فهرست مطالب hamed moztarzadeh

Since little research has been done so far on houses of Shiraz that qualify and have valuable criteria to protect and model their architecture, with a relatively comprehensive understanding of organization’s performance. The spatiality of houses can be used to achieve activity systems and behavior patterns of different users in them; Therefore, in case approach of research, Zakeri House has been selected as an existing, comprehensive and containing information of the one-sided Pahlavi construction of Shiraz. Therefore, the current research is an applied research in terms of the objective, and in terms of data collection method, it is a non-experimental descriptive research of survey and case type. The obtained results show that in the one-sided construction of first side of Shiraz, by removing functional yard and turning it into a transitory space, as well as by removing connecting spaces and corridors, it reduces performance of spatial organization in architecture. Thus, in examining the performance of the spatial organization of one-sided Pahlavi houses in Shiraz, the components of "accessibility" and "flexibility" in the movement system of space, the component of "permeability" in the system of space planning and the component "Connection" and "integration" in the functional system of space as positive indicators with an increasing effect, as well as the component of "average relative depth" in the system of space planning and the components of "relative rank" and " Separation" in the functional system of the space are considered as negative indicators with a reducing effect on the performance of the space.

The present research aims to determine the factors influencing the place attachment users of social housing complexes from the residents' perspective using the content analysis research method. From the research methodology perspective, this research is qualitative research conducted with the help of library and field studies by studying documents related to the topic, taking photographs, and semi-structured interviews with 387 residents of social housing complexes in Shiraz who were selected by random probability method. The interviews, which were in the form of audio and video files, were converted into text and entered into the ATLAS-TI 9 software. After coding and determining the validity of the subcategories, concepts, and codes by ten experts in the design of residential complexes, they were extracted in the form of diagrams. The data coding by subcategories and concepts is also compared with the effective components of designing social housing complexes. It is worth mentioning that the selection of social housing complexes in Shiraz was done by the AHP method with the help of Expert Choice 11 software. The findings revealed that the components related to the place attachment of the residents's social housing complexes based on interviews with their users include social connections, emotional connection with the place, the meanings of the place, and the dark side of the attachment to the place.

Since the first Pahlavi architecture is a new chapter in the creation of space and so far little research has been done on the houses of Shiraz that qualify and valuable criteria to protect and model their architecture; Based on this, this research aims to evaluate functional efficiency of space in architecture of two-sided houses of first Pahlavi construction in Shiraz, so that by improving the quality of housing architecture, it can achieve sustainable development of urban housing. Therefore, in terms of the objective, it is an applied research, and in terms of the data collection method, it is a non-experimental descriptive research of survey and case type. In this way, first, by using library sources and documents, the concept of functional efficiency of space in the residential architecture of the first Pahlavi of Shiraz was investigated and the factors affecting it were extracted; Then, by drawing explanatory diagrams, the spatial relationships in the selected houses were analyzed using the way of life and space syntax, and the spatial organization of the houses was examined from the point of view of movement, arena and functional systems. Following the ranking of factors affecting the performance efficiency of space in the first Pahlavi residential architecture of Shiraz, based on the process of analytical analysis, it was discussed. Then the performance efficiency of space was evaluated in the architecture of the selected houses. The obtained results show that the components of "accessibility" and "flexibility" in the movement system of space, the component of "penetrability" in the system of staging space, and the components of "interconnection" and "integration" in the functional system of space as indicators, positive indicators with an increasing effect, as well as the "average relative depth" component in the space staging system and the "relative order" and "separation" components in the functional space system as negative indicators with a decreasing effect on the level of functional efficiency are considered as space. The compatibility rate values are less than 0.100, hence the criteria are compatible in terms of mathematical logic and the calculations are correct. Therefore, the criteria of revitalizing the local identity and culture, form and direction of the optimal location of the mass-space, ecological orientation, compliance with the formal-spatial hierarchies, introversion, establishing security and safety, using light and natural ventilation, connecting with nature and natural elements, physical and visual accessibility, continuity of the level of human activities, fit between space, form and activity, existence of open (public), closed (private) and semi-open-closed (semi-public-private) spaces, respecting adaptability and flexibility, creating diversity and attractiveness, paying attention to beauty and avoiding futility are the factors affecting functional efficiency of space in residential architecture of first Pahlavi of Shiraz, which are ranked according to their importance, as well as the options (yard + two-sides-construction of two opposite fronts) and (yard + two-sides of the L-shaped structure) respectively have the highest appearance of the mentioned factors and, accordingly, the highest level of functional efficiency. It is considered that by strengthening the positive components and weakening the negative components on functional efficiency of space in residential architecture, the design process can be guided in an architectural format.

