hamid mohebi

The aim of this study was to compare the metabolic profile of elite male karate athletes based on their physical fitness level during different phases of six competitions in one day, similar to real karate competitions.Study

Ten young elite karateka participated in this research. Based on the Z scores obtained from physical fitness tests, including aerobic power (Bruce test), anaerobic power (30 s Wingate test), vertical jump, 30 m sprint, and agility (9×4 m), they were divided into two groups of high (n=5) and low (n=5) physical fitness. Each karateka performed six simulated committee competitions with the same rest interval as official tournaments and according to the rules of the World Federation. Venous blood samples were collected before and after the first and sixth competition. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to investigate differences at p<0.05.

Decreases in pH (p<0.001), increases in tryptophan (p=0.034), lactate (p<0.001), and malondialdehyde (p=0.007), and changes in glucose (p=0.003) were significant in total measured time points. Moreover, by examining time×group interaction, a significant difference was observed between the groups in plasma lactate (p=0.014), so that it was significantly higher after the sixth competition in the low physical fitness group than the other group (5 ± 0.1 vs. 3.9 ± 0.2 mmol/L, p=0.002).

Karate athletes with low physical fitness seem to provide a larger portion of ATP needed during the sixth competition than the first competition from the anaerobic glycolysis pathway and by consuming extracellular carbohydrate sources such as plasma glucose.

The purpose of this study was to developing and updating physical fitness norm for men and women aged 18-60 years of Ardabil province. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 400 men and 400 women aged 18-60 years old with a mean age of 28.16 years, from different regions of Ardabil were recruited by cluster and random sampling and divided into different age classes. In this study, body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), fat percentage, cardio-respiratory fitness, strength of hands (hand grip) with a hand dynamometer, Endurance of shoulder girdle muscles (modified push up), Flexibility, and endurance of abdominal muscles (curl up) measured in subjects. Descriptive statistics were used to classify data, mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum variables. In the inferential statistics section, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to distribute the normality of the data and the independent t-test was used to examine the differences between groups. The findings of this study showed that the mean cardio respiratory fitness 44.13 ml/kg.min (men) and 39.83 ml/kg.min (women), body fat percentage 14.29 (men) and 21.94 (women), BMI 24.8 (men) and 24.2 (women), endurance of abdominal muscles 36.89 (men) and 28.20 (women), Flexibility 29.41 (men) and 29.11 (women). According to the obtained results, the physical condition of men and women in Ardabil province is in a favorable condition that the findings of the present study can be used as a reference for future research in the field of health at different ages.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) plus carbohydrate (CHO) and whey protein plus CHO on muscle damage indices after eccentric resistant exercise.
Twenty four untrained healthy males participated in this study. They were randomly divided into three groups, BCAA 艛鲢 (0.1.1g/kg) supplement group (n=8), Whey艛鲢 (0.1.1g/kg) supplement group (n=8), and placebo (malto dextrin 0.2g/kg) group (n=8). Each subject consumed a carbohydrate beverage with addition of whey protein or branched-chain amino acid or placebo 30 minutes before exercise in a randomized,double-blind fashion. Serum levels of Creatine Kinase (CK), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and muscle pain were measured before, 24, 48, 72 h after exercise. Follow-up analyses included 1-way repeated measures ANOVAs, and Bonferroni post hoc comparisons.
24 h after test, serum levels of CK, LDH and muscle pain in both supplement groups were increased less than placebo group (0.015, 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). Also, the levels of CK and LDH showed significant changes in both intervention groups compared to placebo group at 24 h (0.001, 0. 015, respectively). Similarly, significant differences in the levels of CK and LDH between groups were observed.
These data indicate that muscle damage and pain after resistant exercise were reduced by an ingestion of either BCAA drink or whey protein drink.

  The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of exercise on appetite and energy intake in normal and overweight females. Seven normal weight (20<BMI<25), and 7 overweight (25<BMI<30) inactive women (mean age 23.28 ±1.68) participated in a 6-days semi-experimental study.First 2 days were assigned as control with no exercise. On the third and fourth days, participants were asked to run on a treadmill at 60% maximum heart rate reserve for 1 h. Others subsequent 2 days were consider as post-exercise days with no exercise. Subjects recorded dietary intake using a food diary and self-weighed intake during each 6 days. Visual analogue scale (VAS) completed at each morning in fasted state. In normal weight women, average energy intake significantly reduced on postexercise days (1498.42±336.60 kcal) compare with exercise days (1897.14±342.61 kcal) (p<0.01).
However, in overweight women, relative energy intake significantly reduced in exercise days compare with control days (p<0.05). There was no significant differences in food compositions across conditions in both groups and differences in appetite rate were not significant across the days. Interaction effect between two groups was not significant in all variables. In conclusions, moderate intensity exercise can create a negative energy balance in overweight women. This result indicated a favorable clinical implication of exercise on weight control in
overweight women.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of intermittent training on lactate level and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activity in Wistar rats. 20 male Wistar rats (mean age 3 months and weight 224±14 g) were selected and randomly divided into the training (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. The training protocol consisted of running on a treadmill for 4 minutes and then 2 minutes of active rest in 10 training phases for the experimental group. All rats were anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine and xylazine 48 hours after the last training session after an overnight fasting. To measure lactate and LDH enzyme activity, blood samples were obtained from their cardiac puncture. Data were analyzed by mean and standard deviation (M+SD) and independent t test. The results showed no significant differences in blood lactate level between the two groups, but there was a significant difference in LDH enzyme activity between the two groups (P˂0.05). These results indicate that intermittent training caused the clearance of lactate. Enhance of lactate replenished muscle glycogen and prevented H+ concentration which was produced along with lactate.