h. mehdizadeh

Although women, especially rural women, play an important role in the development of developing countries; But unfortunately, not much attention is paid to their problems and economic activities. In this regard, rural women microcredit funds can provide a platform for the development of social entrepreneurship and thus solve the problems of rural women; therefore, paying attention to the development of social entrepreneurship activities in the form of rural women micro-credit funds is of great importance and necessity. The aim of this study was to designing a model for the development of social entrepreneurship among the rural women member of microfinance funds in Ivan Township. This research was qualitative in terms of paradigm and applied in terms of purpose, which was done using grounded theory. The study statistical population includes experts in the field of entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship and managers and women members of rural microfinance funds in Ivan Township. The studied samples were first selected purposefully and then selected as a theoretical sample. After 19 interviews, theoretical saturation was obtained. In order to analyze the data, open, axial and selective coding were performed. The findings showed that knowledge and information, personal turmoil, social capital, social responsibility, role modeling, psychological characteristics, social awareness, the nature of microcredit funds and demographic were the components of model of social entrepreneurship development among rural women. Result showed that social entrepreneurship development strategies among rural women microcredit funds including economic support, educational support, financial-supportive policies, modeling and team building were effective.

this study is carried out to investigate the effect of application of computer-assisted concept mapping on high school students’ immediate and long-term geology learning compared to conventional (Paper & pen) method. “pretest-post-test” semi experimental design with control group has been used at the study. Two classes of G11 grade students were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Participants in Experimental group were asked to create several concept-maps with use of C-map software on Geology topics and students in control group were asked to do the same with conventional (Paper & Pen) method of concept mapping. After performing pre-test, students in both groups were asked to create concept map diagrams for 6 sessions (2 hours length), and then immediately the first post-test and after three weeks the second post-test were performed to assess their immediate and long-term learning on geology concepts and topics. Three teacher-made tests each contain 25 questions were used to assess students’ learning. The cronbach alpha reliability coefficient was 0.79. Analysis of covariance and t-test were performed to analyze the data. Results revealed that the mean scores of both students’ immediate and long-term learning in experimental group were significantly higher than the control group. Considering Eta square coefficient indicates that implementing computer-assisted concept mapping in geology education can account for 33 percent of students’ immediate and 49 percent of their longterm learning. It can be concluded that computer-assisted mapping can improve students’ learning.

The main purpose of this paper is identification and determination effects of the using education by argumentation maps on improvement the average grades of the Critical thought in the students. This research ‎is modeled in a multi-group semi-experimental project with pre and post examination. Data of ‎done this project، in order to consideration the rate of think and logic testing’s، the test is done ‎using Watson Glaser Critical thought. The sample of research was ‎included of the 60 girls and 60 boys students at EIVAN Township have been done، who are studying in ‎the second grade in guidance school at academic year 89-90. In ‎part of the four groups is considered، which are selected using random sampling from students ‎in the second grade of guidance school. Thence forth the experimentally group during ‎‎7convocation 90 minutes’ by using argumentation maps was exposed on the experiments and ‎responsibilities learning. After two weeks the end of the project، the Critical thinking from all ‎testing’s is done again. The data of research are briefed and classified using qualified statistically ‎index such as: average، variance، amplitude and percent of amplitude. Then the assumptions of ‎research are analyzed using test (t)، variance and covariance analyses. The analyses of the ‎obtained data shown that carrying out of the argumentation maps in the class at science subjects ‎are more effective on increment of the grad averages of Critical thought for girls and ‎ boys students.‎

Background and

Ïn hospitals or the other health service centers which deal with the life of the human resources who are the main economical resources, the main required information for planning and effective decision making are provided to managers by Medical Record Department in format and chart. This study was designed and performed in order to determine the rate of Medical record knowledge of the Managers in hospitals and the other health service centers under studying.

This study was descriptive and done on 24 and 12 managers from Mazandaran and Golestan provinces respectively. The data were collected in closed and open questionnaires filled by the managers.

This study showed that 10.15 (66.6%) managers of educational- treatment centers and 12.9 (90.4%) managers of treatment centers had weak or very less knowledge of Medical record, but the rate of the knowledge of the managers in Ëducational-Treatment centers was more than in treatment centers. The data were analyzed by X2 test which showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05). 31.36 (86%) of the managers had non-management Üniversity degree. 5.36(13.8%) of managers had management Üniversity degree, but none of hospital management. The jop service of 26.36 (72.1%) and management experience of 29.39 (80.5) of the managers was one to two years. 5.36 (13.8%) of them were diploma or completed two-year university course and the rest had bachelor degree or higher. 19.34 (55.8%) of the administrators Medical record had diploma or under diploma. The main inefficiency of medical record was due to ignorance of the physicians and paramedical staff. Ând the main reson of unestablished medical record committee in these two stats was due to no request from the medical record administrators. Çonclusion: For inhancing the optimization of hospital it is better to appoint those who are qualified in general management or hospital management and also the selected managers attend different workshop, and the present managers abserne different short courses on medical record subject. Ïn order to increase the efficiency of medical record in order to receive proper records the medical record staff preferably be selected from the bachelor degreee or the higher.