity to its factors in non-metallic minerals industry as one of the main industry in Iran in 2 and 4 digit industrial code. Using the data envelopment analysis and Malmquist index and Panel Data Model، the results of this paper indicate that impact of productivity components on its changes strongly depends on the level of the industry level. In term of policy، the findings show that for productivity growth in industry sector necessarily a same strategy is not acceptable and each industry base on their structure needs different changes for approving their productivity.