فهرست مطالب hamid zolghadr

The purpose of current review was investigating the effect of core stability exercises (CSE) on volleyball players. 

Current research was a PRISMA systematic review. It reviewed comprehensively the Impact of CSE on volleyball players. It carried out searching in Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, PEDro, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases and in Persian Google Scholar, Megapaper databases, IRANDOC, Magiran, SID, Medilib, IranMedex. The keywords in two groups including: Group 1: “Core stability exercise” OR “core stability training” OR “core stability endurance” OR “trunk stability” OR “central stability exercises” OR “core intervention” OR “core stability control” OR “core strengthening exercise” OR “trunk resistance exercise” and group 2: “Volleyball” OR “volleyball player“ OR “volleyball athletes” from 2000 to February of 2023. Current research used both English and Persian languages.

We got 146 articles. After removing duplicate titles, we selected 127 abstracts for review. Finally, 18 articles were included in the present review.

The outcomes of current review show that CSE have the ability to improve movement capabilities, performance, and sports skills as well as prevent injuries from volleyball players. Of course, to interpret the outcomes of the current research caution needs to be taken, considering the restrictions such as the difference in the sample size under study, measurement methods, and components of different core stability protocols.

Understanding the relationships between exercise and performance tests is crucial for the sports rehabilitation expert.

To comprehensively review functional tests and their reliability for return to sport (RTS) after shoulder injuries.

During this research, a comprehensive review of the functional tests for RTS after shoulder injuries was performed by searching the Web of Science, PEDro, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, and CINAHL databases with the keywords shoulder RTS, return to play, upper limb and shoulder functional tests from 2000 to June 2021. English was used in this search. After gathering the research results, first, the titles and then the summary of the research papers were studied. If the research papers meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, their results will be utilized in the study of review otherwise they will be excluded.

When searching the texts, 123 research papers were found, after deleting 11 identical titles, 112 abstracts were chosen for review. After analyzing the abstracts, 79 research papers were removed and 33 research papers were selected for full study. After reviewing the full-text research papers, 21 research papers were removed and 12 research papers were selected from among the research papers that were very closely related to the subject under study. Many functional tests exist, but few have been studied to evaluate the RTS after a shoulder injury. 

Functional tests can assist in estimating when an athlete will RTS or exercise without restrictions. Therefore, according to the results of the current research, functional tests can be an effective tool to assess RTS after shoulder injuries, but due to the limitations and lack of information in this area, further studies are required to be conducted. Therefore, caution should be taken and a general rule should not be drawn for all shoulder injuries.

 An increase in the movement of one or more joints beyond the normal range of motion is known as hyper-mobility. However, in most cases, joint hyper-mobility is observed as a confined phenomenon referred to as generalized joint hyper-mobility (GJH). The present study aims to compare and evaluate the prevalence of GJH among Iranian students.

 The present cross-sectional and retrospective study enrolled both male and female students aged 8 to 18 years who were willingly enthusiastic to participate in this study. For this, 1225 students (726 girls and 499 boys) were chosen through the convenience and targeted sampling method. The research tool was a self-assessment 5-part questionnaire for identifying GJH (5PQ; Sensitivity: 80-85%; Specificity: 80-90%) (Hakim & Grahame). Due to the Covid-19 pandemic and no direct access to students, the questionnaire was designed in Google Forms Survey Administration software and distributed online among sports teachers or students through social networks. The data gathered from completed questionnaires were analyzed in SPSS version 22 using the two-way chi-square test.

 The prevalence of GJH among female students (41.2%) was higher than that among male students (30.7%). The two-way chi-square test revealed a significant difference in the rate of GJH between female and male students (p=0.001, ƛ=13.97). According to the results, "gender" accounted for 10% of the prevalence of hyper-mobility in students. The statistical tests revealed that "age" causes no significant difference in the rate of hyper-mobility among students (p=0.54, ƛ=10.79).

 The present study revealed a high prevalence of GJH among Iranian students. The prevalence of GJH among female students was higher than that among male students. Thus, these results entail paying more attention to this phenomenon, as it may provoke physical and psychological complications in the future for students affected by GJH.

Inadequate mobility in intellectual disability causes imbalance. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to investigate the effect of motor interventions on improving the balance of intellectual disability.

Methods :

In this study, a comprehensive review of the effect of motor interventions on improving the balance of the intellectual disability was done by searching the Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases with the keywords balance, equilibrium, balance in intellectual disability, balance in mentally retarded, intellectual disabled, and also Persian databases of Google Scholar, Megapaper, IranDoc, Magiran, SID, MedLib and IranMedex from 2000 to February 2021. In this search, two languages, Persian and English, were used. After collecting the search results, first, the title and then the abstract of the articles were studied. If the articles complied with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, their results were used in the present review study and otherwise discarded.

