فهرست مطالب hamed molaabaszadeh

Campylobacter spp. are the common pathogens that infect human beings via food. These bacteria are vibrio and have been implicated in abortion. Serotyping is the best way for typing with Penner scheme. C. jejuni and C. coli have 65 serotypes. C. coli is common in birds and dogs. Due to high rate of prevalence of Campylobacter in red-meat, chicken-meat and egg-shell, a suitable method to detect their prevalence, the most common species and serotyping group was necessary. This article describes the prevalence of Campylobacter infection, common serotyping group in 330 samples of red- meat, hen-meat and egg-shell.
With three enrichment, selective Preston and Skirrow and filtration with membrane filters Campylobacter swere incubated. Bacterial species were identified with physiological and biochemical tests. Penner serotyping was defined with reference antiserum Ag-O and direct agglutination.
Prevalence of Campylobacter infection was 21(23%) in red meat, 33(27.5%) in hen meat and 38(31.6%) in eggshell. In egg-shell samples: C. jejuni 20, C. coli 14, C. lari 3 and C. concisus 1 case. In meat common Penner serotyping for C. jejuni O2 had the highest rate. In hen, common Penner serotyping: for C. jejuni O3 and in egg-shell for O1, O2 and O3 had the highest rate.
Most infection of campylobacter was found in egg-shell; most common species in these three samples were C. jejuni, then C. coli and C. lari. No C. consicus was found in meat but it was found in hen and egg-shells. In common Penner serotyping for C. jejuni O2 and O3 were the most common and for C. coli in meat O49 and in hen and eggshell O5 were the highest.

Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is one of the most important infection factors in mankind and also, by increasing the resistance of bacteria against chemical drugs and low side effects of herbal drugs, today the herbal ones are evaluated by researchers. The aim of the current study is considering the anti- bacterial aquatic and chloroformed effects of Allium Sativum on Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, first the aquatic and chloroformed extraction of Allium Sativum was prepared, then the MIC and MBC rates of extraction were calculated and the diameter of lack of growing areola of Staphylococcus aureus was measured in different attenuation of extraction. And also, the sensitivity of different anti- biotic was considered by Kirby/baur standardmethod and the results were analyzed by SPSS software, version 18 and Anova one-way statisticaltest. The chloroformed extraction with areola diameter average of lack of growing about 27±3% showed more powerful anti-bacterial effects than aquatic extraction with the average of 17±2% and the maximum rate of anti-bacterial sensitivity to Nafcillin was showed about 58.99 %. Although the medical usage of herbal extractions and essences is valuable for theirless side effects rather than common medical factors, but it should be done more studies about themechanism of ingredients of this plant on bacterial factors for the medical usage of anti-bacterialaquatic and chloroformed extraction of Allium Sativum.

E. coli bacteria is one of the most important infection factors in mankind and also، by increasing the resistance of bacteria against chemical drugs and low side effects of herbal drugs، today the herbal ones are evaluated by researchers. The aim of the current study is considering the anti- bacterial aquatic and chloroformed effects of Allium Sativum on E. coli. In this study، first the aquatic and chloroformed extraction of Allium Sativum was prepared، then the MIC and MBC rates of extraction were calculated and the diameter of lack of growing areola of E. coli was measured in different attenuation of extraction. And also، the sensitivity of different anti- biotic was considered by Kirby/baur standard method and the results were analyzed by SPSS software، version 18 and Anova one-way statistical test. The chloroformed extraction with areola diameter average of lack of growing about 27±3% showed more powerful anti-bacterial effects than aquatic extraction with the average of 9±2% and the maximum rate of anti-bacterial sensitivity to Amikacin was showed about 40. 69 %. Although the medical usage of herbal extractions and essences is valuable for their less side effects rather than common medical factors، but it should be done more studies about the mechanism of ingredients of this plant on bacterial factors for the medical usage of anti-bacterial aquatic and chloroformed extraction of Allium Sativum.

Acinetobacter is common in nosocomial pathogen and it is a health care associated opportunistic multidrug resistant pathogen. The purpos e of this study is to determine the sensivity and resistance of Acinetobacter strains that was isolated from clinical samples of patients who was admitted to Arad hospital in Tehran. In this descriptive examination, after extracting Acinetobacter derivations from clinical samples (Urine, sond fuli, sputum, wound, blood and bronchial), Their sensitivity was measured using standard Kirby - Bauer test, in contract with following antibiotics Amikacin,Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Imipenem, Ce ftriaxone Sulfametoxazole Trimetoprime, Piperacilin and Cefotaxime and then the results analayzed. In this study of 225 samples of Acinetobacter derivation isolated from clinical specimens, the most amount of sensivity was Piperacilin and Ciproflo xacin and the most amount of resistance was to Gentamicin and Amikacin. The results of this study are indicating that Acinetobacter strains resistance has increased against Gentamycin and Amikacin; presumably due to excessive consumption of the se antibiotics. It is obvious that, with increasing consumption of antibiotics, and consequently, augmentation of antibacterial resistance, control of this resistance factor is necessary and inevitable, we recommended to avoid unnecessary usage of antibiot ics.

Todays, the resistance to antibiotics among of pathogen bacteria is one of the main concerns of doctors all around the world, with consideration to different reports about Staphylococcus aureus bacteria’s sensitivity, this study was done to examine the pattern of sensitivity and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus strains collected from clinical samples of patients hospitalized in Tehran’s Araad hospital. In this descriptive examination, after extracting Staphylococcus aureus derivations from clinical samples (urine, catheter, phlegm, wound, bronchial and blood), their sensitivity was measured using standard Kirby-Bauer test, in contract with following antibiotics Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Vancomycin, Imipenem, Sulfametoxazole Trimetoprime, Tetracycline, Oxacillin, Ceftriaxone and Penicillin. In this study 260 samples of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens in three years. The most sensivity was to Vancomycin and the most resistance was to Penicillin and Oxacillin. The results of this study are indicating that Staphylococcus aureus strains resistance has increased against Penicillin and Oxacillin; presumably it is due to excessive consumption of these antibiotics. It is obvious that, with regard to increasing consumption of antibiotics and consequently, augmentation of antibacterial resistance, control of this resistance factor is necessary and inevitable, so it is recommended to avoid unnecessary usage of antibiotics.

Urinary infection is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases، and Escherichia coli is the most important cause of urinary infections. This study was done with the aim of surveying the amount of susceptibility and resistance among the strains of Escherichia coli isolated from those who referred to the private laboratories in the Iranian city of Tabriz. This survey was done periodically during the first 6 months of the year 2010. Samples were obtained in a sterile manner and were subjected to all necessary pathological tests. Evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility was conducted with disk diffusion standard method، and the results were analyzed. Totally، 5701 Escherichia coli strains were identified. The highest sensitivity to Imipenem was 90. 95%، Nitrofurantoin 85. 97%، and Cefotaxime 71. 02% and the highest resistance to Ampicillin was 83. 95%، Tetracycline 80. 97%، and Co-trimoxazole 63. 92%. Our results suggest that the cause of the high resistance of Escherichia coli strains to Ampicillin and Tetracycline could be the consumption of these antibiotics. Therefore، abstaining from overuse of unnecessary antibiotics and production of new-generation and cost-effective antibiotics are recommend.