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Incremental forming is considered as one of the rapid prototyping methods and has a high degree of flexibility and cost-effectiveness at low production volume. Meanwhile, the lack of technical knowledge has challenged the use of this method in the industry. One of the things that can help the actual usage of this process is the suitable process window; a window used to determine maximum tearing depth of the sheet with respect to the material, thickness and wall angle. In this study, firstly, the formability of low-carbon steel sheet, St12, with the thicknesses of 1.25 and 1.50 mm in single point incremental forming of a truncated pyramid with different constant wall angles has been investigated experimentally. Then, it is compared with the formability of the truncated pyramid with variable wall angles under two different wall geometries. Based on the experimental results, the process windows are presented in terms of the maximum depth and wall angle and compared to each other under different circumstances. The results showed that the critical wall angle for St12 sheet in incremental forming of a truncated pyramid with a fixed wall angle differs from the pyramid with variable wall angle, but doesn't depend on the size of the pyramid base. The critical wall angle for the fixed and variable wall angle pyramids was obtained 67⁰ and 75⁰, respectively. For a pyramid with a fixed wall angle, the thickness distribution of the wall is almost constant, while for a pyramid with a variable wall, it varies along the path.

Cinema freedom is a concept that is rooted in freedom of expression, and in fact the cinema, as the seventh art, seeks to achieve this through its own audio-visual style. Freedom of cinema and its legal and moral challenges have always been one of the challenges of the states, and thus, governments have taken measures such as cultural regulation and a priori supervision to do their most important tasks as well as the pot production measures. Hence, the current paper aims at examining the legal and moral challenges posed by the freedom of cinema. Having expanded the concept, it will examine the subject of research, public order and cinema freedom. This is a descriptive-analytical paper based on thematic documents. Data was collected using library sources. Data was analyzed using legal documents analysis method.
The results suggest that: Freedom of cinema raises many legal and moral challenges that governments can, with their own regulations, partly reduce the legal and moral challenges of cinema freedom.

Aluminum and magnesium alloys are of materials for decreasing vehicle weight and consequently reducing fuel consumption. However, forming limitations regarding their low formability at room temperature are found when being manufactured by conventional forming processes. For this reason, development of new forming techniques, such as warm tube hydroforming, is needed to overcome such limitations. In addition, production of parts with sharp corners is nearly impossible using conventional forming processes. This paper investigates the possibility of forming stepped tubes with high expansion ratio, sharp corner radii and precise geometric shape using a developed hybrid hydroforming and bending method. To assess tube formability, the bulge test was adopted with different forming temperatures and axial feeds. It is shown that using the feed of 35 mm and feed rate of 15 mm/min, a stepped tube with 47.6 % expansion ratio and corner filling ratio of about 100 % (part with sharp corners) could be achieved when adopting the developed hybrid hydroforming and bending method at 150 ᵒC.

The bux moth, Cydalima perspectalis Walker (Lep.: Crambidae), has been identified as the most important pest of the genus Buxus in the world. This pest was introduced into Iran in 2016 and became highly invasive and destructive on Buxus hyrcana Pojark in the Northern Forests of Iran. The aim of this study was the evaluation of botanical pesticide Azadirachtin (Neem Azal®) to control of the bux moth and its combination with Henna as a synergist. Experiments were performed in a completely randomized design and were evaluated on second instar larvae of C. perspectalis under laboratory conditions (27±1°C, 65±10 R.H. and 16:8 L:D). At first, the mortality rate of the three concentrations of the Azadirachtin (1500, 1000 and 250 ppm) with control (water) was analyzed in six replications, then the effect of combination of three concentrations of Neem Azal® + Henna powder were investigated with three replications. The mortality was recorded after 24, 48 and 72 h. Our findings indicated that the application of Neem Azal® + Henna powder as an inexpensive and available adjuvant compound in spray tank could reduce the recommended concentration up to 50% and become more affordable to control C. perspectalis. This synergistic effect was similar when the dose of insecticide becomes doubles.

Merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy (MDC1A) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease occurred due to mutations in the LAMA2 gene. This study investigated the molecular genetics of three Iranian MDC1A patients who manifested hypotonia, muscle weakness at birth, elevated levels of creatine kinase, and normal magnetic resonance imaging before the age of six months. Peripheral blood samples were collected from three unrelated patients and their families after obtaining informed written consents. Genomic DNA was extracted and sequenced using next-generation sequencing, followed by Sanger confirmation. Sequencing results revealed a known missense mutation, c.8665G>A, and two novel heterozygous sequencing variants affecting splicing, c.397-4_c.478del and c.7452-1G>A, in the LAMA2 gene. Reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis showed that a new intronic variant, c.7452-1G>A, produced aberrant splicing pattern in the patient. This study expands the mutation spectrum of LAMA2 and assists in the diagnosis, genetic counseling, and prenatal diagnosis of the affected families.

In simulation and modeling of mass transfer phenomena, design of separation equipment; and predicting the mass transfer of miscible fuels, the mass transfer coefficients is required. In this study, a diaphragm-cell was manufactured to measure the liquid-liquid diffusion coefficient. The cell constant was obtained to be 0.188 cm-2 with 0.5 molar solution of potassium chloride solution. Based on this value, the binary diffusion coefficients of 0.5 molar sodium chloride and heptane-benzene solutions were obtained as 1.6×10-5 and 2.38×10-5 cm-2/s at 25 °C, respectively. These coefficients have been previously reported respectively as 1.5×10-5 and 2.29×10-5 cm2/s at 25 °C. Afterward, the infinite dilution diffusion coefficients of heptane in benzene and benzene in heptane at 25 °C were obtained as 3.14×10-5 and 1.88×10-5 cm2/s, respectively. These coefficients have also been previously reported as 3.4×10-5 and 2.10×10-5 cm-2/s respectively. The measured diffusion coefficients showed a good agreement with literature values. Finally, investigating the effect of liquid density of upper and lower part of the diaphragm cell on the measured value of diffusion coefficient showed that the solution with higher density should be charged in the lower part of the cell.

  The aim of this study was to investigate the intra-familial transmission of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Golestan province, that has the highest prevalence of CHB in Iran. The Golestan Cohort Study (GCS) is a population-based prospective study of 50045 individuals, 40 years or older, initially set-up to study upper GI cancers in Northern Iran. In 2008, a baseline measurement of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) on the stored serum of all GCS participants identified 3505 HBsAg+ individuals. In 2011, we assessed HBV serological markers in 2590 initially HBsAg+ individuals and their first-degree relatives including spouses (1454) and children (3934). The median (IQR) age of spouses and children were 52 (12) and 25 (12) years respectively. Out of 5388 family members, 2393 (44.5%) had no HBV markers, indicating susceptibility to infection. Of these, 378 (15.8%) were fully-vaccinated children with no apparent response to primary immunization. HBsAg was positive in 2.2% (n = 33) of spouses and 8.2% (n = 325) of children (overall rate of 6.6%). HBcAb was positive in 761 (52.3%) and 914 (23%) spouses and children, respectively. The rate of spontaneous loss of HBsAg (HBsAg-, HBsAb+ and HbcAb+) was 41.3% and 13.9% in spouses and children, respectively. A higher rate of HBsAg+ children (10.2%) was found in families in which the mother was positive for HBsAg compared with families where the father was positive for HBsAg (6.3%) (P < 0.001). When both parents were positive for HBsAg, the rate of HBsAg positivity was high (23.5%, P < 0.001). Despite high virus exposure rates between spouses (52.6 %), the prevalence of HBsAg positivity among them was very low (2.3 %). Sexual and parent-to-child transmission are important routes of CHB spread in this population from northern Iran despite the fact that 24 years have passed since the beginning of hepatitis B vaccination in infants. Low percentage of HBsAg positivity in spouses is related to high HBsAg clearance rate among them

