h. shafi

Genitourinary neurofibroma is a benign nerve sheath tumor commonly found in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. This disease is very rare and can appear in all urinary tracts. Considering the rarity of neurofibromatosis of the bladder, the present case report is introduced with the aim of showing the importance of this pathology.

The patient is a 25-year-old man who visited the urology clinic last month due to hematuria. The patient did not mention any other clinical symptoms. An ultrasound was requested for the patient, and a mass was reported in the bladder. The patient underwent mass resection through the urethra. In the pathological and immunohistochemical studies, the patient was diagnosed with neurofibromatosis. The general condition of the patient after surgery is good and the patient's symptoms are resolved.

According to the results of this study, the patient was symptomatic and had a mass in the bladder on ultrasound. Due to the lack of a previous diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 for the patient and the lack of a definite diagnosis about the type of mass, the best treatment approach is surgery and complete removal of the mass. After the final diagnosis based on histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations, the best approach is to follow up the patient with imaging.

Testicular cancer is almost the only common genitourinary tract cancer at a young age. One of the risk factors for testicular tumors is undescended testicles. If testicular fixation is corrected in the normal position, the probability of testicular cancer decreases in the undescended testicle before puberty, but it does not disappear, and the patient should be examined for a long time. The purpose of this case report is to introduce a patient who, despite undergoing orchidopexy, has developed asynchronous bilateral testicular cancer, which shows the importance of long-term follow-up in people with a history of undescended testicles.

 The patient was a 54-year-old man with a history of congenital bilateral undescended testicles, infertile, and orchidopexy surgery in childhood and a history of classic seminoma in the left testicle four years ago. Again, in periodic follow-ups and examination of the right testicle, a mass in the right testicle was touched, which showed malignant changes in the ultrasound. Serum levels of testicular markers were normal. According to the sonographic findings, examinations and patient records, the patient underwent radical right testicular orchidectomy. Classic seminoma was reported in the results of right testicle pathology, and in further examinations, no evidence of metastasis was seen. The patient is currently undergoing follow-up and postoperative chemotherapy.

According to the results of this case reported in patients with intangible testicles, especially bilateral, long-term follow-up is necessary for asynchronous bilateral testicular cancer.

Prostate cancer is the most common form of malignancy among men. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is used to screen for prostate cancer and may vary depending on different factors, such as age. This study aimed to investigate the cut-off value for PSA in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with prostate biopsy diagnosis undergoing transrectal ultrasound during 2011-2014. Data collection was performed using prepared checklists.

In total, 422 patients were enrolled in this study, 180 of whom (42.7%) were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma, and 242 (57.3%) had benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Mean age of the patients was 63.03±9.62 years, and the mean PSA was 27.95±64.44 ng/ml. The mean of PSA in patients over 51 years was 28.66±65.51 ng/ml, which was significantly higher than the values of the patients under 50 years of age (p=0.005).

According to the results of this study, the risk of prostate cancer was higher in the men within the age range of 60-80 years. In addition, patients with PSA levels of 10-20 ng/mL need to be fully screened for prostate cancer.