h. bakhshi

With the onset of colonialism in the world, which was accompanied by the industrial and technological advances of the West and then its military and weapons superiority, many reactions took place in the colonized countries; One of the most important reactions against the colonialists took place in the world of poetry and literature, and the freethinking poets of these nations reflected on the aggressions and crimes of the colonialists. Persian poetry of the constitutional era was also very active in this field and the poets of this period entered the field of anti-colonial struggles with a great sense of commitment to their people and their land. In this research, we have tried to study the important works and encounters of the poets of this period with the phenomenon of colonialism by studying the important works of Persian poetry of the constitutional era.

Our method in this research is based on library study and descriptive-analytical method.

An examination of the poetry of this period shows that the poets of this period dealt with the issue of colonization in eight major ways: Orientalism, Critique of the West and Western Civilization, Sanctions on Western Goods, Colonialism, Critique of Colonialism, Epicism, Nationalism, and Islamic Unity.

The poets of the constitutional era did not use the above methods in the same way; Some have been paid more, and some less, and this goes back to the power and conditions in Iran at that time.