فهرست مطالب hannaneh golshahi

Depression is a serious mental disorder. Despite numerous medications, there are still limitations in depression treatment. So, herbal medicine has been considered an alternative therapy. This survey evaluated the effects of a Persian herbal formula on mice with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). A combination of Aloysia triphylla  citrodora, Citrus aurantium, Echium amoneum, Lavandula angustifolia, Melissa officinalis, Salix aegyptiaca, Valeriana officinalis, Viola odorata, and Cinnamomum zeylanicum was prepared. Except for the control group, animals were subjected to CUMS for 8 weeks in 5 groups (n=10): CUMS, vehicle (distilled water), herbal formula (0.23 ml/mouse), fluoxetine (20 mg/kg), and bupropion (15 mg/kg). All administrations were performed orally daily for the last 4 weeks. The depression and anxiety-like behaviors were assessed by sucrose preference (SPT), tail suspension (TST), forced swimming (FST), and elevated plus-maze (EPM) tests. Superoxidase-dismutase (SOD) activities in tissues, and serum levels of cortisol, alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), and creatinine were measured. Also, histopathological changes were evaluated. This formula significantly increased SPT (p<0.001) and decreased immobility time in FST and TST (p<0.01), but it was not effective on EPM vs. CUMS mice. The herbal formula did not change the serum level of creatinine or ALT, but insignificantly reduced cortisol vs. CUMS and vehicle groups. SOD activity increased in the brain vs. vehicle group (p<0.05). There were no changes in histological examination. The herbal formula improved depression-like behaviors which are possibly related to its anti-oxidative effect on the brain. Also, it did not cause any negative changes in the biochemical and histopathological analysis.

In this study we differentially showed the effects of cell-seeded bilayer scaffold wound dressing in accelerating healing process in diabetic ulcers that still remains as a major clinical challenge. The aim of the study was to compare immunomodulatory and angiogenic activity, and regenerative effect differences between Menstrual blood-derived Stem Cells (MenSCs) and foreskin-derived keratinocytes/fibroblasts.

The streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice model was developed in male C57/BL6 mice. A bilayer scaffold was fabricated by electrospining silk fibroin nanofibers on human Amniotic Membrane (AM). Dermal fibroblasts and keratinocyte isolated from neonatal foreskin and MenSCs were isolated from the menstrual blood of healthy women. The diabetic mice were randomly divided into three groups including no treatment group, fibroblast/keratinocyte-seeded bilayer scaffold group (bSC+FK), and MenSCs-seeded bilayer scaffold group. The healing of full-thickness excisional wounds evaluations in the diabetic mice model in each group were evaluated at 3, 7, and 14 days after treatment.

The gross and histological data sets significantly showed wound healing promotion via re-epithelialization and wound contraction along with enhanced regeneration in MenSCs-seeded bilayer scaffold group with the most similarity to adjacent intact tissue. Immunofluorescence staining of mouse skin depicted a descending trend of type III collagen along with the higher expression of involucrin as keratinocyte marker in the MenSCs-seeded bilayer nanofibrous scaffold group in comparison with other treatment groups from day 7 to day 14. Moreover, higher levels of CD31 and von Willebrand factor (VWF), and also a higher ratio of M2/M1 macrophages in association with higher levels of the neural marker were observed in the bSC+MenSCs group in comparison with bSC+FK and no treatment groups.

Healing symptoms in wounds dressed with keratinocyte/fibroblast-seeded bilayer scaffold was significantly lower than MenSCs-seeded bilayer scaffold done on impaired diabetic wound chronicity.

To evaluate the efficiency of Menstrual blood Stromal/Stem Cells (MenSCs) administration in Myocardial Infarction (MI), the effects of MenSCs and their derived conditioned Medium (CM) on cardiac function in MI rat model was assessed.

Animals were divided into four groups including sham group, MI group, MenSCs derived CM group (CM group), and MenSCs suspended in CM (MenSCs+ CM) group. The injection of different groups was carried out 30 min after ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery into the infarct border zone.

The results showed a significant reduction in scar size after injection of MenSCs+CM compared to MI group. Ejection fraction and fractional shortening of MenSCs+CM group were higher than CM and MI group at day 28. Administration of MenSCs+CM led to much more survival of cardiomyocytes, and prevention of metaplastic development. Moreover, human mitochondrial transfer from MenSCs to cardiomyocytes was seen in group treated by MenSCs+CM. Indeed, MenSCs+CM treatment evoked nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) down-regulation more than other treatments.

