فهرست مطالب hamidreza sodagari

Among diarrheagenic strains of Escherichia coli, entrotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is most commonly associated with diarrhea in calves and lambs. Broad use of antimicrobials in agriculture selects for resistant bacteria that may enter the food chain, and potentially result in foodborne disease in humans that is less responsive to treatment with conventional antibiotics.
This study was carried out to identify antimicrobial resistance in ETEC and non-ETEC isolated from diarrheic calves.
Disk diffusion methods and PCR were used to detect antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by using the standards recommended by the clinical and laboratory standard institute (CLSI). Multiplex or monoplex PCR amplification was used to identify eight antibiotic-resistant genes, including bla SHV, tet(A), Sul1, aac(3)-IV, ere(A), catA1, cmlA, aadA1 and qnr(A), which confer resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, sulfonamide, gentamicin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and fluoroquinolone, respectively.
Antimicrobial resistance rates for ETEC isolates were detected against penicillin (100%), tetracycline (90.9%), erythromycin (90.9%), streptomycin (90.9%), sulfonamide (63.6%), chloramphenicol (63.6%), gentamicin (45.4%) and fluoroquinolone (36.3%). Furthermore, according to the results, antimicrobial resistance for non-ETEC isolates was detected against penicillin (100%), followed by erythromycin (97.6%), tetracycline (93%), streptomycin (91.8%), sulfonamide (73.2%), chloramphenicol (51.1%), fluoroquinolone (44.1%), and gentamicin (34.8%). In addition, the distribution of the resistant genes for ETEC isolates were ere(A) (100%), catA1 (100%), cmlA (100%), aadA1 (100%), Sul1 (72.7%), tet(A) (54.5%), aac(3)-IV (54.5%), bla SHV (36.3%), and qnr(A) (9%). For non-ETEC isolates they were ere(A) (100%), aadA1 (100%), Sul1 (87.2%), catA1 (67.4%), cmlA (67.4%), tet(A) (48.8%), aac(3)-IV (48.8%), bla SHV (41.8%), and qnr(A) (3.4%).
Among the eight antimicrobial agents examined in this investigation, the least resistance was observed against gentamicin and fluoroquinolone in both ETEC and non-ETEC isolates. Therefore, carrying out antimicrobial susceptibility tests before drug prescription seems necessary.

Increasing urbanization, immigration and tourism has changed the human lifestyle. This modern lifestyle has demanded safety, quality, and fast availability of ready to eat (RTE) foods like chicken sandwiches.. For presentation of proper solutions regarding food safety, identification of pathogens in different foods is necessary. Therefore, the present study was carried out to assess the microbiological quality of chicken sandwiches distributed in Tehran province, Iran.. A total of 200 chicken sandwich samples (chicken sausage, chicken fillet, minced chicken fillet) were purchased from different supermarkets in Tehran city randomly during 2013 and transported to the laboratory of food hygiene of Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch under temperature-controlled conditions for bacteriological examination by American Public Health Association (APHA) method.. The average count ± standard error (and percent of unacceptable samples) of S. aureus, B. cereus and Coliform were 1.6 ± 0.56 (28%), 2.0 ± 0.62 (10%), 4.2 ± 1.12 (50%) CFU/g, respectively. Moreover, E. coli and Salmonella spp. were identified in 21% of chicken sandwich samples.. The large number of foodborne pathogens detected in this study, represented a potential health hazard to consumers. Thus, it is necessary to employ, Good Hygiene Practices (GHP) and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) in order to minimize the risk caused by secondary contamination..

Bovine leukosis is a viral zoonotic disease that can infect cattle. Blood, secretions, meat, dairy products and biological products may be contaminated with this virus. For this purpose bovine leukosis cases were studied during this 10-years in one of industrial slaughterhouses of Tehran province to thereby identify the factors of increasing incidence of this disease and to present effective ways to reduce it. This study carried out in one of slaughterhouses of Tehran province. Inspections for about 132 leukosis bovine meats in the carcass of slaughtered cows with histopathological examination were conducted. The results were shows that among 132 leukosis cows, all of cases were maternal, over2 years old and mean weight of them were 180 kg. Most of them were in the summer. Most cases were seen in the carcass of the industrial farms (79.5%) and then the traditional farms (20.5%), respectively.In this study was diagnosed some symptoms in carcass of slaughtered cattle such as enlarged lymph nodes (external and internal iliac, deep inguinal and plstronis), heart and other organs with edema. For diagnosis improving and right slaughterhouse assessment and its role in human health, must be trained inspectors in the diagnosis of bovine leukosis properly. In addition histopathological studies are required in the slaughterhouse laboratory. Also control and eradication of diseases in farm seems to be effective in reducing disease