With the beginning of the industrial age, the pace of urbanization has grown rapidly and is still moving towards the future. The future of human lies in urbanization, therefore, the necessity of foresight and creating a desirable living environment in the future cities is among the requirements of the present day’s planning. The biophilic approach is one of the naturalistic approaches that have entered into the area of architecture and urban planning since the early 21st century. Taking into account the problems that lie ahead, the increased elderly population and environmental changes are among the challenges in the future city. The present research is aimed at improving the quality of the outdoor space of the elderly living environment using the biophilic approach and urbanism in future city. This study was conducted by looking at the future city and the challenges facing it and trend analysis method. Data collection and analysis was done with a combined method (quantitative and qualitative) and using spss24 software and Pearson's correlation coefficient and one-sample t-test tests.; and data analysis was conducted using the SPSS24 software, Pearson's correlation coefficient test and one-sample t-test. The results indicated that the majority of the relationships between the elements of the biophilic approach with the components of the quality of the environment have a meaningful relationship and the highest number of correlations between the elements of the biophilic approach with the semantic component of the quality of the outdoor environment. According to the findings, biophilic activity has the highest effect (4.25) and the nature of space has the lowest effect (2.82). Among the 44 examined items, the green space, plants and water element (4.53) has the highest average value and not being afraid of dense trees (2.55) has the lowest average value. Furthermore, the results suggested that a more desirable quality of environment leads in the elderly’s interest, enhancing their biophilic activities such as sports, walking and gardening and also increasing their social interactions in the outdoor space of residential complexes. The results of this study can be used in planning and design of residential complexes in the future city.

Aggressive behavior in various forms is one of society’s major and fundamental problems. The importance of this issue at the global level has led to proposals and solutions to reduce aggression. Environmental experts believe that the environment with its components can significantly impact mental health, behavioral stress, the sense of belonging to space, and the amount of social interactions of users. The onset of aggressive behavior in childhood will lead to serious social harm and threats in the future. Aggressive behavior is very concerning. Aggressive children are harmed in their relationships with family, peers, and teachers, and this behavior will affect their academic performance, concentration, and learning. For this reason, the identification of factors affecting this behavior has been the focus of mental health researchers and should be considered by the educational system. Thus, school is the most effective environment in which students, along with their friends and peers, can imitate aggressive behavior or they can behave relatively calmly and logically. The main purpose of this research to reduce such behaviors of students in schools is to achieve a model of optimal causal relationships between effective environmental components.

The research method is based on a survey to evaluate the environmental components that are affecting the reduction of aggressive behavior, which was extracted from the framework of theoretical foundations. A questionnaire was prepared and distributed among 317 male high school students. Data analysis is a method of factor analysis in which the relationship between environmental components is explained, and the final research model is drawn from Emus software. Also, causal relationships of the model are evaluated using path analysis.

In the findings of the research, the relationship model between the seven main factors of environmental components and students' aggression in schools has been drawn. These factors include the effect of a stress-free environment in establishing a sense of empathy among students, the effect of diversity in increasing spatial attractiveness, the effect of readability and accessibility on improving students' mental peace, the effect of naturalism on the formation of a fresh environment, the effect of privacy on increasing environmental security, and the effect of flexibility of environmental elements. In improving the performance and finally, the effect of furniture and diverse arrangement is on setting the activity of the environment. In the final model, three cycles of naturalistic factors impact the environment without stress. The first cycle, which expresses the role of nature along with the readability and flexibility of space, will lead to the movement of the second cycle with the addition of the diversity factor and then the third cycle with the activity factor.

The results indicate that the cycle of naturalism with the mediation of diversity at 39.8% and activity at 40.2% has led to the formation of a stress-free environment. Also, the spatial readability factor with 65.4%, and the environmental security factor with 50.2% were identified as the most effective factors in the model, and the final model was influenced by these two factors.

