hamideh goli

Job alienation of nurses leads to adverse consequences such as occupational dysfunction and low quality of health‑care services provided by these individuals to patients. This study aimed to explain nurses’ experience of occupational alienation in the clinical setting.

This qualitative study was conducted using the content analysis method. Data were collected via 18 in‑depth and semistructured interviews from nurses working in the hospitals in Sabzevar, Iran. The participants were selected via purposive sampling and continued till data saturation. The obtained data were simultaneously analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis.

The qualitative analysis of data content led to the extraction of the themes that reflected the nurses’ experience of occupational alienation in the clinical environment. After the transcription of each interview, the obtained data were broken down into codes in the form of sentences and paragraphs related to the main concept. The codes were reviewed several times and the relevant semantic unit codes were written down and classified based on conceptual and semantic similarity. Qualitative data analysis led to the emergence of 260 initial codes, 120 subcategories, 30 main categories, and 6 themes. Finally, the main theme of the “nursing gradual separation from caring and clinical aspect” was extracted.

According to the results, occupational alienation reduces the quality of patient care, weakens nurses, and reduces the continuity of their effective and active presence in the provision of care services and clinical decision‑making. Therefore, managerial and organizational interventions are required to address this issue.

Ellis-Van Creveld (EVC) syndrome, otherwise known as chondroectodermal dysplasia, is a genetic disorder with cardiac and skeletal manifestations. The four main characteristics of EVC syndrome include chondroectodermal dysplasia, polydactyly, congenital heart defects, and hypoplastic nails and teeth. Changes in the mechanical properties of the chest wall in infants with skeletal dysplasia reduce the functional residual capacity and cause respiratory failure. Here, we describe the case of a female patient with symptoms, including fever, poor feeding, and frequent cough, for one week before admission to a hospital in Sabzevar, Iran. The patient was a four-month-old girl with a medical history of EVC syndrome. She complained of fever, poor feeding, and repeated cough for one week. She had multiple labial frenal attachments in the upper and lower jaws, as well as long bones. The iliac bones were short and square-shaped, with the acetabulum in a transverse orientation. Slight elongation of the chest, along with short ribs, was also observed. Based on the findings, EVC syndrome should be considered as a pediatric disorder, which can damage multiple organs, including the skeletal system, and cause respiratory disorders and congenital heart disease. If this syndrome is not diagnosed in childhood, due to poor available treatments, patients will be at risk of disorders at older age.

It is clear that The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted an education system like other areas of society. The current research aimed to investigate faculty members' and medical students’ perceptions towards E-learning challenges during the Covid-19.

This qualitative study was performed by purposive sampling among students (N=16) and faculty members (N=6) in Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences in 2020. After obtaining informed consent from the participants, all semi-structured interviews were recorded one by one, handwritten, and analyzed by qualitative content analysis. To assess the accuracy and reliability of data was confirmed from various methods. 

From the data analysis, two main themes include "turmoil in the organization" (with the main classes of technical concerns, time concerns, and educational alienation) and "organizational uncertainty" (with the main classes of fundamental inconsistency and managerial inconsistency) were extracted.as virtual educational challenges.

Based on the result, there are challenges of management and organization in relation to managers' emphasis on the importance of e-learning and the issue of supporting these training. Paying attention to the challenges and obstacles in e-learning can greatly improve the quality of higher education.

Gestational diabetes is a common disease during pregnancy which has many effects on the health of the neonates.This study aimed to evaluate the complications affecting newborns of diabetic mothers.

The present study is an integrated review of available evidence and information based on published articles available in domestic and foreign electronic journals, selected from databases, such as SID, MAGIRAN, IRANMEDEX, PUBMED, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, and CINHAL. The search was carried out using keywords, including "Gestational diabetes mellitus", "Complications", "Neonates", and similar words. In total, 274 articles were found, out of which 232 studies were excluded, and finally, 42 Persian and Latin articles were examined in this study.

The most significant complications affecting newborns of mothers with gestational diabetes include macrosomia, respiratory distress, congenital anomalies, and disorder in their Apgar scores.

According to the results, it is recommended that all mothers with gestational diabetes be undergone periodic blood glucose monitoring and fetal examinations during pregnancy and be provided with special care at follow-ups and evaluation of the health of the child after birth.

Bartter syndrome (BS) is a rare metabolic disorder causing defect in sodium and chloride absorption in the thick ascending limb of Henle’s loop and increased urinary loss of sodium chloride (Na), chloride (Cl), and prostaglandins. We present the case of a 1-year-old girl with BS presenting with vomiting, poor feeding, and agitation. Physical examination revealed muscle weakness, developmental delay, and failure to thrive. Laboratory investigations revealed hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, and hypokalemia. Urinary investigations revealed raised urinary chloride, sodium, potassium, and calcium levels. Renal ultrasound revealed a renal calculus in the lower calyx of the right kidney with hydronephrosis. The basic defect in BS is the loss of one of the transporters involved in sodium reabsorption in the thick ascending limb on the Henle’s loop or apical K channel. BS is characterized by severe hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and hyperaldosteronism. In BS, increased urinary loss of sodium, potassium, and chloride is observed.

