فهرست مطالب h bahrami

The development of mechanization and machine technology can have positive and negative effects on the economic, social, and environmental conditions of a region. Conflicts in these areas complicate the selection and optimization of sustainable mechanization systems. One of the basic questions in the selection of a sustainable agricultural mechanization system is how and with what methodology would it be possible to propose the closest mechanization model that will overcome the simultaneous contradictions between the three pillars of sustainability; taking into account the natural and technical limitations in agricultural production. What is the appropriate approach considering the economic, environmental, and social aspects? The current research aims to provide a framework for an optimal mechanization model to achieve the goals of agricultural sustainability so that it can be implemented and applied practically. It is possible to provide a model that addresses the conflicting economic, social, and environmental aspects by quantitatively optimizing the level of mechanization.

In this study, a framework is applied whereby contradictory goals of agricultural sustainability can be achieved simultaneously. After selecting the indices and data collection, by combining Shannon entropy and TOPSIS, the similarity index was obtained for each objective. The similarity indices and values of the Benefit-Cost Ratio calculated for each system were considered as coefficients of three objective (economic, social, and environmental) functions in multi-objective optimization. The multi-objective optimization model was applied to achieve sustainable mechanization patterns and was solved using the NSGA-II algorithm. For framework validation, paddy production mechanization systems in the Ramhormoz region located in southwestern Iran were analyzed with constraints: land, water, and machinery. The five mechanization systems of paddy production included puddled transplanted, un-puddled transplanted, water seeded, dry seeded, and, no-till.

Pareto-optimal solutions of different scenarios with water and machine constraints showed that this framework cannot only meet the sustainable goals, but also the optimal allocation of mechanization systems is identified and the effect of different scenarios under different constraints can be examined. The sustainability goals between the no-tillage and planting with puddling systems are highly contradictory. The no-tillage system has the highest score in the environmental aspect and the lowest score in the social and economic aspects. This modern system was developed in Ramhormoz three years ago and has faced technical, economic, and social challenges ever since. The cultivated area using this system was 43 hectares in 2019. Despite the speed and ease of planting with this system, and its direct environmental benefits, the possibility of fungal outbreaks is raised due to the presence of wheat residues from previous cultivation and the warm and humid environment of cultivation. Additionally, weed outbreaks caused by periodic irrigation have greatly affected the satisfaction and profitability of this system, leading to the highest amount of pesticides consumed among the studied systems. The results of multi-objective optimization of sustainable rice mechanization systems in Ramhormoz city showed that the total surface area of optimal point systems is in the range of 2700 to 3200 hectares, which is close to the area under rice cultivation in Ramhormoz (3310 hectares) and it indicates that the output of the model is according to the applied restrictions and close to reality. The limitation of machinery and water has made the two planting systems of un-puddled transplanting and dry-seeding better than other systems. Removing only the machinery restriction can lead to an increase in the area under rice cultivation by about 700 hectares. This means that the requirement for the development of sustainable rice cultivation in Ramhormoz is to strengthen and support modern mechanized systems of no-tillage, dry-seeding, and planting with puddling, with a focus on systems with less water consumption which are the systems with higher levels of mechanization. Without water limitation, if the model is subject to the current machinery limitations, the optimal mechanization systems are the more traditional ones such as transplanting without puddling and wet-seeding.

One of the most fundamental challenges in the development of mechanization is identifying systems that can best balance the economic, social, and environmental aspects of sustainability and minimize environmental damage whilst maximizing economic and social benefits. Using the framework for sustainable mechanization will not only accomplish sustainable goals in identifying the optimum agricultural mechanization level, but it will also allow researchers and implementers in the agricultural sector to examine the outcome of various scenarios under different constraints. This framework can be used to find the optimal model for mechanization of all stages of tillage, planting, harvesting, and post-harvest in diverse geographical areas.

Today, the number of diesel engines is increasing due to their high efficiency and low greenhouse gases. In the present study, the effect of adding nano cellulose as nanoparticles to diesel fuel on the performance parameters and emissions of diesel engine was investigated. Nano cellulose was provided by the Nano Novin Company in Sari. Nano cellulose values were considered at 3 levels of zero, 25 ppm and 75 ppm. Also, the tests were performed at 3 engine speed of 1600, 2000 and 2400 rpm in full load mode.

