فهرست مطالب hamid baqeri

Many of the surviving works belonging to the Nuṣayryya denomination in the middle AH centuries contain countless quotations of the lost legacy of the Ghulât (extremists) of Kufa on which one can rely as intermediate.resources in retrieving the content of that legacy and consequently, the immediate understanding of the Ghulâ’s teachings. Kitâb al-Aẓilla is an instance of this kind of the Ghulât’s legacy paragraphs of which are accessible through the medium of four old texts of the Nuṣayriyya denomination. Determining the aproximate date of compilation of these intermediate works can be helpful in dating the Kitâb al-Aẓilla and even in recognizing its author. Textual existing evidences confirm that these resources had been compiled in the third/ninth and fourth/tenth centuries,and this way it can be said that Kitâb al-Aẓilla dates back to a time earlier than the second/eighth or third/ninth century. Mention has been made of the three compilers of Kitâb al-Aẓilla in the Imami bibliographical references: Ahmad b. Muhammad b. ‘Isâ Ash‘arî Qummî, ‘Abd al-Raḥmân b. Kathîr Hâshimî and Abu Ja‘far Muhammad b. Sinân Zâhirî, namely the authors
whose age of life coincides with the estimated time span of compilation of the book under discussion.
Based on the isnâds (transmission chains) available in Nusayrî resources (as access channels) to Kitâb al-Aẓilla it is more probable that the book belongs to Muhammad b. Sinân.

Abu Muhammad Hasan b. Shu„ba Ḥarrānī, is a Shi„a traditionist in the 4th/10th century about whom little information is available. The earliest source in which he was mentioned dates back to the tenth/sixteenth century. Familiarity of most of the Shi„a scholars with him is – more than any other reasons – because of a wijāda-type access of Allamah Majlisī and Shaykh Ḥurr „Āmilī to his famous book called Tuḥaf al-‘Uqūl; a work because of which he has been admired by later Twelver Shi„a scholars. In addition to these two books, among the written works of the Nuṣayriyya denomination some other works attributed to Ibn Shu„ba are available: Haqā’iq Asrār al-Dīn, Risāla Mūḍiḥa, and Masā’il. These works have completely been compiled within the Nuṣayriya‟s intellectual aura and are different in style of writing from Tuḥaf al-‘Uqūl. In case the attribution of these works to Ibn Shu„ba proves true, a remarkable amount of our information about him will be corrected and even completed. This article attempts to study the attribution of these works to Ibn Shu„ba by pursuing different evidences.

According to the well-known opinion Imami scholars are divisible into two major groups: early and recent scholars. There are several differences between the two groups in various areas of science، including hadith principles and issues. Our information about the first group’s principles of hadith scholarship is low، and in some cases limited to general reports of the scholars of the recent generation. Taking into consideration the fundamental differences of hadith principles of the two groups، they have also attempted to explain the basics of the first group، for example، the great emphasis they have placed on the early hadith scholars’ reliance on the system of evidences as a focal point of hadith assessment. Analytical and critical study of the historical reports of the early Imami scholars indicates the central role of the written source analysis among their numerous evidences. These studies indicate that the early hadith works - with different titles such as «kitab»، «asl»، «juz» and «nusakh» - regardless of their authors are of high status in the early Imami scholars’ hadith scholarship. Existing reports show that these scholars have sometimes considered a hadith text as reliable and valid based on the different reasons and evidence and finally verified the existing hadiths within it. This article attempts to explain the early Imami scholars’ emphasis on «book-based» components such as the notability of the book، its popularity among hadith scholars، and special attention to the reliable usuls، while mentioning a variety of examples.

Shii and Sunni hadith reporters have collected a wide range of the holy Propht’s sayings from their reliable scholars as hadith collections. Sunni’s licenses for narrating hadith have been challenged by Shii reporters even at the time of Imams, peace be upon them. They have asked Imams in this regard. In response to their questions Imams accepted those hadiths from the Prophet, may peace and blessings be upon him, which are reliable. Methods used by Shii thinkers and interpreters indicate that they have referred to Sunni hadith sources as well. Shii interpreters of the holy Quran have related from Sunni hadith sources in different fields while interpreting the verses of the holy Quran. Referring to Sunni exegetical hadiths has many advantages and functions. Some of them are as follows: authenticating and increasing the reliability of hadith, making for weakness of Shii hadiths, reviving the infallible Imams hadiths, confirming Shii views, relating virtues of ahl al-Bayt, explaining the spiritual aspects of Shii hadith, better understanding the verses of the Holy Quran, removing contradicts among hadiths and etc.

The Shiite Infallible Imams hadiths reported by the Sunni reporters and their authenticity are of the most important issues which are discussed by hadith scholars in the field of diraya (hadith scholarship) and fiqh (jurisprudence). Generally speaking, we can divide the Shiite hadith scholars into two groups: those who are against the reliability of authenticated hadith and those who are for. Ismail Bn Abi Ziyyad Sukuni is one of the Sunni reporters who has transmitted many reports from Imam Sadiq, peace be upon him, especially in the field of fiqh (jurisprudence). The more we have information about this reporter, the better we can verify reliability of his reports which are found in the Shiite hadith sources. In light of Sukuni's reliability which has been confirmed by the Shiite thinkers and his reports which are practiced by jurisprudents, it is wise to conclude that the reports transmitted by him are reliable and trustworthy.