Recently, the use of laminated sheet metals has been spread in various industries, such as aerospace and automotive industries due to the improvement of formability of low-formable lightweight sheets and making compound properties such as corrosion resistance. Forming these sheets is faced with some limitations, such as wrinkling and separation of the layers. To overcome these limitations, hydroforming process has been introduced. In this paper, hydrodynamic deep drawing assisted by radial pressure and also hydromechanical deep drawing processes of Al-St two-layer sheet metals have been investigated experimentally. In order to perform a detailed investigation, finite element simulation was also carried out by ABAQUS software. It was shown that formability of the aluminum sheet can be improved by laminating with the steel sheet. Moreover, the results illustrated that in hydrodynamic deep drawing assisted by radial pressure, wrinkling is decreased and thinning is increased by reducing the gap between blank holder and die. When the gap becomes zero (hydro-mechanical deep drawing without radial pressure), wrinkling is reduced considerably and also drawing ratio is decreased. Additionally, it was identified that the arrangement of the layers with respect to the punch has a great effect on formability of the two-layer sheet

This study investigated the effect of the environmental enrichment during adolescence on morphine-induced Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) and locomotor sensitization in maternally separated male and female rat pups. Male Wistar rats were allowed to mate with female virgin Wistar rats. Pups were separated from them 3 hours per day during 2–14 days postnatal. All pups were weaned at 21 Postnatal Day (PND) and reared in standard environment or enriched environment from 21 to 50 PND with litter-mates of the same sex. The CPP and behavioral sensitization to morphine were assessed by an unbiased place conditioning paradigm and open filed method. The results showed that the maternal separation enhanced morphine-induced CPP in both sexes, locomotor sensitization in male pups and tolerance to morphine-induced motor activity in female pups during adolescence. While, male and female pups reared in an EE exhibited a decrease in morphine-induced CPP, locomotor sensitization and tolerance induced by maternal separation compared to their control pups. Access to enriched environment during adolescence may have a protective effect against morphine-induced reward, locomotor sensitization and tolerance in adolescent male and female rats following maternal separation

The recent study was carried out to evaluate the RUSLE and RUSLE2 models for predicting soil loss in stony rangeland hillslopes of Khamesan watershed using event data obtained from natural rainfall. For this purpose, total runoff and soil loss were measured during three years (2011, 2012 and 2013) in eighteen plots with 24 m long by 1.8 m wide (six hillslopes with three replicates). The input data for both models were measured and monitored including soil characteristics, plant cover, ground cover etc. Twenty-four rainfall events were examined during the study period. Two models, particularly RUSLE2, estimated average annual soil loss relatively well, despite the overestimation. The results showed that both models, especially RUSLE2, was able to estimate single events soil loss relatively acceptable, especially in rainfalls with lower erosivity index (R2(RUSLE)=0.25, R2(RUSLE2)=0.53; EF(RUSLE)=0.23, EF(RUSLE2)=0.53). Calibration of the erodibility factor in two models led to considerable improvement of model efficiency (R2(RUSLE)=0.69, R2(RUSLE2)=0.82; EF(RUSLE)=0.63, EF(RUSLE2)=0.80). Comparison of estimations of two models showed that in all studied situations, RUSLE2 model had higher efficiency than RUSLE. It seems that with respect to characteristics of studied hillslopes on one hand and improvements of RUSLE2 model relative to RUSLE on the other hand, it has been led better estimates of RUSLE2. Generally, the results showed that in hillslopes with higher rock fragment cover and lime content, efficiency of non-calibrated two models was lower than other hillslopes. This result shows that more research is needed to examine the effect of these parameters on estimation of soil loss in two models, especially for the RUSLE

Production of rectangular sheet parts by traditional deep drawing methods is associated with many problems. The absence of axisymmetry and the difference between the length and width of the part makes the forming of these products difficult. In this paper, forming of rectangular cups in a single step which is not possible by traditional methods for the desired depth and corner radius, has been examined by hydrodynamic deep drawing process with radial pressure. In this research, after designing and manufacturing of die and forming of rectangular parts, the obtained results from simulation were compared and verified by those of experiments. Moreover, the effect of forming pressure on thickness distribution has been investigated. The study illustrated that increasing forming pressure up to an optimum value improves formability and thickness distribution. In addition, in order to remove flange area and to improve formability, optimization of the sheet dimensions has been performed using sensitivity analysis. It was concluded that optimizing the blank shape can improve thickness distribution, eliminate final flange trimming and decrease one stage of manufacturing, resulting in decreasing production time and cost. Finally, it was illustrated that it is possible to adequately form rectangular cups in one stage using optimized blanks.