MenSCs+CM treatment could significantly ameliorate cardiac function by different mechanisms including inhibition of cartilaginous metaplasia, inhibition of NF- κB and mitochondrial transfer.

Remote organ injury is a phenomenon that could happen following myocardial infarction (MI). We evaluated the potency of menstrual blood stromal (stem) cells (MenSCs) and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) to alleviate remote organ injuries following MI in rats.

2 × 106 MenSCs or BMSCs were administrated seven days after MI induction via the tail vein. Four weeks after cell therapy, activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, creatinine, and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) were evaluated. The level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were determined by ELISA assay. The expression of Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Apoptosis activity and tissue damage were also determined by TUNEL and H&E staining, respectively.

MenSCs and BMSCs administration caused a significant reduction in AST, urea, and BUN levels compared with the MI group. In addition, systemic injection of MenSCs significantly decreased the IL-1β level compared with BMSCs and MI groups (P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively). Apoptosis in injured kidneys was noticeably diminished in MenSCs-treated rats compared with BMSCs administrated and MI groups (P<0.05 and P<0.05, respectively). In hepatic tissue, limited numbers of TUNEL-positive cells were detected in all groups. Interestingly, MenSCs therapy evoked inhibition of NF-κB in the kidney strikingly. Although, no significant NF-κB expression was observed in hepatic tissue in any group (P>0.05).

MenSCs are probably more protective than BMSCs on remote organ injuries following MI via decreasing cell death and immunoregulatory properties.

Spondylolisthesis known as kinky back syndrome is a deformity of the free sixth thoracic vertebra including enlargement and rotation resulting in posterior paralysis in broiler chicken. Genotype, feeding regimes and environment are involved in occurrence of this congenital anomaly. Spondylolisthesis may result in or happen simultaneously with two other major axial skeleton pathologies including spondylosis and spondylitis as a result of occurrence of degenerative necrobiotic lesions and inflammation of the vertebrae, respectively. This report deals with a male broiler chicken with posterior paralysis in the second week of rearing. After euthanasia, the specimen was evaluated at macroscopic and microscopic levels. Macroscopic findings showed the unilateral enlargement of body and transverse process of sixth thoracic vertebra and downward rotation of the body. The histopathological studies revealed the focal chondronecrosis and degenerative changes in articular facets and cranial process of the vertebra. In conclusion, a diagnosis of spondylolisthesis followed by spondylosis was made based on macroscopic and histopathological findings that to the authors’ best knowledge, is the first report in a broiler farm in Iran.

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the major causes of hepatic failure during liver transplantation, trauma, and infections. The present study investigated the protective effect of intra-portal administration of 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde (2-MCA) on hepatic IRI in rats. Twenty-four rats were equally divided into four groups; 1) sham group, (no IRI or transfusion), 2) Hepatic IRI (60 min ischemia + 120 min reperfusion, 3) Hepatic IRI+ NS (IRI + normal saline), 4) Hepatic IRI+2-MCA, (IRI + 2-MCA). In groups 3 and 4, 1 ml/kg normal saline and 2-MCA were administered slowly into the vein of the left lateral and median lobes of the liver 10 min before induction of hepatic reperfusion (upper the site of clumping), respectively. The harvest time points were at 2 hours post-reperfusion in all groups. Histologically, cell death, degenerative changes, sinusoidal dilatation, congestion, hemorrhage, and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in IRI group, while these pathological changes were attenuated in the 2-MCA administrated group. The level of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, tumor necrosis factor- α and interleukin-6 in serum and hepatic malondialdehyde were significantly increased by IRI, and 2-MCA administration reduced all these markers. In addition, caspase-3 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) expression were investigated immunohistochemically. Administration of 2-MCA considerably decreased caspase-3 positive cells and NF-κB activity in comparison with IRI group. As a conclusion, in situ administration of 2-MCA protects against hepatic IRI via anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.