Today, with the advancement of technology, buildings have mechanical systems of heating, cooling, etc., which have increased energy consumption. Therefore, to solve this problem, it is suggested to design buildings sustainably. In addition, with the updating of technology, the construction of sustainable buildings has become important, and after that, new concepts of smart buildings have been proposed. Architecture that is designed based on fixed parameters does not react to external factors. Therefore, to reach a responsive architecture, these parameters must be changeable. Non-intelligent buildings cannot change with the path of the sun, wind changes, etc., and this creates a separation between the building and the surrounding environment. Therefore, today there is a need for buildings that adapt to changes in the external environment and learn to adapt using the information given. Also, when the systems achieve adaptability, they have a dynamic character and can respond to external factors, which ultimately increases the system's efficiency.Nature, which has one of the best responsive systems, can be a good model for providing a solution to this problem. The building facade communicates between the interior and the exterior of the building; Therefore, factors such as ventilation, light, cooling, heating, etc. of the building depend on a façade’s performance. Therefore, a facade design which has responsive to external factors can be very important to achieve a green building. In addition, with the correct design of a facade, energy consumption can be reduced and interior space can be provided for the comfort of the residents, which is one of the main goals of building design. Nature itself is made up of different parts which include: human, animal, plant form, and inanimate nature, and also the building has different parts that in this research to limit the title, from nature, the category of plants, and the building, a facade selected for research. The focus of the research is on providing solutions that bring compatibility between architecture and the environment, and finally, the ultimate goal is to provide new and innovative solutions for designing smart facades in buildings. Considering that plants are fixed like buildings with their roots in place, they need to react to external factors, and this reaction is realized with specific movements. In this sense, the plant is very similar to the building that is sewn to the ground and must protect itself from rain, storm, wind, light, etc. For this reason, the current research has investigated a type of plant with an opening and closing movement mechanism to make the facade of the building more intelligent so that a facade can adapt to the outside environment and protect the interior of the building.Finally, with the investigations, the carnivorous plant was chosen as the source of inspiration for this research, and the kinetic algorithm of the plant was analyzed. Because this plant reacts quickly in proximity to the surrounding environment and has a unique movement mechanism. Also, today it has been the attention of researchers from a behavioral point of view. The present research is hybrid and based on theoretical research, concepts, definitions, topics and gathering information from the compatible plant and presenting a program to convert the data related to the plant into the kinetic algorithm of the intelligent shell of the building facade. As a result, an idea to provide a solution with the combination of biology and technology for the climate adaptation of the building shell with the surrounding environment has been proposed, inspired by the adaptation of the plant to the surrounding environment. The research method is modeling-simulation. In this way, the kinetic shell is modeled in Rhino 6 software and Grasshopper plugin and Radiance analysis due to sunlight hitting the shell is obtained by Ladybug plugin. The Daylight simulation is obtained by Honeybee plugin. Shiraz climate data is obtained from Energy Plus software The results show that the kinetic shell, inspired by the carnivorous plant's kinetic algorithm is dynamic and adaptable and has the ability to control Radiant analysis and reduce the entry of Daylight up to 30% in the hot seasons of the year. Therefore, the kinetic shell modeled in the current research has a good performance in Shiraz climate.

Due to the increase of the elderly in the world and in Iran, attention to this group and providing them with the appropriate environmental conditions in order to maintain their satisfaction have further increased. One of the influential factors in enhancing the quality of outdoor space quality is the nature and its elements that can now be studied using modern approaches, such as biophilic approach. The present research has been conducted with the purpose of evaluating the relationship between the biophilic outdoor elements of residential complexes and the elderly’s residential satisfaction and also taking into account the effect of individual factors (moderating variables) in this relationship. The current research was a quantitative study which was conducted in the form of a survey using a researcher-developed questionnaire. Pearson's correlation coefficient test and SPSS 24 software were used to analyze the data. The statistical population is the elderly living in the residential complexes of Shiraz city. The sampling was done from among 174 people who were over 60 years old (101 males and 73 females). Comparing the results of the tests revealed that individual factors (moderating variables) affect the research variables and this influence can be effective in significance and the correlation degree of the relationships. Of the 72 relationships in the total results of the three study complexes, 67 correlations have a medium correlation coefficient and five correlations have a low correlation coefficient. The highest correlation coefficient is related to spatial orientation with the effect of individual factor, marital status(0.656); and with the adjusted coefficient of determination (0.472).The results related to Biopfilic sub-elements revealed thirty-eight significant relationships and six insignificant relationships (out of forty-four relationships), and the sense of belonging element (0.549) having the highest correlation. The research findings can be effective in reinforcing the Biophilic elements of outdoor space in residential complexes for the residential satisfaction of the elderly.

One of the proposed solutions to reduce energy consumption is to use nature as a source of inspiration. Surveys show that a large part of energy consumption is related to buildings. Considering that the building facade is the boundary between the interior and exterior space, it should be well-designed to reduce energy consumption. One of the solutions is to use an intelligent shading device that controls the entry of daylight in a hot climate.