This research investigates the role of nature in residential complexes, in sense of freshness and happiness of residents, by examining case studies in Ekbatan complex in Tehran and mehregan complex in Qazvin. (In this study, happiness was examined from two point of views) The first is subjected to individual and is related to culture, insight and understanding of people and the two views are interrelated and affect each other. Then factors affecting the happiness were studied. It is important to note that the role of nature in creating happiness is basic and undeniable. Nature, as one of the factors in the design of open spaces in these complexes can be useful in the sense of vitality and calm environment and reduction of machine spirit of modernity. Eventually, the impact of nature in Ekbatan and Mehregan complexes were examined through questionnaires the result of questionnaires showed that high level of nature in Ekbatan has very significant impact on sense of happiness of people in the complex, and also the slight nature in Mehregan complex has very little impact on the sense of happiness of people Mehregan complex. According to the concept of happiness and factors affecting it, we shall say, the open nature of the residential complexes, as a gathering place, causes better so social interactions and better relationships between users, which will lead to greater happiness of the residents. In the past architectures, in order to perform these interactions, the naure in the yard was used but, in today`s residential complex, there is less attention regarding meaning and quality of environment. With regards to the requirements of modern life "shortage and sometimes lack of natural elements, rush hours, noise pollution, advanced technology, fading close emotional relations of the resident in most good neighborly relations in residential complexes, and followed by social anomalies(crime) and identity crisis in settlements requires attention to the construction of residential areas with natural elements, for creating space for social interaction(more and better understanding of users towards each other) has attracted researcher`s view. We can also say, nature as factor that can canes social, cultural, psychotically mobility of people in residential complexes, has been considered in this study. And according to the belief that man is part of the nature, causes his survival, and this valuable relationship is emphasized is emphasized in Islamic teaching is one of the main points in this study the methodology described in this research is qualitative.

Soil pore size distribution (SPSD) is one of the most important soil physical quality indices which reflect soil inherent characteristics and its management system. The soil water integral energy (EI) is an index that represents the amount of energy needed to uptake a mass unit of soil water by plants. In this research, we studied the effects of SPSD curves location and shape parameters on EI index of different soil water ranges in medium to coarse-textured soilsof Torogh Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Station in Khorasan-Razavi province. Thirty points with different soil textures and organic carbon contents were selected. After conducting required laboratory and field measurements using standard methods, the soil moisture release curve (SMRC) parameters, the SPSD curve parameters, plant available water (PAW) and least limiting water range (LLWR) which were measured in matric heads of 100 and 330 cm for the field capacity, integral water capacity (IWC) and EI of the mentioned soil water ranges were calculated and the relationships between the SPSD curve location and shape parameters and EI values (for PAW100, PAW330, LLWR100, LLWR330 and IWC) were statistically analyzed. The results showed that, in medium to coarse-textured soils, increasing the equivalent pore diameter and reducing the diversity of soil pore sizes along with the tendency of the SPSD curves to be more peaked in the center and more tailed at the two ends compared with lognormal distribution could lead to lower EI and easier uptake of water by plants in different soil water ranges.