BackgroundThe literature reviews show that taking care of dying newborns for a nurse is associated with stress and anxiety, and nurses will be faced with many challenges, the present study aimed to explain the spiritual challenges experienced by nurses in neonatal end of life in the NICU.
Materials and MethodsThe present study was conducted with a qualitative method ­and "purposive" sampling. The study environment was­ NICU in the hospitals of Zahedan, Iran. Semi-structured interviews­ used for interview and data collection. A number of 24 participants with inclusion criteria were interviewed. Qualitative content analysis method was used with the conventional approach and inductive method with Graneheim and Lundman approach.
ResultsData analysis explored were categorized in three main themes: spiritual challenge of neonatal care with two-categories (palliative care, and care with love and affection); psychological / spiritual support challenges of family with two categories (spiritual support of family, psychological support of family), and nurse's spiritual distress with one category (nurse's trauma in neonatal care).
ConclusionIn this study three themes were obtained: 1- Spiritual challenge of neonatal care with two-categories (palliative care, and care with love and affection); 2- Psychological / spiritual support challenges of family with two categories (spiritual support of family, psychological support of family), and 3- The nurse's spiritual distress with one category (nurse's trauma in neonatal care).

Adolescents have unique developmental requirements and medical needs which make them different from adults and children. In addition, they have problems of different natures, but they receive health services from common service. The aim of this study was to describe the hospitalization experience in adolescents.
Using qualitative method, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 9 adolescents between the ages of 10 and 19 years, who were hospitalized in Zabol hospital pediatric ward, Zabol City, Iran. The data were analyzed based on Colaizzi's method. Rigors of the study were achieved by paying attention to four criteria: real value, applicability, consistency, and factuality.
Adolescent's experience of hospitalization was constructed by four main concepts concluding separation from family and friends, staying on an unfamiliar environment, fears of treatment, and limitation of individual autonomy.
Adolescents mostly are afraid of anonymous routines, procedures, and hospital personnel. Before the hospitalization of adolescents, there should be preparation plans for them; they often look for discipline and security in an unfamiliar environment. Therefore, hospital should be a safe place; so that, the adolescents` anxiety and worries can be reduced on the way from home to the hospital. It is suggested that professional staff view the design and routines of the ward from the perspective of adolescents; also it is better to perform adolescent-centered activities.

Snowball sampling is applied when samples with the target characteristics are not easily accessible. This research describes snowball sampling as a purposeful method of data collection in qualitative research. This paper is a descriptive review of previous research papers. Data were gathered using English keywords, including “review,” “declaration,” “snowball,” and “chain referral,” as well as Persian keywords that are equivalents of the following: “purposeful sampling,” “snowball,” “qualitative research,” and “descriptive review.” The databases included Google Scholar, Scopus, Irandoc, ProQuest, Science Direct, SID, MagIran, Medline, and Cochrane. The search was limited to Persian and English articles written between 2005 and 2013. The preliminary search yielded 433 articles from PubMed, 88 articles from Scopus, 1 article from SID, and 18 articles from MagIran. Among 125 articles, methodological and non-research articles were omitted. Finally, 11 relevant articles, which met the criteria, were selected for review. Different methods of snowball sampling can be applied to facilitate scientific research, provide community-based data, and hold health educational programs. Snowball sampling can be effectively used to analyze vulnerable groups or individuals under special care. In fact, it allows researchers to access susceptible populations. Thus, it is suggested to consider snowball sampling strategies while working with the attendees of educational programs or samples of research studies.

Rickets is a disorder due to impaired metabolism of bone mineralization which caused by low concentrations of extra-cellular calcium or phosphate. In children, hypophosphatemic rickets (HR) happen malabsorption of phosphate and increasing of renal tubular loss.
We present the case of a 4-year-old girl who had medical history of HR with failure to thrive (FTT). Child hospitalized several times due to osteomalacia and leg fractures. In physical examinations, there were obvious signs of rickets such as bow legs and hands, deviations of the wrist and chest pigeon. The results of blood tests showed low level of Phosphorus; but the level of calcium was normal. Radiography showed deformity of wrists and hands.
HR should be considered as one of the childhood disorders which impairs metabolism of bone mineralization and cause osteomalacia and bones fractures. If HR undiagnosed and remedies poor during childhood, in older ages would reveal automatic fractures and mineralization defects.