This research, with its quantitative nature and simulation-modeling research method, has designed a kinetic shell in a building inspired by the movement mechanism of the Rafflesia to control the daylight of the building in the Shiraz climate.

The research findings indicate that the petals of the Rafflesia performed their opening and closing pattern in five consecutive movements and can act as a kinetic pattern or as a source of inspiration for the movement of the intelligent shading device of the building facade.

In the current research, the petals are considered with triangle geometry, which opens and closes from zero to 45 degrees at the top. In addition, according to the sun’s path from 7 AM to 7 PM, successive steps of opening and closing the flower take place, which can significantly absorb 20% of the radiation and 10% of sunlight hours. Therefore, the movement pattern of the Rafflesia in the hot and dry climate of shiraz has reduced radiation, which shows the optimal performance of the kinetic shading device.

The concept of functional efficiency of the space in the architecture is related to the degree of coordination and coexistence of different elements of the space together to be able to respond to the wishes and needs of users and the possibility of performing different functions at different time intervals, which is of particular importance in the home. In this sense, the research aims to achieve an architectural and practical plan to guide the overall design process in an architectural format according to the concept of functional efficiency of the space, and to create a desirable residential architecture, and ultimately, improve people’s satisfaction. This research is applied research in terms of objective and descriptive non-experimental and case study research in terms of data collection method. The first goal is to prioritize the semantic indicators of the components that improve the functional efficiency of space on improving the satisfaction of people in the first Pahlavi period houses in Shiraz, and the second goal is to compare the importance of their effects with the average. Accordingly, due to the uncertainty of the exact number of statistical population, purposive non-probability sampling method according to Cochran's formula was used and 384 people were interviewed. The data were then transferred to »SPSS24« for data analysis, which was used to determine whether the data were normal or not from the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Friedman nonparametric test was used to achieve the first goal and univariate T-test was used to achieve the second goal. The results show that there is a significant correlation between the functional efficiency of space and satisfaction of people. Thus, the semantic indicators of the components that improve the functional efficiency of the space on improving the satisfaction of people in the houses of the first Pahlavi period of Shiraz should be considered by the architects so that the necessary arrangements can be implemented to achieve the desired residential architecture. Their effects are significantly above average.

There is no particular design of the aesthetics facades, particularly colors, in the Shiraz Metropolitan. this research aims to provide solutions to improve the urban landscape at street levels, urban facades. This research is an applied-analytical study whitch The research method was a survey in which a questionnaire was used to collect data. The statistical population and sample size include all the residents of Shiraz city, among which 405 were selected based on Cochran’s formula and sampling method. According to the results, it can be said that the perspective of ordinary people was different from the perspective of the experts. The ordinary people paid attention to the appearance of the buildings, and their priority is based on their desire. However, experts consider the buildings based on the scientific and specialized design principles in the buildings. finally, solutions of the aesthetics of the colors in designing the urban facades were provided.

In the face of rapid economic development, population growth, increasing needs of people and changing lifestyles, most of the historical centers of Iran have seen difficulty in making the necessary adjustments and adaptations to current needs and changes. This article examines the role of urban regeneration in reviving redundant historical and social urban centers and how to use them to strengthen the urban identity of their cities. This study is based on a case study approach focusing on urban regeneration in the historical center of Shiraz. Since the construction project has not been completed, this study will focus more on the physical aspects of urban identity rather than its social dimensions. The related experimental research has used a comprehensive fieldwork done through multiple site visits. This article argues that one of the ways to restore the urban identity of Shiraz urban historical social centers is to return to its original roots and try to preserve them in the face of emerging environments. This article examines a novel experience in Iran and Shiraz in creating a new urban identity inspired by the past through a project in order to study the role of urban historical social centers. The results of this study show that the architectural indicators of the historical context of Shiraz have the highest score and average in the continuity index, indicating that the explicit meaning means a visual cognition difficult to fit in human memory.

Meaningful places are formed in a social context and as a result of social interactions between people in a physical environment, which are linked with the cultural, social and activity contexts that govern that society. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the use of historical spaces in the city of Shiraz.

In order to know the presence of people in historical places, in the main part of the research, which is a case study, the field method has been used. The selected case sample of the historical center of Shiraz city and the selected samples of this research are also a historical complex and its bazaar (Zandiyeh complex), a religious place (Shahcheragh complex) and a residential neighborhood (Sang-e-Siah neighborhood), all of which are from the historical center of Shiraz city.

