h.r. heydari

The Shiraz oil refinery was constructed in 1973, about 20 kilometers north of Shiraz city. The aquifer in the refinery area and its surrounding lands serves as a significant source of water for industrial and agricultural purposes in the region. This study investigates the hydrochemistry and influencing processes on groundwater chemistry in the area through sampling and analysis conducted in December 2021 and September 2022. Water temperature in the samples ranged from 19.1 to 25°C. The acidity of the samples showed little variation, ranging from 7.5 to 8.8. The electrical conductivity of the samples ranged from 321.7 to 2346 microsiemens per centimeter. Based on the Piper diagram, the dominant water types were calcium bicarbonate and calcium sulfate. The Pearson matrix showed strong positive correlations between cations and chloride ions, and negative correlations between bicarbonate and sulfate ions. The Gibbs diagram indicated water-rock interaction as the primary process influencing the groundwater chemistry of the region. Ionic and compositional ratio diagrams also suggested the dissolution of carbonate minerals and, to a lesser extent, evaporite minerals as the most important factors affecting the water chemistry of the area. The decrease in sulfate concentration in the water may be due to the activity of soil microorganisms in degrading hydrocarbon contamination.

Ratcheting is known as the accumulation of plastic strains resulting from cyclic loadings. In this research، the simulation of a S275 carbon steel sheet's behavior subjected to cyclic thermal loading and axial load has been investigated. This analysis was performed using the finite element method and employing Ansys Parametric Design Language (APDL). This study investigates the Bree diagram and simulates the behaviors specified in this diagram concerning temperature and pressure parameters. According to the results، it turned out that the ratchet strain is always larger in the first cycles than in subsequent cycles. Nevertheless، the plastic strain during cyclic thermal load is equal to the plastic strain while removing the cyclic thermal load in the plastic area. In the shakedown area، after the first plastic strain، elastic behavior occurs in the sheet. Finally، it was found that Bree's diagram has a unique application in predicting the behavior of different types of sheets، and sheets with any dimensions and material can be used to study the behavior of shakedown، ratcheting، elasticity، and plasticity.

To investigate the effects of different nitrogen sources including ammonium nitrate, asparagine, and glutamine in five concentrations of 0, 50, 100,150, and 200 mg l-1 on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five repliacations. The indices including plant height, shooting rate, number of leaves, necrotic leaf size, chlorophylls a, b, and total chlorophyll content, and the content of carotenoids, phenols, and flavonoids were measured. The results showed that the nitrogen sources significantly (P≤0.01) affected the all measured indices except the necrotic leaf size. The results of means comparison showed that the highest shooting rate and number of leaves were obtained at 100 mg l-1 of glutamine and asparagine and the highest plant height was obtained at 200 mg l-1 of ammonium nitrate. Also, the highest amount of photosynthetic pigments was obtained at 50 mg l-1 of asparagine and the highest amount of phenols and flavonoids was related to 200 mg l-1 of glutamine. In general, the results showed that the various nitrogen sources studied could positively and significantly improve the morphological and physiological characteristics of rosemary under in vitro conditions.