Results:

 In the search of texts, a total of 110 articles were found and after deleting similar cases, 44 articles (18 Persian articles and 26 English articles) were selected from the articles that were very closely related to the studied subject.

Conclusion :

A review of studies has shown that performing motor interventions in most studies improves the balance of intellectual disability. However, due to the limitations of the studies, the conclusions of the present study should be interpreted with caution. Although these results can help coaches, exercise teachers, physiotherapists, and therapists improve the balance of intellectual disability, more detailed studies are needed.

Entrepreneurship plays an important role in theeconomic development of a country. This is important in timesof sanctions or natural and unnatural restrictions. Therefore,this research aims to design a suitable model with localelements and variables in Iran.

To collect and analyze the data, thequalitative method of the Foundation's data theory was used,the process of which was carried out in three stages of open,central and selective coding. After 10 interviews with expertsin this field, necessary data were collected and analyzed. Inthis way, after the process of continuous comparison of dataand three steps of coding categories, a total of 7 maincategories and 15 sub-categories were identified.

The results of the research were presented in theform of a qualitative database model with the focus on"entrepreneurship under restrictions and sanctions".

Based on this, a model has been proposed thatincludes causal conditions (government support in theconditions of sanctions, including financial support and legalsupport), foundation or context, including (businessmanagement in the conditions of sanctions, which includes:"Financial management in the conditions embargo, supplychain management in embargo conditions, and strategicmanagement based on opportunities and threats in embargoconditions", business benefits in embargo conditions, whichinclude: "focusing on the needs of the country in embargoconditions and focusing on the interests of domestic customersand foreign", creativity in the conditions of sanctions includes:"creativity in creating new services and products in conditionsof sanctions and creativity in identifying new markets inconditions of sanctions", focusing on business advantages inconditions of sanctions including: "identifying competitiveadvantages in the domestic industry and focusing on thedevelopment of competitiveness with foreign products" andfinally networking in the conditions of embargo included:"consulting in business and development of social networks").

The present time, the new market inside the country is considered as the simplest market development strategy. In this regard, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the barriers and strategies for developing the domestic market for products manufactured by the Haidan shoe industry. Based on the objective of the study, Grendard's theory (data base method) was used to analyze the data. The field of study is the members of the cooperative of shoe workers, and they have been gathered using deep interviewing methods and library of the required data and have used open coding, axial coding and selective coding for analysis. The results showed that the barriers to developing the internal market in the form of the final model were divided into four parts: causes, main phenomena, interventional factors, and outcomes. In the areas of causes, such as design, technology level, quality of raw materials and training, were the main obstacles to the development of the domestic market. The main cause in the lack of market development is related to the competitiveness of manufacturing products and the market development strategy. Also, interventional factors such as government financial and legal support, low education of production managers, and lack of research and development units are effective in limiting Haiday's shoes market. Accordingly, it is necessary for the cooperative members to adopt a strategy for improving the quality of products and the appropriate strategy for market development in order to overcome the existing barriers.

Wrestling, due to its contact and oppressive training nature, is subject to massive injuries. The present study aimed to compare musculoskeletal injuries between professional Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestlers.

This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. The statistical population consists of male Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestlers (N=86; age: 15-20 years) in Guilan Province, Iran. The study participants had a history of at least two continual years of wrestling training of 3 weekly sessions and participating in national and international competitions. The modified Fuller and Hawkins questionnaire was applied for recording recent two-year injuries. Using the descriptive statistics, the retrieved data were summarized and classified in tables. Besides, the difference between the study variables was determined by the Chi-squared test in SPSS.

A statistically significant difference was observed in neck injuries between the investigated Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestlers (P=0.01). Additionally, a significant difference was observed in the frequency of training per week (P=0.01), techniques (P=0.001), and injury mechanisms (P=0.02) between the two study groups.