The results show that the majority of people who attend public and community centers for long distances believe in the feeling of peace, security, freedom of diverse social activities, easy access, harmony with nature in space, climate protection issues and also the existence of other activities. Adjacent facilities such as cafes and restaurants are for holding personal meetings and gathering of people.

The Zandiyeh complex of Shiraz, despite its services, facilities and attractions, has functioned as a successful space and has high sociability.

It is a few decades since lack of semi-open spaces have assumed importance in the housing, driving mankind to revise many conventional procedures in architectural design and construction. The role of semi-open spaces in the modern life is not hidden from anyone. This is the modern world's only chance to make closed spaces connected to the open spaces beyond the walls. In addition to environmental and climatic functions, these spaces play an important role in connecting humans with nature and reducing environmental stress. In order to gain the maximum user-space interaction, semi-open spaces must be design in an optimum level. This level of design take a deep vision about how these spaces work and what people are expect about them. In the body of cities, it has been observed that the semi-open spaces of a building, while having the same physical characteristics, show different dynamics and livability.  The reason for this difference can be finding in the component of interaction. In order to be interactive, the user and his personality traits, in addition to the environment are also involved in this process. Therefore, in the field of design as a pre-occupation process, due to the lack of accurate knowledge of the end user and how he occupies space, it is necessary to predict and optimize the factors which are related to the space as variables which are Available and can relied on. In this regard, this study is investigating factors and their constructive indicators in semi-open spaces which have been able to play a more prominent role in the interaction with the final user.Research Question: What is the relationship between the interaction of the final user and semi-open spaces structure in residential units based on space syntax theory?Which components have major impact on final-user interaction with semi-open spaces?

This research has been done by examining case studies through field study and interview and its data has been analyzed by spatial syntax technique and Space syntax software and data analysis by examining the correlation coefficient by Spss software.

Finally, the results indicate that structural features have more affect than non-structural features in the interaction of semi-open residential spaces. Among these features, the connection index had the most impact on the amount of interactions while the correlation index on the intensity and type of these interactions. The average depth index is also inversely related to both the amount and intensity of interactions.In addition to structural indicators, components such as acquisition method, area, ratio of semi-open space to area, per capita semi-open space have been effective in the interaction of semi-open spaces. The findings of this study also show that if the final user intervenes in the physical features to the extent that it can affect the structural features of the space, his interactions with the semi-open space will be maximized.

William M. Pena described his Matrix theory, or the network information table, in 1987 in his book entitled “problem seeking”. This theory presented a mechanism for architectural programming. On the other hand, the parametric paradigm has massively addressed various aspects of architecture and criticism in the past four decades. Parametric paradigm developed from formal parametric to parametric BIM in the initial dozens and ultimately to parametric automation. Parametric automation encompasses an extensive and undeniable level in the process of architectural design and criticism. This research tries to expand the William M. Pena matrix based on the parametric paradigm and develop a parametric mechanism for complex data analysis on a very large scale to help designers and critics. In other words, this research is trying to expand Pena’s theory in the context of the parametric paradigm by defining variables and facilities today so that it can serve as a model to guide the design process and criticism to architects and designers.

With the help of triple coding, Strauss’ and Corbin’s grounded theory has provided the research platform. In the following, graph theory has been used as a parametric analysis mechanism under the Gephi-version 0.9.2. The research steps are 1- Selection of the Pena Matrix and its expansion. 2- Completing content related to each cell of Matrix base and one-way communication of cells. 3- Referring the information to the team of experts for review 4- Achieving theoretical saturation measure. 5. Transfering information to Gephi software. 6-Preparation of required outputs using multiple software filters. 7- Analysis of outputs in line with the answer to the research question.

The output facilities in the Gaffe program are the degree of nodes, the weight of the vectors, the index nodes, and the shortest path between the two specified nodes, which the filters can access in the Gaffe program. On the other hand, two basic data were obtained based on the collected questionnaires. First, the one-way communication of each matrix item and then the weight of each of these communications. In order to obtain the results, the information was transferred to the Gephi program. At first, the edge weight filter, which is one of the filters of the Gephi program, was implemented on the extractive data. (These filters are based on the mathematical theory of graphs for specific outputs and standard graph theory in the program). It is possible to display only the communications of matrix cells located in this range by specifying the desired range Using app filters. As a result, more accurate and quality categorization will be possible even in countless matrix cells altogether. This mechanism also applies to the direction of another filter called grade. The degree in the theory of graphs refers to the number of connections entered and exited to each node. In this stage, the graph can be investigated based on the number of vectors entered on the base matrix cells. Finally, by citing the order of our shortest distance between the two nodes, nodes and their communications can be achieved at this stage. The output will be obtained based on node analysis and communication between them. This is precisely one of the most widely used practices of graph theory. Repeating this command in the program makes it possible to get the shortest route between the first cell in the first row and the fifth cell in all rows.