In this study, nanocellulose was used as nanoparticles to add to diesel and to evaluate the performance and emission parameters of the engine. To prevent the deposition of nano cellulose in diesel fuel, jelly type nano cellulose was used. The samples were named after adding different amounts of nano cellulose, abbreviated D100N0, D100N25 and D100N75. D100 means 100% pure diesel and N means different amounts of nano cellulose with different amounts. Ultrasound was used to obtain homogeneous samples. About 3 liters were prepared from each sample so that it could be used for at least 3 repetitions. The required tests were performed at three different speeds of 1600, 2000 and 2400 rpm in full load mode. The necessary equipment was used to measure the performance parameters and air emissions, including diesel engine connected to the dynamometer, emissions measuring device, fuel system and control room (to apply the load and provide conditions for each treatment and data collection). The air-cooled, four-stroke, compression-ignition single-cylinder engine made by the Italian company Lombardini was used. The D400 eddy current dynamometer made in Germany was used. The ability to measure power by this dynamometer is a maximum of 21 hp, a maximum speed of 10,000 rpm and a maximum torque of 80 N.m. To measure of emissions, the MAHA MGT5 emissions meter was used. This device is able to measure the values of CO, CO2, NOX, O2 and UHC.

The results showed that increasing engine speed in all fuel combinations increased engine power, specific fuel consumption, carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons and decreased torque. Also, increasing the amount of nano cellulose per engine speed increased the amount of power and torque, but reduced the specific fuel consumption, carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons. The amount of NOX increased with increasing engine speed, but at each engine speed the addition of 25 ppm nanocellulose to pure diesel significantly increased the amount of NOX. But at low speed, increasing 75 ppm nanocellulose to pure diesel reduced the amount of NOX.

The results of this study showed that the addition of nano cellulose as nanoparticles can improve the performance of diesel engines and also reduce the amount of emissions gases emitted from the engine. The results also showed that increasing 25ppm nanocellulose had a greater effect on engine performance. But to reduce the amount of emissions, 75 ppm nanocellulose was better.

Today, diesel engines provide the main power source for the world equipment e.g., common propulsion generators in industry and agriculture. These engines are widely used due to their high combustion efficiency, reliability, compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. However, diesel engines are one of the most critical consumers of fuel which in turn causes some environmental pollution. One of the convenient and low-cost ways to reduce the pollution of these engines is dual-fuel mode and the use of gaseous fuels as an alternative fuel. This study investigated the effect of blending CNG and LPG with neat diesel in dual-fuel mode. Besides, the variation in engine coolant temperature on engine performance characteristics was experimentally studied.

The experimental apparatus consisted of a stationary, four-stroke, naturally aspirated, water-cooled, single-cylinder compression ignition engine. To control the engine load, an electrical dynamometer was made using a 7.5 kW three-phase generator and coupled to the engine as a cradle. A load cell was used to determine the force applied to the generator. The engine speed was monitored continuously by a tachometer. Fuel consumption was measured by using a weight method. A thermostat with variable temperature was used to control the temperature of the engine coolant. To measure the mass flow of air entering the cylinder, an airbox with a sharp edge orifice was used. For this study, factorial experiments in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications were utilized to analyze the data statistically. The studied parameters were three levels of fuel ratio (100% diesel, 20% diesel and 80%± 2% CNG, 20% diesel and 80%±2% LPG), 11 engine speeds (1500 to 1600 rpm with 10 rpm intervals), and three engine coolant temperatures (50, 60, and 70 °C). All experiments were conducted in the governor control mode.