Bacterial infections are an important and growing problem across the world. During the last few decades, the inappropriate consumption of antibiotics has led to increased antimicrobial resistance. A survey of literature demonstrates that isatin and indole rings are among the most favorable compounds with a potential for antimicrobial activity. Therefore in this study some novel isatin and indole derivatives coupled with hydantoin moiety were synthesized using a hybridization approach in order to evaluate the relationship between structure and antibacterial/antifungal activity.
The derivatives were prepared in good yields and their structures were confirmed using H-NMR, IR, and Mass Spectrometry. The antibacterial/antifungal activity of compounds was evaluated using the Broth Microdilution method on a series of gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains and Aspergillus niger.
Among the tested compounds, the indole derivative #5 exhibited the highest activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a MIC value of 31.25 µg/mL.
Conclusion[vog1] : These synthesized derivatives showed effective antibacterial activity mainly against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. On the other hand the tested compounds had appropriate spectrum effect ,because they showed antibacterial effect on both positive and negative strains.
[vog1] the English conclusion s the hould be written as Persian conclusion.

Renal disorders including renal failure are common complications which affect the whole body system. The treatment methods in modern medicine seem to be inadequate in a large number of cases. Regarding the increasing interest of the community towards traditional and complementary medicine, the potential of Persian medicine (PM) in management of renal diseases, could be put to test in research programs in order to find possible effective treatment.
The aim of this study is to introduce materia medica which are commonly used in PM for the purpose of protection and functional empowerment of the kidneys against destructive factors.
This research is a literature-based study on effective material medica used in the treatment of two significant renal disorders; renal weakness and renal atrophy (Hozal). Six pharmaceutical references of Persian medicine from different historical periods were searched by certain keywords related to renal weakness and renal atrophy.
Fourteen materia medica related to the prevention or treatment of renal weakness and fifteen for renal atrophy were found. Poppy (Papaver somniferum), Amber and shellac are the most repeated medicines in the treatment of renal weakness; whereas fig (ficus carica), banana (musa sapientum) and hazelnut (corynus avelana) are mostly repeated for either prevention or treatment of renal atrophy.
Medicinal plants represented by Persian medicine references could be a basis for experimental and clinical researches for drug development in the field of prevention or even treatment of acute or chronic renal failure.

Thixoforging is known as a modern process for the production of parts in semi-solid state that has been developed in recent years. Thixoforging involves forging of nondendritic structure ingots in the temperature range of liquid and solid phases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of primary microstructure¡ Hydraulic Ram speed and heat treatment on metallurgical and mechanical properties of parte in thixoforging process. Microstructural study has been investigated by using optical microscopy¡ scanning electron and image analysis software. Results show that the increase of forming speed from 1 to 5 mm/s cause the decrease of grain size from 85 to 73 micrometer in which case the final compressive strength equal 433 MPa were measured. Also¡ accomplishment of T6 heat treatment causes formation of globular Si eutectic phase and precipitation of Mg2Si hard particles in matrix phase that lead to increasing the compressive strength from 433 to 522MPa and hardness increase from 79 to 88 HV.

Tube bending is widely used in the aerospace and automotive industries. Of the main difficulties of this process are wrinkling, rupture and incomplete filling of the die. If the ratio of the bend radius to tube diameter (R/D) in the bending process is between 1 and 1.5, the bending cannot be performed by conventional methods. Therefore, it is important to develop a new technique in this respect. In this study, at first, closed-end seamless tubes were produced by multistage deep drawing and ironing processes. Then, the proposed hydroforming process of square cross-section tubes with the ratio of R/D=1 has been examined experimentally and by FEM. It is illustrated that the square cross section tubes with low R/D can successfully be produced by the developed technique. In addition, the effect of internal fluid pressure and die bend angle on the thickness distribution of the inner, outer and lateral walls of the bending area has been investigated. It is shown that with increasing the pressure, the thickness of the inner, outer and lateral tube walls increases. The reduction in the thickness is much greater for the external wall. The tube in the R / D = 1 was formed with multi of bending angles. The results exhibit with increasing the bending angle, the pressure of forming was decreased.

