فهرست مطالب hamid zeinali

 In the literature of geopolitical studies, the convergence of two countries has always been considered as their political, economic, and strategic intermingling. International convergences can both promote the geopolitical status of a country and expand its influence on geopolitical domains. Based on the status and functions played by Islamic Republic of Iran and Arab Republic of Egypt in the affairs of the Middle East, the existence of barriers to the convergence of the two countries can bring about considerably far-reaching consequences in this geographical region. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the most significant barriers to the convergence of Iran and Egypt (in the period between 2018 and 2022). The study was applied in terms of purpose and implemented a descriptive-analytical methodology. The population consisted of all experts, specialists, and university professors in geopolitics and international relations, and Cochran’s formula(William Cochran) determined the sample size at 50. The obtained means were analyzed using SPSS(Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The results showed that transregional, regional, and domestic factors were the most significant barriers to the convergence of Iran and Egypt, and trans-regional factors were more pronounced in this regard. In other words, Egypt’s support of the intensified military presence of the U.S. in the Middle East, the Iranian ideology of exporting its revolution to the Middle East and North Africa, Iran’s support for the resistance front, and Egypt’s approval of “Abraham Accords” have had the most significant impacts on the increased divergence between Islamic Republic of Iran and Arab Republic of Egypt.

There are various methods to treat hemorrhoids. It is very important to examine which hemorrhoidectomy has fewer complications and also faster recovery and return of the patient to normal life. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of two methods, including Milligan-Morgan surgery and the hemorrhoid system in patients with hemorrhoids.
Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional study, sixteen patients were randomly chosen from all patients with hemorrhoids referring to the clinics of Bahonar and Afzalipour hospitals who needed surgical diagnosis of the surgical specialist. Patients were classified into two groups regardless of gender. Group A was operated by open or Milligan- Morgan and group B was performed by the hemorapy method. After surgery, patients’ information was recorded in a checklist and analyzed by SPSS (version 21) software. 37 patients (64%) were male and 23 (36%) were female. 19 patients (32%) had hemorrhoid Fourth degree, and 41 patients (68%) had hemorrhoid Third-degree. The mean pain of patients after 8 weeks of surgery between the two groups was 1.12±0.57 in the Milligan-Morgan group and 0.55±0.47 in the hemorapy group, respectively. This difference was statistically significant. (pvalue=0.042). However, there were no bleeding events, urinary retention, and incontinence, and in 2 patients treated with the Milligan-Morgan method, it was observed that there was no anal stenosis in patients with hemorapy.
Discussion and The results showed that the postoperative pain was less in the hemorapy method than in the Milligan-Morgan method. Furtheremore, complications such as bleeding, urinary retention and gas incontinency and anal stenosis were much less than the MilliganMorgan method. This method is used for hemorrhoidectomy.