The results showed that the torque, brake power and brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) in the diesel-CNG mode at all engine speeds and in the diesel-LPG mode at low engine speeds significantly increased compared to pure diesel. The increases in these parameters in the diesel-CNG mode were 18.67%, 19.56% and 19.85%, and in the diesel-LPG mode were 14.02%, 13.86% and 14.2%, compared to those related to the pure diesel, respectively. This increase could be due to the high calorific value of gas fuels and improvement of combustion inside the cylinder due to the formation of homogeneous charge. At low engine speeds, the reductions in the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) for coolant temperature 60 °C were 11.21% and 10.77%, compared to coolant temperature 50 °C, respectively. Also, the BSFC and BSEC for diesel-CNG dual-fuel mode decreased by 8.12% and 10.81%, respectively. These values for the diesel-LPG dual-fuel mode were 5.4% and 2.4%, respectively. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) also showed a significant increase at high speeds and when using the dual-fuel operational mode. However, raising the coolant temperature due to reducing the heat losses of the engine increased the BTE. The increases in BTE for coolant temperatures 60 and 70 °C were 7.19% and 4.37%, compared to the coolant temperature of 50 °C, respectively. When using the engine in dual-fuel mode, the volumetric efficiency due to reducing the air ratio showed a significant reduction. These diesel-CNG and diesel-LPG dual-fuel mode values were 20.31% and 24%, respectively. Furthermore, raising the coolant temperature diminished the volumetric efficiency. The reduction in volumetric efficiency for the coolant temperatures of 60 °C and 70 °C were 6.84% and 19.91% compared to the coolant temperature of 50 °C, respectively.

The following conclusions can be deduced based on this study:The use of gaseous fuels as the main fuel and with a small amount of diesel in compression ignition engines is possible and improves the engine's performance characteristics.In the diesel-CNG mode, torque, brake power and BMEP at all engine speeds and in the diesel-LPG mode at low engine speeds significantly increased compared to pure diesel because of improved combustion inside the cylinder.At low engine speeds, increasing the coolant temperature reduced the BSFC and BSEC. Also, in the dual-fuel mode compared to the engine with baseline diesel fuel, the BSFC and BSEC were significantly lower due to the higher calorific value of gaseous fuels and higher power generation.The BTE at high engine speeds and when the engine was in dual-fuel mode showed a significant increase. Also, increasing the coolant temperature due to reducing the heat losses of the engine increased the BTE.When using the engine in the dual-fuel mode, due to the volume of air replaced by the gas, the volumetric efficiency showed a significant reduction. Also, raising the coolant temperature diminished the volumetric efficiency.Overall, it can be stated that the use of a diesel-CNG dual-fuel mode with a coolant temperature of 60 °C at entire engine speeds has the best outputs on the performance and combustion characteristics of the engine.

Almost 18 percent of emitted greenhouse gasses in Iran come from livestock industries, especially from manure decomposition. With the anaerobic digestion of animal wastes, in addition to eliminating its disadvantages, biogas as a clean and renewable energy carrier is produced. In addition, the resulting sludge is a more healthy and nutritious fertilizer for use in agriculture. One of the challenges of the bio-gas industry is to increase gas production efficiency. Various approaches are proposed to enhance manure digestion efficiency and increase biogas production, which can be mentioned below: Changing operating parameters such as temperature, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and particle size of the substrate; adding some effective additives; returning the resulting sludge into the digestion process and using bio-filters. Therefore in this study, in order to increase biogas production from poultry manure, two methods (co-digestion with rumen contents, and chicken intestine and its contents, and returning the slurry into the reactor) were tested. The alkaline composition of chicken manure and its high content of ammonia makes it difficult to digest alone, and co-digestion with high-carbon organic matter improves its digestibility.

Polyethylene bottles were used as batch reactor units. In order to the possibility of gas exit, as well as taking samples of the digester, two valves were placed on the bottle cap. All digesters were placed in a hot water bath and a 700 watts electric heater and a thermostat were used respectively to supply heat and to keep the temperature constant. A U-shaped tube, connected to the reactor output pipe was used to measure the amount of produced gas. The volume of water removed from the tube was an indicator of produced gas. The experiment was carried out in two stages. In the first stage 21 reactors were used according to the design of the experiment which was a completely randomized design with 7 treatments (adding rumen fluid in three levels (10, 20, and 30 percent of chicken manure (weight basis), respectively), adding chicken intestines and its content in three levels (10, 20, and 30 percent of chicken manure (weight basis), respectively), and control treatment), and three replicates of each treatment. During the whole experiment period, the pH and temperature were kept constant, respectively between 7.2-8.2 and 40-35 °C (mesophilic range). In the second stage of the experiment, after all the treatments reached the end of their hydraulic retention time, the resulting sludge was filtered and the liquid part was returned to the cycle. Three treatments were also provided here (supplying 50% of the water required by sludge liquid, supplying 100% of the water required by sludge liquid, and control treatment (no liquefied sludge).