In this study the possibility of producing a part of tractor (tractor’s hood) with anisotropic low-carbon steel sheet, ST14, through hydroforming method has been investigated which was not possible through traditional deep-drawing method. It must be mentioned that this has been done both experimentally and through finite element simulation. Due to the shape of the work piece, two of them are placed beside each other to be formed through hydroforming process, then after producing they are cut into two separate halves. Because of the big size of the work piece, the smaller simulated scaled size has been used for doing the investigation. The simulation results were compared and validated to the experimental scaled work pieces. To reduce the production costs and increase the quality of manufactured pieces, the original dimensions of the blank optimized with sensitivity method at four stages. In addition, the influence of four pressure paths were examined on the quality of the produced pieces. The results show that through using optimal pressure paths and optimizing the shape of the sheet , the part can be produced with high quality and accuracy just in one stage.

Khaghani Shervani (520-595, AD/the Hejira) is one of the greatest Iranian balladeers and of the great poets of Azerbaijani style. The extent of the areas in Khaghani’s speech,his skill in using new and pristine sense of meaning, the accuracy of the descriptions and using poetic tricks in the creation of artistic images have promoted his poetic realm so that entering to it has become difficult and sometimes a wish to the user of Persian literature. The appearance of new literary theories in the field of literature has provided an opportunity to the literary text addressees to present different and new readings from literary texts.This article attempts to analyze Khaghani’s most famous ballad, “Qasidat of Ctesiphon Porch (Eavan e Madaen)”, based on " Jakobson’s theory of communication ". This theory is based on three basic elements: sender, receiver and message and three minor factors: context, code and channel. Each of these six language dimensions/factors has emotive, conative, aesthetic/poetic, referential, metalingual and phatic functions, respectively. The result of research shows that the dominant function in this Qasidat regarding Khaghani’s artistic and poetic features is referential.

Nowadays, heart failure is one of the most common diseases and is the cause of death in a high percentage of the population. Despite all the progress made, researches continue for achieving a better understanding of its causes. The present study aims to evaluate the causes of heart failure from Persian medicine (PM) point of view.
In this review article, first PM books with references to causes of heart failure and weakness such as Al Qanun Fi Al-Tibb (The Canon of Medicine) and Exir-e-azam were reviewed and compared with modern medical findings in Braunwald's Heart Disease, Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine and Cecil medicine books as well as online databases including PubMed, Science direct, Scopus and Google scholar.
FINDINGS: Reviewing the documentation revealed that, according to definitions and symptoms, heart failure is the equivalent of the term “heart weakness” in PM. Accordingly, results of the study demonstrated that according to PM, causes such as Sue-e-Mizaj, obstruction, tissue detachment, mental disorders, direct and indirect excessive disposal of body essential materials may underlie the heart’s inability to meet the needs of the organs.
Several factors are mentioned as the cause of heart failure or heart weakness in PM, only a few of which are considered in modern medicine. However, some of these less considered theories can be used as new assumptions to prevent and control this disease

Nowadays, heart failure (HF) is one of the most common and disabling diseases with high mortality and morbidity in every community. However, modern diagnostic and therapeutic methods use for cardiovascular disease management, but heart failure is still an important topic in researches to find effective, inexpensive, and available methods. Complementary and alternative interventions are one of the methods which used for increasing the quantity and quality of patient life by the new study designs. Persian medicine (PM) as one of the ancient medicine and evidence-based knowledge can be appropriate for this kind of research.
This study is a narrative review in cardiology texts of Persian traditional medicine (including al-havi. canon of medicine) and compares it with the conventional medicine classification.
According to PM viewpoints, “heart weakness” is the most similar disease to HF based on definition and semiology. General weakness with changes in pulse rate, breathe pattern, body weight, appetite, neurological or cognitive function and physical power are common signs and symptoms between heart weakness and HF. In patient management, cardiac function improves, according to initial and acquired temperament by cardiotonic or aromatic herbs and nutraceutical products. Psychiatric rehabilitation is one of the most important treatment strategies, especially with aromatherapy or music listening and a suitable massage with appropriate oil.
Recognition of PM views about semiology and management of heart failure (heart weakness) can help scientist to design future researches and clinical trials for accessing to more effective treatments, preventive methods and improving patient satisfaction.