Based on codings, cells with a greater degree and weight in the defined range and the shortest distance between the two cells and related graphs are drawn. With repetition of this stage, the ability to analyze, including a comparison of frequency and analysis of alternatives, will be possible. The graph drawn in the Gephi software will determine which content exactly defined in the Matrix cells will play a role in connecting the cells of the first columns to the cells of the fifth columns and will determine the shortest communication path between them. In other words, the mechanism designed firstly, like an initial index, will play a role in the collective concept of information, and parametric analysis of unidirectional communication between Matrix cells will be able to analyze communication on a macro scale. These analyzes are available to designers graphically and parametrically. By changing each parameter or basic communication, the ability to analyze and compare changes to the word humanity will be provided. As a result, by reference to the research question, this parametric mechanism based on William M. Pena’s matrix theory with multiple accurately adjustable outputs in the Gephi program will be able to first create a parametric structure and simply observe and compare the changes in the output graphs by changing the basis information. As a guide, it will also determine the path of the required data and communication and open the path to design and criticism.

The paradigm of social sustainability in contemporary literature has always been widely proposed to solve the problems and inefficiencies of the physical environment in various scales of the urban space. Hence, addressing the concept of social sustainability on a micro-scale, such as residential complexes that have been less discussed, can improve the socio-physical quality of these areas. In this research, because social sustainability indicators have complex dimensions; evaluation and prioritization of the components and indicators that are affecting social sustainability in Shiraz’s residential complexes have been done from the viewpoints of professionals in the field of architecture and urban planning. The strategy of the current study is correlational and quantitative in terms of methodology; the collected data of 33 selected professionals whose research and professional area is focused on residential complexes was examined and evaluated using a multi-criteria decision-making process (DANP technique). The findings of this study showed that the physical component serves as a grounding criterion that affects the component of social sustainability. The following indicators, according to experts, are effective in improving the physical quality of residential complexes: the indicators A) social interactions, B) security and safety, and C) place attachment and sense of place have higher rankings, whereas the indicator E) housing density has the lowest. Finally, policies and strategies for planning and designing residential complexes in both social and physical dimensions are suggested for decision-makers and planners to adopt based on the findings and results.

According to rapports, since home construction is cultural, its form and organization are also influenced by the culture that the home is a product of. In this way, traditional Iranian architecture can be described as full of concepts that are based on Iranian religious culture and beliefs. One of the most important concepts that influence the formation of traditional Iranian houses is the concept of privacy. Unfortunately, in today's construction, the conception of privacy is ignored. In fact, in the current century, the concept of privacy has been a victim of economic and social factors, and priority for building spaces that create privacy gradually decreased. The result has been the construction of alien homes with indigenous culture. Therefore, although people live in modern houses and try to adapt to modern architecture, they still consider a traditional home a desirable home. Accordingly, since the home is the most private place for each person, it is one of the main places, where makes essential privacy. Thus, traditional home reviews, where the concept of privacy is well respected, can help architects to apply this principle in today's housing architecture. In this regard, given that traditional houses of the warm and dry climate of Iran are built as a courtyard, and the organization of the spaces around the courtyard is based on different patterns, the most common of which is the organization of the four types of patterns. These patterns include two sides of construction (two opposing masses), two sides of construction (two perpendicular masses), three sides of construction, and four sides of the construction. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the privacy of these four patterns in Qajar houses in Shiraz. The research method used in this study is quantitative-qualitative, and the tools used in analyzing houses are mathematical space syntax. Such that, initially eight Qajar houses were selected, and after identifying the three characteristics of introversion, hierarchy, and locating for privacy, at first the houses graphs were extracted by A-Graph software, then these three privacy factors are based on space syntax tools, including, integration, connectivity, relative mean depth, relative asymmetry, real relative asymmetry, and accessibility were analyzed. The research results show that, on the one hand, the concept of privacy as an integral concept in traditional Iranian architecture, in all the patterns of the Qajar houses of Shiraz, the architects have been of interest. On the other hand, based on the analysis, by increasing the mass-to-space ratio from two sides to four sides, the amount of introversion, hierarchy, and locating has increased. This indicates that in the Qajar houses of Shiraz, the pattern of the four sides of the building has the highest amount of privacy than other patterns. This is due to the possibility of separating public and private territories, increasing the depth, and building nested spaces on each side. Moreover, the findings of the study suggest that, in all construction patterns, the least privacy concerns first the courtyard space and then the guest space, and on the contrary, most privacy concerns the bedroom.