Based on the results, although the type of organic supplementation had a significant effect on the amount of biogas production, the quantity of them had not. Treatments of chicken manure + 20%, 30%, and 10% of chicken intestines resulted in the highest amount of biogas production, respectively. But these three treatments were not significantly different. Also, the co-digestion of chicken manure with chicken intestines was more effective than the co-digestion of chicken manure with rumen fluid. The return of sludge, resulted from anaerobic digestion of chicken manure, again into the cycle, in addition to enhancing the amount of produced gas, can reduce the waiting time to start gas production by at least six days (in the treatment of providing 100% of required water from returned sludge). This can lead to continuous gas production and availability of sufficient gas in commercial gas-producing units. The effect of treatments on the time of reaching the cumulative gas production index to 100 mm was significant (α= 5%) and treatment of S100 reduced this duration by approximately 17 days (65%) and S50, for approximately 16 days (74%). 

According to the results of this study, co-digestion of chicken manure with cow rumen fluid did not have a significant effect on the increase of biogas production, but co-digestion of chicken manure with chicken intestine and its contents (at least by 20% of chicken manure (weight basis)) can have a significant effect on the increase in the production of biogas and can increase the amount of gas at least twice. The highest amount of gas volume was about 305 Ml.gr-1  VSadded and came from the treatment of co-digestion of chicken manure with 20% (weight base) chicken intestine and its contents. The return of the resulting sludge of anaerobic digestion of chicken manure, back into the cycle, in addition to increasing the amount of gas, can minimize the time it takes to start to produce gas and help to produce gas continuously. Moreover, the water used for digestion will also be significantly reduced (at least 50%).

Dielectric Barrier discharge (DBD) is a suitable method to generating Non-thermal plasma at atmospheric pressure, which utilizes Pulsed power supplies as exciters. Increasing pulse voltage range and frequency and compactness are important issues that should be taking into consideration.

The high voltage pulse generators which are introduced in the literature have some disadvantages and complexities such as need of additional winding to reset the transformer core and operating under hard switching which increases electromagnetic noise and loss. The leakage inductance of the high voltage transformer increases the rise time of the pulse which is undesirable for DBD applications. The energy stored in the leakage inductance causes the voltage spike across the switch, witch necessitates the use of snubber circuits. The main contribution of this paper is a new high voltage pulse generator with the following characteristics, 1) a capacitor is paralleled with the main switch to reset the transformer core and to provide the soft switching condition for the switch. 2) The resonant charging technique is used which doubles the secondary winding voltage which reduces the turns ratio of high voltage transformer for a certain output pulse peak. 3) The sharpening circuit using magnetic switch produces a sharp high voltage pulse.

The proposed high voltage pulse generator is designed and simulated using Pspice software. To verify the theoretical results,  a prototype with the input voltage 48 V, the output voltage pulse 1.5 kV, and the rise time of the output pulse 50 ns is constructed and tested.

This paper proposes a new pulse generator (PG). The proposed PG uses three techniques named forward, resonant charging, and magnetic switch to produce a high-voltage nanosecond pulse. The resonant charging double the secondary voltage of the pulse transformer, which causes reduction in turn ratio of the pulse transformer and decreases the weigh, volume, and price of the PT. The magnetic switch section finally produces a nanosecond high-voltage pulse. The magnitude of the output pulse can be varied using the input source voltage, the MS reset current and the duty cycle. The core of the pulse transformer resets by using a capacitor paralleled with the switch and the PG does not need any additional reset winding like the conventional DC-DC forward converter.  

