فهرست مطالب hamideh sabetrohani

Context:

 Health, in all its aspects, is an important human right. There are various factors for the health of individuals with complex relationships with other cultural and social characteristics of a society that lead to inequality in health. Social determinants of health have a critical role in health matters; their impact on women's fertility and childbearing must be viewed as an important field to macrolevel and microlevel health scope decision-making and policy development.

 This study aims to extract and determine the social determinants that affect women's reproductive health based on existing studies and strong evidence.

 This study was a systematic review that searched reputable medical databases and sites, including PubMed, Scopus, ISI, IranDoc, and SID, utilizing keywords like "social," "reproductive health/fertility/childbearing," and "women/female/woman". The scope of the study was limited to articles published between 2010 and 2019 due to the large volume of data available, and articles written in languages other than English or Persian were excluded from the review. The segregated articles concerning the abstract content were screened by two independent individuals to match the research objectives and keywords. The relevant abstracts were separated for review in the next step, and the full text of the obtained articles was read separately by two independent individuals to ensure their alignment with the research objectives. The articles were reviewed for quality and accuracy using the CASP tool, and those scoring above 75% entered the final stage of the study.

 In the initial database search, 1731 articles were found, and after removing duplicates, 1516 remained. Of these, 1313 were removed for not meeting the research objectives, leaving 203 articles for the next stage. After further review, 92 articles were excluded, resulting in 107 articles for further review. Out of these, 84 articles were evaluated for compliance with research objectives, with 26 articles entering the critical evaluation stage. All articles scored above 75% on evaluation tools and entered the final stage of information extraction.

 The social determinants that impact women's reproductive health and childbearing, based on studies worldwide, include racial, ethnic, and national discrimination (for immigrants and minorities), micro and macroeconomic factors (income, costs of living, and healthcare), socio-cultural factors (education, employment, family norms), and socio-geographical factors (residence and urban status).

The Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is a very important and effective policy in the health system of countries worldwide. Using the experiences and learning from the best practices of successful countries in the UHC can be very helpful. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to provide a scoping review of successful global interventions and practices in achieving UHC.

This is a scoping review study that has been conducted using the Arkesy and O'Malley framework. To gather information, Embase, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, Scientific Information Database, and MagIran were searched using relevant keywords from 2000 to 2019. Studies about different reforms in health systems and case studies, which have examined successful interventions and reforms on the path to UHC, were included. Articles and abstracts presented at conferences and congresses were excluded. Framework Analysis was also used to analyze the data.

Out of 4257 articles, 57 finally included in the study. The results showed that of the 40 countries that had successful interventions, most were Asian. The interventions were financial protection (40 interventions that were categorized into 14 items), service coverage (31 interventions categorized into 7 items), population coverage (36 interventions categorized into 9 items), and quality (18 interventions categorized into 7 items), respectively. Also, the positive results of interventions on the way to achieving UHC were financial protection (14 interventions), service coverage (7 interventions), population coverage (9 interventions), and quality (7 interventions), respectively.

This study provides a comprehensive and clear view of successful interventions in achieving the UHC. Therefore, with consideration to lessons learned from successful interventions, policymakers can design appropriate interventions for their country.

Reviewing the reproductive health indicators (RHIs) provides the possibility of periodic health system performance evaluation to achieve balanced development. This study aimed to determine the trend of ten reproductive health indicators changes during 2002-2011, and examining their relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI).
In this ecological study the trend of ten reproductive health indicators from five selected provinces of Iran were mapped. Then the relationship of these ten indicators with HDI was investigated using non parametric Spearman's rank correlation coefficient in SPSS v. 20.
There was a statistically significant direct and strong correlation between the percentage of childbirth by a trained person and HDI (r= 0.9, p=0.037).
In our study, it can be expected that the provinces with similar reproductive health indicators, likely have similar HDI.