The present study aimed to examine the effective factors on the 30-69 years old resident's environmental cognition at the manses in Hossein- Abad in Shiraz. Confidence mass trust volume by assuming 95% 0f probability level and 5% of probability of error level and supposing that 50% of the population gave similar answers, was determined 400 responders. Moreover; by using convenient sampling method, a questionnaire with 20 The way prepared and distributed. The questionnaire analyzed with SPSS software (24 version). The hypothesis testing occurred through student statistics (T), Pearson correlation and regression. The reliability rate of the questionnaire examined through α kronbach formula. It was at acceptable level (=0.905). It was attempted, in the present study, to both recognize the effective factors on the environmental cognition and map correlation between these factors and Spatial Typology of housing in the form of an analyzing model. The results show that qualitative factors such as: difference and similarity, access and permeability, diversity and dynamic reactions, safety and security, similarity, natural environment and welfare play effective role in development of different types of housing.welfare play effective role in development of different types of housing.welfare play effective role in development of different types of housing.welfare play effective role in development of different types of housing.development of different types of housing.welfare play effective role in development of different types of housing.

spaces and to meet the needs of citizens, the quality of views of commercial ground floors should be considered and examined. The most important part of the building that is visible to the public when passing through urban space is the ground floor of the building. The design of this part of the building is very influential on the quality of urban space. The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate the quality components of the commercial ground floor facade and its impact on the sense of belonging to urban space. The present study was conducted using a combination survey method. In this study, firstly, information gathering through documentary study was used to formulate the theoretical framework. In the main part of the study, a case study, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The statistical population of this study was employees, residents and passers-by. The sample size was 385 people based on Cochran formula and questionnaires were distributed among them by simple random sampling. Spss software was used for data analysis and the results were analyzed in two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that on the one hand, the sense of belonging to citizens is the result of the influence of urban views on the quality of urban space, and the quality of views of commercial ground floors, is the basis for the quality of urban spaces and on the other hand, enhances the sense of belonging to the urban space.

Introversion is one of the principles of Iranian-Islamic architecture, which is derived from the importance and sanctity of family life and self-esteem of Iranians, and has been described as increasing attention to the space and simplicity and cleanliness outside; This study seeks to investigate the different types of housing, features and elements that make up the physical-spatial structure of the entrances of houses in Shiraz during the Qajar and Pahlavi periods and with a ray of light on a part of the architectural history of Shiraz, Take a step towards revitalizing its architectural identity and by increasing the number of examples and expanding the scope of domains and extracted components affecting each domain, it can develop architectural and practical designs and general rules for evaluation and even Achieve design and assist designers and planners in achieving the desired pattern of housing entry in the area, tailored to human needs. Accordingly, the research strategy is a combination of survey type, and since the independent variables of the research are the domains and sub-components of introversion and the dependent variable of the research are the input structure of the houses; Qualitative research data through historical and library sources and documents, observations and semi-structured interviews with professors and experts, and in a quantitative dimension in order to explain the spatial configuration of houses based on syntax or layout. The space is collected using hierarchical and Depth map software. The results show that there is a significant correlation between introversion and the entrance structure of Iranian houses in the Qajar period and the first Pahlavi period, and the evolution of introversion causes differences in different types of housing, characteristics and elements that make up the physical-spatial structure are entered; Thus, the entrance structure of Iranian houses in the Qajar period has introversion and secrecy, and the closer we get to the first Pahlavi period, the less it becomes and the tendency towards extroversion, the more It becomes.

Lack of attention to the meaning in contemporary architecture has made man thirstier for truth of existence and purification of the soul, and space is a key for solving this problem. If space is originated from the existential roots and be full of meaning, it can lead him to the Supreme Being as a strong bridge. The shrine is one of these spaces that regardless of its terrestrial body, has an extraterrestrial purpose, so in its architecture, meaning must play a major role, and this purpose does not happen except with archetypal architecture. Therefore, this study seeks to use a combined method (qualitative-quantitative) from a phenomenological perspective to gain an understanding of archetypical design solutions in Iranian shrines so that the sacred buildings that are built using these achievements can cause the creature to connect with the divine source through communication with the collective human subconscious and a range of human history. In the present research, first the theories of experts about archetypes are examined, then by qualitative method, the criteria obtained in the theoretical framework are evaluated in case studies and through it a questionnaire is prepared and after scoring by experts, statistical analysis of data Used using SPSS software. The results show that all archetypal indicators have a hidden meaning and using them both in form (body and function) and (sign and meaning) creates shrines that are able to communicate with the collective subconscious. Finally, based on this, solutions were developed for the design of shrines.