The study of physicochemical and mechanical characteristics of sunflower seeds are important when the designing of control equipment’s, transportation, processing, and product storage are concerned. In this study, physicochemical and mechanical characteristics of four varieties of confectionary sunflower seeds were evaluated. Some of the assessed physicochemical and mechanical properties include: the content of total ash, fat, and minerals and also the mean length, width, thickness, diameter, sphericity, surface area, volume, 1000-grain weight, angle of repose, porosity, particle density and bulk density, hull and kernel percentage, coefficient of friction surface and axial compression test. The results showed that the highest amount of fat content (48%) and potassium content (76.639 mg per kg) were found in  sample number 3; and highest amount of  ash content (3.83%) and sodium content (25.318 mg per kg) were found in sample number 4. Physical properties of sunflower seeds were studied in five moisture content levels of 4% to 32% (based on dry basis weight). The results reaealed increasing trend in length, width, thickness, sphericity, geometric and arithmetic mean diameter, surface area, volume, 1000-grain weight, angle of repose, porosity and density upon increasing moisture content; while, bulk density decreased. The coefficient of static friction of all seeds at glass, chipboard, galvanized, and aluminum surfaces increased with the increase in moisture content. When the moisture content increased from 4 to 32 percent, the highest increase in the coefficient of static friction was observed in sample number 3 with aluminum surface and the lowest increase in the coefficient of static friction was observed in sample number 1 with glass surface. Based on results obtained from the axial compression test, the vertical loading force was found to be more than that the horizontal loading force and in all samples, the total vertical and horizontal loading forces were decreased by increasing the moisture content.

The emissions of three new species of biodiesel (Common sage, Rosmarinus officinalis and Mentha oil) and their combustion performance in a diesel engine were investigated. The results show that by increasing the ratio of biodiesel mixed with diesel fuel, the amount of torque decreases with increasing engine speed, and the closest results to diesel fuel are related to common sage biodiesel. common sage biodiesel showed that the power produced is 1 to 2% higher than other biodiesels. The highest specific brake fuel consumption was observed in mint biodiesel. The outgoing gas temperature for common sage is between 1 and 3% lower than the other two types of biodiesel. All biodiesels reduced nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide. The highest rate of reduction in soot turbidity was 85%, in the case of common sage biodiesel.

The goal of this study is to present the structural relationship pattern between psychological capital and national identity mediated by self-efficacy, social competence and civic culture of female students in secondary high schools in Marand by using a correlational approach. The population consisted of all female students in secondary high schools (n=2252). Morgan table was used to determine the sample size. The number of participants was 330 students. In the present study, cluster sampling was used to sampling. The instruments included three standardized questionnaires: the national identity measurement questionnaire of Lotfabadi, the psychology capital questionnaire of Lutanz (PCQ) and civic culture questionnaire of Hemmati and Ahmadi. The results showed that social competence has significant effect on national identity mediated by civic culture. Psychological capital has not significant effect on national identity mediated by self-efficacy. Psychological capital has not significant effect on national identity. Psychological capital has significant effect on national identity mediated by social competence.

Debris and the smear layer that remain after root canal preparations may result in failure of root canal therapies. The aim of this study was to compare the smear layer formation and the amount of residual debris following the use of WaveOne and ProTaper rotary files in mesiobuccal root canals of upper first molars by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this experimental study, 34 mesiobuccal root canals of human maxillary first molars with 20°-40° curvatures (according to Schneider technique) were randomly distributed in two experimental groups (15 each) and two control groups. The canals in test groups were instrumented according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Five ml of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 5 ml of normal saline were used as irrigants. The roots were split longitudinally, and apical, middle, and coronal radicular sections were randomly scanned by an SEM at ×1000 magnification. Two endodontists scored the data according to Schäfer and Schlingemann scoring system. Data of the amount of debris and smear layer were separately analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. Although there was a slight difference in mean scores between the two groups (3.28 for WaveOne and 3.6 for ProTaper), no significant differences in debris amount were noted. The overall mean smear layer formation was not significantly different between the two groups (4.11 for WaveOne and 3.95 for ProTaper). There was no significant difference in remaining debris and smear layer in coronal, middle, and apical parts of root canals. However, ProTaper system appeared to produce less debris during preparation.

Background and

In researches done in Iran on IDS, it was recognized as one of the most widespread and costliest digestive diseases has remarkably influenced the quality of life on different people. In modern medicine its exact cause is not known but distinct criteria for recognition and treatment are presented. Prevalent treatments are palliative and several instances show a rise in tendency towards complementary and alternative medicine. In Iranian traditional medicine, numerous diseases with certain etiologies and in Chinese medicine numerous diagnostic patterns corresponding to this syndrome exist and treatment plans are presented adequately. The objective of this article is to study medical texts again and to check the possibility of adaptation and finding the etiological equivalents, therapy symptoms and its corresponding measures in modern medicine and presenting a consolidated approach and executing joint research in order to clarify a part of the mechanism which causes the disease and its effective cure.

