فهرست مطالب haeideh khamseh

The art of glassmaking in Iran, with a glorious historical background, visual richness and unparalleled beauty reached its peak of prosperity in different historical periods. Safavid and the Qajar era are among the brilliant periods of Iranian art, which in many fields, was the continuation of the Timurid golden age. These works include the most outstanding examples of court objects, they include the most mundane objects and household utensils produced in workshops, which in each of these two groups, depending on the social class of their patrons and creators, have unique features. One of the unique glassmaking in that era was the production of scent-bottle. The root of the word "perfume" is derived from the Latin word "perfume" and means "passing smell". Scent-Bottles were containers that kept all kinds of perfumes (oily liquid, perfumes, and even pharmaceuticals) in it. Iran is one of the most important centers for the production of glass perfume bottles; however, no research has been done in this field. In this research, while taking a brief look at the historical background of glass production and its manufacturing technique, the form and motifs of Iran's glass perfume bottles have been examined and their manufacturing technique, shape, size and decorative motifs have been studied. The research method is historical-analytical and the purpose is to examine the differences and similarities of perfume bottles in different historical periods, and finally the results proved that there are fundamental differences between perfume bottles through different historical periods in Iran.

one of the main areas of mysticism in eastern Iran and the land of Khorasan. the buildings of this collection , with respect to religion and government , over time and from the seventh century A.H until the Qajar era , around the Tomb of sheikh-e Jam ( 441 - 536 ), one of the mysticisms of the 5th and 7 century A.H was formed and mirrors are represented in Iranian - Islamic art. Among the monuments of the complex, Gonbadkhaneh to focus on the formation of decorations, And the existence of an inscription in the Creation Time -narrative concept At the time of the " Al-e Kart kings " period , at the time of the late Ilkhanid rulers, It has a special study area where the Authors Aim of this study survey, analyze, and comprehensive explicate this inscription in order to achieve architectural chronology Further recognition of Gonbadkhaneh in terms of construction periods and artistic interpretation has been the decorative patterns of this work. According to this research, Gonbadkhaneh inscription is one of the few rare and historical monuments of Al-e kart inscriptions, with regard to the type of document, historical hierarchy, and narrative in terms of semantics and concept, the first known inscription in the Islamic architecture of Iran, with historical - narrative nature. This research has been done to answer these questions: (1) the text of the inscription on which historical, political, religious and religious themes are important. (2) Which Archetype Iranian - Islamic pattern can be addressed in decorating this inscription? the method in this research is descriptive - analytical and in addition to documents and field studies, the application of Iconographic method in order to examine the archetypes of array as a part of cultural component and scrutiny in artistic creation and utilizing laboratory analyses in order to determine the nature of color used in inscriptions and changes and chemical effects in them. The result of the research proved the fact that Gonbadkhaneh inscriptions in addition to the decorative usage in this building, including political, religious, initial history in the form of mysterious and a narrative of the founders of the renewal of this building is that the fields and its margins are decorated with archetypes derived from Iranian art.

The most significant work of Iranian civilization in the Islamic era, as the tallest brick dome in the world, is 700 years old, which shows its greatness and stability in the vast plain of windy weather with harsh climate. The secret of the stability of this building among the air currents resulting from the geography of the region is undoubtedly the use of fully engineered structures based on aerodynamics in its architecture, which is used today for the endurance and stability of buildings in civil structures. The present study has based on the damages and erosions caused by air currents and climatic conditions on the Soltanieh building. The research method used in this article is descriptive-analytical with laboratory and library studies. The method and tools used are review of written documents, field and laboratory studies. The results indicate that the selection of nested porches on the upper floor of the building in an octagonal design in the direction of the prevailing wind in the area and the presence of a window on each side of the porch is designed based on climate, air resistance and its effects. Research objectives• The position of fluid engineering in the tallest brick dome in the world (Soltanieh dome)• Familiarity with.Research questions• What is the position of fluid engineering in the tallest brick dome in the world (Soltanieh dome)?• What is the familiarity with the appearance of the building and the considerations of the effect of atmospheric currents on it?

Tomb sites, due to the prominent construction features, execution methods and decorative elements, account for an important part of the Iranian architectural patterns in the Islamic period in the group of burial buildings. Regarding to the fundamental importance of these sites, from a scientific point of view, research in various dimensions of their formation and emergence and comprehensive study is of great importance. One of the most important structural issues of tomb sites is determining the exact date of construction and developments that have affected their structures over time. The complex of Sheikh Ahmad-e Jam, in the city of Torbat-e Jam, which was founded by the will or to advance the governmental and political goals of one of the Khorasan mystics in the fifth and sixth centuries AH, is among the magnificent works of Iranian architecture and one of the most valuable historical sites in Iran. This complex have reflected a full image of Iranian-Islamic art and over time, has been one of the major centers of mysticism and Sufism in eastern Iran and the land of Khorasan. Despite this position and importance, many architectural features and decorative arts in this complex are still unknown and neglected.Among the buildings in the complex of Sheikh Ahmad Jam’s tomb, the dome chamber or solitary room (a place for worship), besides having a mystical and spiritual virtue for his children and grandchildren, one of the most important features of this building is the existence of a unique credential-narrative inscription of Al-Kart kings of Herat and a figure named "Gheymus" in it, and on the other hand, the focus of decorative patterns in the form of murals, inscriptions and paintings in various designs, has doubled the importance of the dome chamber of Jam’s tomb. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate and explain the architectural components and elements of this building by examining the concept and semantics of their array patterns. This research was conducted with the ultimate goal of obtaining answers to following questions. (1) Is the building of the dome chamber the same plain monastery of Sheikh Ahmad Jam, which was renovated by Sultan Sanjar after his death? (2) What justifies the existence of inscriptions and decorative elements in the interior space and their special concept and meaning? (3) Were the inscriptions and images written and drawn at the same period of time? However, in order to scientifically answer these questions, the research method and data collection of this study are based on documents and records, field studies and of laboratory tests and its approach is descriptive, comparative and interpretive analysis.

The Complex of Sheikh Ahmad-e Jam tomb has been among the great works of Iranian architecture over time, one of the main areas of mysticism and Sufism in eastern Iran and the land of Khorasan. This importance has been due to the charismatic personality of Sheikh-e Jam and his descendants, who play an important role in the prosperity of these buildings, especially in the 8th / 14th century and towards the Ilkhanid era. Despite the historical status, many architectural values have been neglected in connection with mysticism. Among the monuments in the tomb of Sheikh Ahmed-e Jam, the structure of the old Jame Mosque (Atigh Mosque), which has been affected by the architectural works of the eighth century A.H, who was the founder of the"Khajeh Radhi-aldin Ahmad" ; but far enough studies on historical cognition , architectural typology and comprehensive studies have not been conducted on this construct. The purpose of this study is to survey the paradigms of architecture and the stylistics of the Old Jaame Mosque and its decorative elements and compare the data using documents and evidence regarding restoration and reconstruction of the elements, from the archaeological point of view. Also, to recognize the structural patterns and function of the structure at the time of construction and accuracy in chronology. This research is fundamental in terms of purpose and has been done using a descriptive, analytical and comparative approach to collect data from library studies, observation and analysis of evidence. The results of the examinations and research with the archaeological approach to the old Jame Mosque, using remaining reports and documents restoration of the work, contained valuable structural points, in terms of its typology and history, which showed that Jame mosque was constructed differently from other monuments of the of Sheikh-e Jam Complex and with several applications in the first half of the 8th /14th century and has undergone spatial changes over time.