The present study findings revealed a significant difference in neck injury between Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestlers. Furthermore, a significant difference was detected in the frequency of training, techniques, mechanism of injury, and the injury rate between the study groups. Designing appropriate training sessions and plans and teaching the principles of warm-up and procedures for preventing additional damage in wrestlers are suggested to coaches

Inactivity in the people with intellectual disability leads to their impaired motor function. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of selected corrective-balanced training on motor function of the intellectually disabled students with developmental coordination disorder. This study was a randomized clinical trial with pretest-posttest design. The statistical population of this study included 23 educable intellectually disabled boy student with developmental coordination disorder. They were randomly assigned to two groups of experimental (N=12, average age: 15.75 ± 1. 21 years) and control (N=12, average age: 16.73 ± 1.34 years). Written informed consent forms were obtained from the parents of the students. The experimental group performed the training for eight weeks. In order to assess the flexibility, gait speed, muscular endurance, muscle strength and coordination of the participants, sit and reach, 50-foot walking, sit ups, and timed chair rising tests were used. To analyze the results of this study, dependent-t test and covariance analysis were used at significance level of p≤0.05. The results of this study showed a significant difference the two groups in terms of flexibility (p = 0.01), gait speed (p = 0.006), muscular endurance (p = 0.01), muscle strength and coordination (p = 0.01). The results of this study showed that eight weeks of corrective-balanced training can improve motor function in intellectually disabled students with developmental coordination disorder. Therefore, sports trainers and teachers are advised to use these exercises to improve the motor function of intellectually disabled students.

Identify comparative advantage of regions has the capability and direct capitals to invest in those areas industry, can be effective in development non-oil exports. Hence, the purposes of this study comparative advantage and stability of performance industrial exports provinces in Iran country. For the investigate the status of comparative advantage was used analysis revealed comparative advantage (RCA), so and symmetric revealed comparative advantage (RSCA) and also the convergence of group (the ratio R2/β) to study the stability of comparative advantage in the production and export of industrial goods was applied. Required data has been gathered from the annual census reports industrial workshops for during 1379-1392. The results of investigate index of revealed comparative advantage and symmetrical Balassa show that Isfahan, Qazvin, Bushehr, Hormozgan, Semnan, East Azerbaijani, Yazd, Khuzestan, kohgiloyeh, Khuzestan, Tehran, Qom and Kerman Respectively have a revealed comparative and symmetrical advantage. This province In addition to being self-sufficient has benefited from the export goods for other provinces and countries theirs. Findings of estimation method group convergence revealed at whole of province of specialization coefficient equal to 1/33 is larger than one; But surveyed of 28 provinces, 14 provinces industries with one high coefficient of specialization (1/75) and 14 provinces non-industrial with one lower coefficient of specialization (0/99) The results shows that not only level of specialize and comparative advantages in industrial provinces are stable but strengthened over the period. While level of province non-industrial specialize and comparative advantage was not stable and the relative amount of industrial expertise in these provinces has been weakened.

Banks due to their ownership structure have specific objective in granting credits. Hence, Ownership structure can be impact on economic growth by Influencing banks' lending behavior. Purposes of this study are investigating the role of bank ownership in the impact of bank credit on economic growthwith considering income level of provinces. This research is divided banks into state and private also divided provinces into two groups of high and low income. Econometric model of this research is estimated using panel data in 31 provinces during of 2006-2015. Descriptive analysis results showed that average of total credits each year, 21 percent by private banks and 79 percent by state-owned banks is paid. The findings of the model estimation indicate that the impact of both types of banks credit on provinces' economic growth was higher in low income levels compared to provinces with high income levels. The results of the tests conducted to measure the difference in the impact of two types of banks in each region indicated that state banks, with a significant difference compared to private banks, had a greater effect on economic growth in lower-income provinces. But the difference in the effectiveness of two types of bank credit on economic growth in provinces with high income level is not significant. Therefore, structure of bank ownership has effective role on the impact of credits on economic growth due to the income level of the regions.

The intellectual development of people with mental retardation has been stopped or is incomplete. This condition is associated with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) of the general cognition level and affects the verbal, motor, and cognitive abilities of these people. This study aims to investigate the effect of selective balance/corrective exercises on the balance performance of mentally-retarded students with DCD. This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 23 mentally-retarded male students with DCD. They were randomly assigned to the groups of intervention (n=12, Mean±SD age: 15.75±1.21 y, Mean±SD height: 1.67±0.08 m, Mean±SD weight: 61.28±14.34 kg) and control (n=11, Mean±SD age: 16.73±1.34 y, Mean±SD height: 1.72±0.07 m, Mean±SD weight: 70.28±15.75 kg). The intervention group performed selective balance/corrective exercises for 8 weeks (three sessions per week). To assess the static balance and dynamic balance of the samples, the modified Stork test with eyes open and closed mode and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test were used, respectively. The Pediatric Balance Scale was used to assess functional balance. For analyzing the collected data, the Independent t test and analysis of covariance were carried out. There was a significant difference between the two study groups in terms of static balance with eyes open (P=0.01) and closed (P=0.01) and dynamic balance (P=0.01); however, no significant difference was found between them with respect to functional balance (P>0.05). The selected balance/corrective exercises can improve the static and dynamic balance of mentally-retarded students with DCD.

