فهرست مطالب gr lashkaripour

The frequency of limestone has caused to be encountered in different projects of engineering. The Ilam Formation is one of the formations that is widely spread in the Zagros Mountains, and in the sample cutting, it contains 195 meters of cream-colored limestone. Due to the extent of this formation, many projects have been performed on this formation, and they also encounter this formation in oil drilling. Its lower and upper Boundaries are continuous with Surgah Formation and Gurpi Formations, respectively. The aim of this study is to investigate and introduce the engineering geological features of Ilam formation limestones in the type section. The Ilam Formation is a challenge in various projects like other formations with carbonate units. Especially, when the mentioned units are different in terms of lithology, physical, and mechanical. In order to identify the characteristics and engineering behavior of these rocks, 60 blocks were selected from different limestone horizons of the Ilam Formation and were transferred to the laboratory. Then, the physical and mechanical properties and lithology characteristics of limestones are determined. The samples have been used to test the physical properties, durability, point load index, uniaxial compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength, and wave velocity. The results of the multivariate regression showed that the differences between petrological and physical properties have led to a variation in their mechanical properties. Statistical indices such as R2, , RMSE have been evaluated by Minitab 16 software, and the relationship between physical and mechanical properties was determined. Based on the results, there is a higher reliability coefficient for estimating mechanical properties than other properties in the dry condition compared to the saturated condition. The results of this research showed that lithological and physical characteristics play an important role in the mechanical properties of Ilam limestones.

Brittleness is one of the most important mechanical properties of rock which has a widespread application in underground constructs drilling like tunnel drilling. Although many method have been introduced for estimating brittleness, no standard has been mentioned for measuring brittleness. In this research, experiments for determining   brittleness of S20 along with petrographic (main mineral percentage), physical (dry density, saturation density, porosity and water absorption percentage), mechanical (uniaxial compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength , point load test) and dynamic properties (pressure and shear wave velocity) in the two states of dry and saturated were performed on 19 test samples of igneous rocks (granite, granodiorite and dacite) selected from Sangan iron ore mine in khaf. Statistical analysis of the results shows that brittleness of samples increases with increasing alkali feldspar and quartz and also reducing plagioclase. Also existence of micro particles and carbonate veins decreases strength and increases the brittleness of rock and facilitate excavatability of samples which is more prominent in saturated state. There is an inverse relationship between S20 brittleness and the brittleness indices, and as the value of S20   brittleness increases, the value of brittleness indices decrease. The relationship between S20 brittleness and brittleness indices B3 and B4 has the highest coefficient of determination. As a result, it can be said that the brittleness measured in the laboratory can be more realistic in expressing the brittleness of rocks.

Determination of brittleness and geomechanical parameters, especially uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and Young's modulus (ES), is required for designing and various applications of rock engineering. Evaluation of these parameters is a time-consuming, tedious and costly process requiring the preparation of suitable rock cores, therefore, experimental correlations are being used to predict the properties of rocks. In this study, to predict brittleness and determining the experimental correlation between physical and mechanical parameters of Talezang limestone formation, 74 rock core samples obtaining from 10 geotechnical boreholes with a depth of 70 m in the basement of Hawasan dam in dry and saturated conditions were used. After analyzing the descriptive statistics of the samples in SPSS 25 software, simple regression correlation relationships were approached based on the best fit between physical and mechanical parameters and according to multiple regression model, an experimental equation with coefficient of determination (R2 = 96) was applied to predict brittleness index of Talezang limestone. Finally, the obtained experimental equation based on the values of uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) and compressive wave velocity (Vp) and statistical relationships between physical and mechanical parameters for determining the brittleness index (BI) in saturated conditions was compared with previous relationships in the literature. The results show that the accuracy of the statistical relationships presented is consistent with previous relationships.

In EPB-TBM tunneling, a positive face control during tunnel excavation is delivered and the tunnel face is supported by pressure from the mass of remolded soil within the cutterhead chamber. EPB TBMs operate more eectively when the soil immediately ahead of the cutterhead and in the chamber forms a plastic plug, which ensures face support. The target properties for extracting soil in an EPB TBM can best be described as a soil matrix exhibiting a soft workable plastic consistency. The behavior of excavated soil from mixing up to extraction depends mainly on the property called workability of conditioned soil. Workability in simple terms can be de- ned as the ease with which the excavated soil can be mixed with additives, compressed in pressure chamber, owed freely from the face and finally extracted from screw conveyor. Furthermore, the workability is an indicator for the plasticity of the support media, comparable to the consistency of cohesive grounds and thus a criterion for the applicability of EPB tunneling. The factors which effect the workability of conditioned soil are water content, fine grain, foam injection ratio (FIR). In this study, effecting 10 and 20 percentage of water content and FIR on workability of conditioned soil for EPBTBM tunneling is assessed with laboratory slump test. The 66 laboratory trials of soil-foam-mixtures were made to investigate the in uence of the mentioned parameters on workability of conditioned soil. To analyze the available data using statistical methods, relationships between mentioned parameters and slump test results were investigated. Results of analyzes show that there are a quantitative relation between water content and the workability for the application of EPB shields. The present study clearly showed that the decrease of water content and FIR became stronger with the decrease of the slump of conditioned soil. Finally, in this study, a new empirical chart, for assessment of and workability of conditioned soil is suggested.

Nowadayes, air pollution is considered as one of the most important problems of urbanization and industrial life and all members of the society is affected by this problem. Cement industry is one of the key industries in developing countries, which is widely applied in various projects. However, the industry is considered one of the industry's environmental pollutants. In this study, environmental pollution of Kerman Cement Factory, which is located on the western border of the city of Kerman has been studied. For this purpose, photometer instrument DUST TRAK and Method BS-EN-12341 are used to determine the amount of suspended PM2.5 and PM10 of Ambient air at the four sides of the factory To determine the aerosol outlet Flue gas monitoring system based on EPA Metho 2 was used and the amount of exhaust gas molecular weight was calculated.To evaluation the concentration of exhaust gases of combustion from the furnace electro Number 1, 2 and 3 by device OPTIMA7 Samples were taken. Also, this study has been carried out from 1389 to 1392. The results show that the maximum concentration of suspended particles PM2.5 and PM10 from the south side - near the entrance of the year 1389, East side - opposite the depot clinker year1391 and the west side - opposite to mine raw materials in 1389 year That is exceeded. associated with emission of Flue and environmental dust can be said that the concentration of dust in some years about standards is over, But the total concentrations of output and environmental dust can be acceptable, especially in the 92 years evaluated.

Khorasan Razavi province is one of the areas with many chains of Qanat and Mashhad city in the center of this province has developed on areas with Qanat in the west direction. Loads caused by tall buildings and structures that built on old Qanats can make Qanats unstable and consequently Qanat collapse can lead to ground settlement. This paper deals with identifying the exact locations of Qanat chains by aerial photographs and evaluating the main factors that cause Qanat collapsing. Moreover the stability of Qanat was evaluated in numerical modeling by Plaxis software. The geotechnical data، Qanat depth، Qanat lining system and vertical load was used in modeling and after that، the extension of plastic zone around the Qanat underground tunnel was analyzed. The results of this research show that the rate of plastic zone extension and the influence of lining in Qanat stability decreases by increasing in the Qanat depth. As it is estimated while Qanat depth increases as much as one meter، it can tolerate more pressure as much as loads induced by a one-storey building.