hamed abedtash

Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyya Ar-Razi (Rhazes), one of the greatest Persian Physician, Philosopher, polymath, alchemist, and encylopedist, has significant contributions to medical sciences. His ingenious innovations in medical sciences, from differential diagnosis of measles and smallpox to applying anesthesia sponge and discovery of Ethanol and pioneering for medicinal chemistry and pharmacy, have held his name in high esteem as an unforgettable icon in medical history. His relentless tendency toward criticism of other scholars—regardless to the reputation of them—might have helped medieval practitioner to unshackle them from zeitgeist of fundamentalism. Available literature was extracted from Scopus, Google scholar, Pubmed and Science Direct databases and Persian publications. Four characteristics have been extracted as distinguishing factors which have made Razi a prominent figure in his working fields. Briefly they can be defined as meticulousness in his medical practice, relentless endurance in pursuing scientific problems, believing in scientific criticism and his irrevocable commitment to medical ethics.

The essential oil, isolated by hydrodistillation from fresh flowers of Spartium junceum L. collected from medicinal plant garden in Shiraz faculty of pharmacy, near Shiraz, Fars, Iran, was investigated by Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method. The GC/MS analysis of the oil revealed the presence of 30 constituents, of which Linalool (26.18%), Tetradecanoic acid (22.83%), Camphor (13.50%), and Dodecanoic acid (13.09%) were the major, constituting altogether almost 75.60% of total composition. This is the first report of linalool as a major compound in S. junceum oil composition.For studying of 18S rRNA gene, genomic DNA content was extracted and PCR procedure was done. Sequence similarity searches were done using NCBI database and CLC sequence viewer software. The result of PCR blasted with other sequenced genes in NCBI showed 98 % similarity to the 18S small subunit rRNA of Pisum sativum (Fabaceae) and Phaseoleae environmental samples of Elev and Amb clones. The phylogenetic relationships among 71 previously reported sequences of ribosomal encoding genes from plants and this novel sequence was investigated too.