فهرست مطالب hamid reza ghaemi

Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects (ASDs) is considered an alternative technique to surgery, and appropriate device size selection is essential to an effective procedure. We aimed to compare 2D transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), and balloon sizing methods for device size selection in pediatric patients undergoing ASD transcatheter closure and to establish an accurate and simple procedure for device size selection.

This cross-sectional study was performed on pediatric patients for 8 months in Tehran, Iran. Device size was identified by balloon sizing, 2D TEE, and TTE.

This study enrolled 39 children (64.1% female, average age= 7.1±3.1 y) who underwent successful ASD transcatheter closure. The mean defect size by balloon-stretched diameter measurement was significantly greater than the ASD size measured by 2D TEE and TTE. There was a strong, highly significant positive correlation (P<0.001) between the device waist size and different ASD diameters measured by 2D TEE, TTE, and balloon sizing. A good linear association was found between the ASD size measured by device waist size and 2D TEE (device waist size= 0.99×TEE-derived defect size+1.678; P<0.001) as well as TTE (device waist size= 1.01×TTE-derived defect size+1.17; P<0.001), respectively.

In this study, TEE and TTE-derived defect sizes were significantly associated with the device waist size. Additionally, the equations generated herein may provide a reliable and good prediction for appropriate device size. (Iranian Heart Journal 2022; 23(1): 74-84)

Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare cardiovascular disease presented with an incidence of 1 per 300000 live births.

In this article, we present four cases of ALCAPA in infancy. Two infants presented with respiratory distress and two with a heart murmur. Their coronary arteries were derived from their pulmonary arteries. Two of them died, one after surgical procedure and one before surgical intervention. Of remained cases, one of them had a good surgical outcome, and another was missed in the follow-up.
A brief review was done on case reports of ALCAPA in children. Eighteen articles were found, including 201 pediatric cases.

The vast majority of affected children will die within the first year of life if ALCAPA is not diagnosed and treated appropriately.

Scimitar syndrome (SS) or congenital pulmonary venolobar syndrome is a rare anomaly, most commonly including partial pulmonary venous drainage into the inferior vena cava, right lung hypoplasia, dextroposition of the heart, and anomalous systemic arterial supply from aorta or one of its branches to the right lung.
Case report: A 10-day-old female infant was referred to our hospital with systolic murmur and tachypnea. Initial chest x-ray suggested cardiomegaly and displacement of cardiac structures into the right hemithorax, and initial echocardiogram indicated patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of aorta, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect in this infant who was diagnosed as having SS.
We can consider Scimitar syndrome for infants with tachypnea, cyanosis, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and right lobe opacity in chest x-ray.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis syndrome of unknown etiology. It occurs in infants and young children, affecting mainly small and medium-sized arteries, particularly the coronary arteries. Generalized microvasculitis occurs in the first 10 days, and the inflammation persists in the walls of medium and small arteries, especially the coronary arteries, and changes to coronary artery aneurysms.We report the case of a 10-month-old girl referred to our center three months after the onset of disease due to the aneurysms of the coronary arteries. During the acute phase of her illness, she received 2 gr/kg intravenous gamma globulin; and after her referral to us, the patient was treated by antiaggregant doses of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (5 mg/kg) and Warfarin (1 mg/daily). At three months’ follow-up, the aneurysms still persisted in the echocardiogram.

Despite advances in antiviral therapy over the past 2 decades, herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) remains a serious illness with significant risk of morbidity and mortality. HSE includes a range of clinical presentations, from aseptic meningitis and fever to a severe rapidly progressive form with mental status changes (clouding of consciousness, confusion, disorientation, personality changes) and sometimes seizures (focal or generalized), dysphagia, or other focal neurological signs. Symptoms vary in intensity early in the disease, but tend to progress rapidly. Brain CT Scan and MRI can play an important role in determining the diagnosis and extent of the disease. This case report refers to an 8-year-old girl, diagnosed with herpes encephalitis that presented with seizure, bloody diarrhea and decreased level of consciousness and restlessness who recovered clinically after acyclovir treatment