Achieving sharp corners in hydroforming process is difficult or impossible in experimental producer. Also, augmenting pressure for producing sharp corner and filling the die is caused local thinning and fracture in the corners of tubes. Then, the corner of tubes has the less thickness compared with the other parts. In new dies which leads sharpen corners, tube forming contains two phases, bulge and forming. In current paper, a new die for producing bended SS-316L tubes with non-uniform bending radius and diatreme has been offered by considering experimental tests and finite element modelling. Having two movable bushes for producing completely filled steps is one of the merits of new die. Movement of movable bushes can omit the friction between die and bushes while the specimen is feeding. Another advantage of this die is having less forming pressure and non-complicated die structure. In addition, thickness distribution of tubes which was produced in this die is more uniform than the previous dies.

This study was designed to examine the effect of environmental enrichment during methamphetamine (METH) dependency and withdrawal on methamphetamine-induced spatial learning and memory deficits and obsessive-compulsive behavior.
Adult male Wistar rats (200 ± 10 g) chronically received bi-daily doses of METH (2 mg/kg, sc, with 12 hours intervals) for 14 days. Rats reared in standard (SE) or enriched environment (EE) during the development of dependence on METH and withdrawal. Then, they were tested for spatial learning and memory (the water maze), and obsessive-compulsive behavior as grooming behavior in METH-withdrawn rats.
The results revealed that the Sal/EE and METH/EE rats reared in EE spent more time in the target zone on the water maze and displayed significantly increased proximity to the platform compared to their control groups. METH withdrawn rats reared in EE displayed less grooming behavior than METH/SE group.
Our findings revealed EE ameliorates METH-induced spatial memory deficits and obsessive-compulsive behavior in rats.

This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of rill erosion and evaluate the ability of Hairsine-Rose model in estimation of sediment concentration. The experiments were carried out at the Soil and Water Conservation Research Station of Tehran University in Kuhin, Qazvin. Four flow rates were tested at three slopes in trapezoidal hand-made rills of 3 m long and 5 cm base width. Outflows were sampled periodically to determine changes in sediment concentration. The experiments were repeated in early autumn and mid spring. Sediment concentration showed a dynamic change with time which was affected by flow rate, slope and season. The sediment concentration was high in the first few minutes of the experiment but over time, dropped and finally reached a more or less stable state. The effects of flow rate and slope were more detectable on sediment concentration at the early unsteady conditions than at the final steady conditions. Though the temporal trends were similar, the sediment concentration was generally higher in autumn than in spring. Hairsine-rose model showed a better performance at lower flow stream powers but generally over predicted sediment concentration showing a systematic error probably due to model formulation.

Persian (Iranian) medicine is one of the oldest traditional medical science with more than 1000 years of history. Scientometrics studies on the current research achievement of Persian medicine in academic communities are lacking. The purpose of this study is assessment and analysis of scientific attainment of Persian medicine in international research publication and provides overview of research efforts in the field of Persian traditional medicine until 2015.
Documents were collected from Pub Med database with these keywords: “Iranian medicine”, “Persian medicine”, “Iranian traditional medicine” and “Persian traditional medicine”. All data were classified based on type of manuscript, field of study, kind of research, journal type and publication year.
FINDINGS: 502 Articles were found up to the end of 2015; 54.3% original articles, 26% review, 13.7% letter to editor, 29% biographical and historical articles. Pharmacological and phytochemical studies were the most published articles (14/7%). Between 139 journals which published these articles, 59% have Impact factor (IF) and highest IF belonged to the Lancet neurol J (23/46). More than one citation was reported in 43.7% of articles and the most citation belong to the one of the published article in year 2012 (23 citation). H-Index of all collected articles was 12.
The number of published articles in Persian (Iranian) Medicine had significant growth in the last years. But usage of several keywords for Persian traditional medicine, by authors, inhibits aggregation and availability to these. However proposed unique full or abbreviate name be used in all published research document.