The purpose of this study was to investigate postural control position in relation to anthropometric and postural Indicators of Active Persons.

The statistical population of the present study was active Persons (mean age: 21.15 ± 2.02 years, height: 1.78 ± 0.07 cm, weight: 71/50 ± 10.15 kg, BMI: 22.45 ± 2.53 kg / m2) University of Guilan were in the academic year of 97-98. The selection of the statistical population was available and the subjects were selected randomly from among male students of physical education. A Number of 40 students was selected as the sample.  The anthropometric and the postural Indicators of the present study were chest width, chest depth, chest circumference, forward head, round shoulder, kyphosis and lordosis. In order to Assessment postural control, the SLS test was used in four different position. Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression model were used to examine the significance of variables.

The results of this study showed a significant relationship between the forward head with the first condition (r = +0.633) and the depth of the chest with the third condition (r = -0.409), the fourth condition (r = -0.372), the total condition (r= -0.428) and chest circumference with the third condition (r = -0.354). There was no significant relationship between kyphosis, lordosis, round shoulder, width of chest with postural control.
Discussion and

Overall, in the present study, there was a significant but weak relationship between some anthropometric and postural Indicators with postural control. And it seems that anthropometric and postural indicators alone cannot affect the postural control position of active and healthy male students.

Internet by creating new conditions and opportunities for economic growth, allows the less developed countries to reduce their deep economic gap with developed countries. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of economic factors on the internet diffusion in Iran over the period of 1994-2015. Using a fuzzy regression, this study is going to estimate the type of relationship between variables which estimates a range of possible values of parameters. Results of the model show that, per capita income, urbanization rate, openness, human capital, and share of the service sector in GDP have a positive effect on the internet diffusion. But the impact of agriculture sector’s share in GDP is negative on the internet diffusion.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of economic variables on the internet diffusion in thedeveloping countries. For this purpose a dynamic panel datamodel (GMM) has been estimated overthe period 1995- 2012 and among 123 developing countries. The results show that per capita income, the rate of urbanization, trade openness and human capital have a significant and positive effect on the internet diffusion. Moreover, the results indicate that the impact of ICT infrastructure on the internet diffusion is significant and positive. The results of a sensitivity analysis also reveal that increasing the share of the service sector of GDP increases the internet diffusion; while, an increase in the share of the agricultural sector has a negative effect on the internet diffusion.

The Tourism industry is one of the easiest, cheapest and low pollution industries for income earning. Due to the unique characteristics of the tourism industry, it is known by experts as a hidden export. Quality of tourism services in a tourist destination is one of the most important factors affecting on the growth of tourism, that can attract tourists. Therefore, this study aims to measure the impact of the Quality of tourism product on tourism satisfaction has taken place in Soltanieh dome. The present study has four hypothesis. Experimental data has been collected from 382 questionnaires distributed among dome's tourists and was examined by SPSS software. Pearson's test results show that: facilities, accessibility, attractiveness and a mental image of the destination have a positive correlation and in terms of statistics, have a significant correlation with tourists satisfaction, But due to the non-significant of the attraction of destination variable, it was removed from the model. Using path analysis, the direct and indirect effects of the remaining three variables were tested on tourist satisfaction. Results show that facilities, access and image of the destination variables have the greatest impact on tourist satisfaction respectively.

Purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between stock price and exchange rate by considering the oil price in oil-exporting countries. In order to examine the co-integration between variables, Pedroni and Kao tests are performed. In addition, FMOLS and DOLS tests are performed on monthly basis data to obtain long-run vector coefficients over 2009 – 2011 period. Furthermore, Short-run relationship between variables are examined by pooled mean group (PMG) test based on vector error correction model (VECM). I can be inferred from the results that there is co-integration between variables in the long-run. The long-run coefficients indicate a positive relationship between stock price and exchange rate and a negative relationship between oil price and exchange rate. Moreover, the results from PMG test demonstrate mutual causality between all the variables.

Financing sources of investment has relationship with economic growth, so that the Finance resources and investment theories, investment and financial sources have been introduced of the most important condition for economic growth, while the theories of economic growth main reason for the investment and financial sources are economic growth. This study examines causality between sources of investment potential finance and economic growth during the period 1990-2011 for three countries Iran, Turkey and Malaysia, by using the Toda and Phillips methods and adjusted Vector Auto Regression (VAR) model. Paper results indicate that: in some cases, domestic savings due to economic growth and in other cases, economic growth due to domestic savings. Long-term loans, FDI, public guaranteed debit due to economic growth in Iran. Short-term loans and foreign capital are causes of economic growth in Turkey. Short-term loans and Public guaranteed loans are causes of economic growth in Malaysia.