Today, given the rapid population growth, development of sciences, new changes in all aspects of human life, and ultimately, the occurrence of unfavorable conditions for the human environment, sustainable development has attracted considerable attention as one of the most critical and common issues at the international level. Among the strategies to achieve sustainable development, education is the most effective mechanism of society to deal with the century's biggest problem, i.e., sustainable development. According to the United Nations, education is needed to promote sustainable development and improve public awareness of environmental and developmental issues. Sustainable development using educational tools, in the first step, requires identifying the areas and factors that play a role in the development of sustainability education. This study aims to identify the effective factors for the development of sustainability education in Iranian architecture universities using the analytical-inferential strategy. The qualitative analysis of the documents revealed that the educational environment, educational system, and society were the most effective ones in the development of sustainability education of architecture students. Finally, solutions were presented to improve public awareness and reform the educational environment and system to develop sustainable education in Iranian architecture universities.

Urban agriculture has become a growing trend worldwide. Although there is a continuing debate regarding the benefits of urban agriculture for urban residents, there has been no comprehensive study on the role of urban agriculture social mechanisms that can encourage and facilitate social interaction. Therefore, this study was intended to evaluate the relationship between urban agriculture social mechanisms and social interactions in residential complexes based on a causal model. The survey was conducted with 265 participants residing in Rezvan Residential Complex in Shiraz, Iran. The results of the data analysis showed that the model could be fitted well with the data of this study, such that social participation, social capital, security and social health could well predict social interactions directly. The model also confirmed the indirect impact of each of these dimensions, with the mediation of urban agriculture and other dimensions, on social interactions. Overall, these results indicate that not only each of these variables can predict social interactions alone, they can also predict social interactions as one of the constructive dimensions of urban agriculture.

Creating and reproducing sociable recreational environments, as a place of social interactions in order to create sustainable urban environments, is one of the goals that has received much attention in recent decades. For this purpose, the present study analyzes the components affecting the sociability of Prince Mahan's garden, influenced by the perception of nature in man-made environment. The present study is an applied research, and in terms of data type is mixed (quantitative-qualitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section (interview section) was 20 experts and specialists in the field of architecture in the academic section, who were selected by purposive sampling method, taking into account the saturation law. The statistical population in the quantitative part includes tourists and users of Prince Mahan Garden with an unknown number; Using Cochran's formula and random sampling method, and considering the infinite population, the sample size was 384 . In this study, in order to collect qualitative data, in-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with 20 architectural experts in the academic department. The purpose of this section was to identify the indicators in the interview. Then, by performing coding, a 40 -item questionnaire was used for quantitative use. The results showed components such as human design (design responsibility for physical, cultural, social, and user needs and creating the spirit of the place, functional design (design responsibility for meeting physical needs), design responsive to the principles of aesthetics Visual, environmental design (localization and reflection of bio-regionalism and natural ecology), sustainable design (responsibility for energy and natural resources) and safety and security on the desirability of the camp space, and sociability of the Prince Garden Are effective.

Living space is a place of relaxation, and those with a sense of attachment to the environment are more satisfied with their living space. According to the literature, being in nature is very effective in creating positive emotions in people. In recent years, living in apartments has made people away from nature affecting their positive feelings about their living space. This study aimed to investigate to what extent and how direct relationship with nature affects dwellers’ place attachment in residential areas? The main research question is that what is the relationship between the direct contact with nature in residential areas and level of place attachment? The research method in this article is mixed. Considering the qualitative method, the basic concepts of the research are presented based on the analysis of the content in the environmental psychology and nature–human interactions; and then the criteria for creating a sense of place attachment in the residential areas are extracted. This can be used as a basis for developing a questionnaire. In the quantitative method, the effect of nature on place attachment is measured using a questionnaire. Based on the findings, it can be argued that green space can form stronger relationships between individuals and the environment. Finally, according to the results of this study and confirmed the significance of green space, designers need to consider more clearly the relevance of this important natural element in their future designs.