This article is a review study in which information collection took place through searching the internet, articles and related books without any time limits and by using keywords. Then it compares, analyzes and adapts the contents of the article and finally it gathers the information and makes a conclusion.

The scientific capability of the Chinese and Iranian with all their cultural and scientific aspects in common, along with the medical and diagnostic capacities of the modern medicine in IDS can design a new pattern for diagnosis and cure. The consolidated approach and joint research is suggested for clarifying some hidden aspects of this syndrome and its cure.

In this study, the modification of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) with a cationic surfactant (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, CTAB) and its application for removal of Direct Blue 86 (DB86) was investigated. The raw and functionalized samples were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The influence of operational parameters such as adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration and pH were studied at 25oC. Understanding the mechanism of the adsorption, Langmuir and Freundlich models were used. The results indicate that the data for adsorption of DB86 onto raw and modified carbon nanotubes fitted well to Langmuir isotherm. The Langmuir adsorption capacities of raw and modified carbon nanotube for DB86 were established as 69.93 and 149.25 mg/g, respectively. Pseudo first and second-order models were adopted to evaluate data and elucidate the kinetic adsorption process. The rates of sorption were found to conform to pseudo-second order kinetic with good correlation. The adsorption experiments indicated that the capacity of modified carbon nanotubes is more significant than raw carbon nanotubes, thus it could be used as an effective adsorbent for removing anionic dyes from textile waste waters. J. Color Sci. Tech. 7(2013), 103-112©. Institute for Color Science and Technology

In this paper, the oxidation of dyes from colored textile wastewater by activated carbon (AC)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was investigated. Reactive Red 198 (RR198) and Reactive Black 5 (RB5) were used as model dyes. The surface characteristics of AC were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dye oxidation by AC/H2O2 was studied using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Ion chromatography (IC). The effects of AC dosage, initial dye concentration, pH and salt on dye oxidation were investigated. Kinetics analysis indicated that the dye oxidation rates could be approximated at pseudo-second order model. Formate anion was detected as dominant aliphatic intermediate. Results indicated that the AC/H2O2 could be used as an eco-friendly material to degrade dyes from colored wastewater.

The purpose of this study was to compare the functions of selective and shifting attention in children and adolescents with developmental stuttering with their normal peers.

A comparative – cross / sectional study was designed where 30 school students were selected based on accessibility. These were selected from 11 boys’ and girl’ high schools in the town of Shahriar in Alborz Province, west of Tehran. The population comprised of 10508 students. An expert speech therapist diagnosed students and participants were divided into two groups of developmental stuttering (n=15) and non-developmental stuttering (n=15). The Wisconsin Cards (Grant & Berg, 1948) and the Stroop Test (Macleod, 1996) were administered as neuropsychological assessment. Data was analyzed using t - test.

Findings showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in functions of selective and shifting attention. In comparison with the normal group, the stuttering group had deficits in attentional functions.

With a better understanding of attentional functions of stuttering individuals as an important cognitive variables, we can take a step toward recognizing cognitive vulnerability of disorder. These findings suggest that intervention programs for children with developmental stuttering should pay attention to cognitive deficits prior to speech interventions. Cognitive deficits should be eliminated using neuropsychological implements. With the advances made in the neurological basis of speech. It is suggested that intervention at this level will be most useful in reducing the severity of speech problems.

The rate of burnout may be high in unfertilized women, since there is little known about it, we designed a study to compare "couple burnout" between fertilized and unfertilized women in Tehran, Iran.

All (60 women) referred unfertilized women to reproductive center of Imam Khomeini teaching hospital were included in our study during 2009 year. By systematic random sampling we recruited 60 unfertilized women as control group. Couple Burnout’s specific questionnaire was filled up by participants.

Unfertilized women experienced higher levels of couple burnout compared to fertilized cases (P<0.001). Furthermore unfertilized women with higher education showed an elevated rate of couple burnout than women with lower educational status (P=0.002).

In management of unfertilized families, "couple burnout" is an important underlying factor that should be considered in infertility treatment in primary health care system.