Coenurus cerebralis is the larval stage of Taenia multiceps inhabiting the small intestine of dogs and wild carnivores as the definitive hosts. A two-year-old wild female goat (Capra aegagrus) was referred with signs of lateral recumbency and seizure for four days and loss of appetite. In clinical examination, paddling, convulsion, and unconsciousness were observed indicating central nervous system disorder. Biochemical analyses showed increased levels of hematocrit, creatinine phosphorous, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen and calcium. No bacteria has been grown on culture medium taken from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The amount of total protein of the CSF was 1.10 g dL-1 (normal range = 20 - 40 mg dL-1). Hematological changes represented a left shift degenerative leukocytosis. At necropsy, two cysts sized over the 3 × 3 cm were detected, one on occipital lobe of the right hemisphere and the other on superior colliculi. The cysts contained a translucent fluid with a number of clusters of scolice growing from the inner layer of the cysts.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of coenurosis occurrence in Capra aegagrus.

Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent with antineoplastic and immunosuppressive effects. Acrolein, one of its metabolites, is responsible for different toxic side effects such as oxidative stress, and cell death. The present study aimed to evaluate protective effects of farnesol, a natural terpenoid with antioxidant effects, on cyclophosphamide induced side effects.
For this purpose, mice received 200 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide plus 5 or 10 mg/kg of farnesol as pretreatment for 7 days. At the end of the study, samples from blood and different organs were collected. Histopathological and biochemical analyses including malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) content as well as alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were done to determine the toxic effects of cyclophosphamide and probable protective effect of farnesol.
Application of farnesol as a pretreatment could reduce tissue damages induced by cyclophosphamide particularly in testis, liver and spleen. The kidney did not show any relapse in tissue damages induced by cyclophosphamide. The testis demonstrated the most improvement by administration of farnesol, and the anti-oxidant enzymes increased in testicular tissues.
This study indicated the protective effect of farnesol against oxidative stress induced by cyclophosphamide in the tissues, especially at the dose of 10 mg/kg on the testicular tissue. Hence, it might be beneficial in patients who are using cyclophosphamide.

Ketamine is applied to induce symptoms of schizophrenia in animal models. Besides the nervous system, ketamine also affects male lower genitourinary tracts. The present study evaluated the effects of carvacrol on antioxidant enzymes and examined the histopathologic changes in the testes of ketamine induced schizophrenic mice.
A total of 48 male mice were treated with 25 mg/kg ketamine or saline for a period of 14 days. Between the 8th and 14th days, the animals received carvacrol (25 and 50 mg/kg) or saline. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken to measure luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone; the testes were also collected for biochemical and histopathological evaluations.
The results indicated that induction of schizophrenia by ketamine led to an oxidative stress by increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) level (P The present study showed that ketamine causes oxidative stress and damage in testicular tissues and co-administration with carvacrol prevents the harmful effects of ketamine.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression and amplification have been studied as a therapeutic and prognostic target in a number of tumors although conflicting data exist about the incidence and clinical consequence of HER2/neu status in the patients with colorectal cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of HER2/neu and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and prognostic factors.
This study involved 50 specimens of malignant colorectal cancer lesions and HER-2/neu expression was evaluated by the Hercep-Test Kit.
Out of 50 cases, most of them (76%) were HER2/neu negative and in 12 (24%) cases, HER2/neu positive immunostaining were detected. 24% (n = 12), 36% (n = 18), 30% (n = 15), and 10% (n = 5) were scored as 3, 2, 1, and 0 respectively. No significant association was noted between HER-2/neu expression and patients’ age, tumor size, gender, location, grade and stage (P > 0.05).
The immunohistochemical evaluation of HER2/neu overexpression for potential targeted anti-HER2 therapy may not be valuable for the patients with colorectal cancer and also studies with larger sample sizes using standardized tests are needed to understand the exact biologic role of HER-2/neu in this type of tumor.

Numerous epidemiological and experimental researches indicate that in utero exposure to some environmental chemicals and prescribed drugs during pregnancy can mediate various embryonic abnormalities and complications via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which damages cellular macromolecules.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sulfonamide-associated nephrotoxicity with possible underlying mechanisms in chicken embryo.
In this experimental study, one hundred fertile eggs were obtained and divided into five groups: 1) control group (without injection), 2) group injected with 2 mg sulfadiazine, 3) group injected with 10 mg sulfadiazine, 4) group injected with 30 mg sulfadiazine and 5) group injected with 70 mg sulfadiazine. After hatching, the renal tissue from the newly hatched chick was harvested for histopathologic investigation and also measurement of oxidative stress parameters [the ferric reducing capacity assay, the glutathione content (GSH) and the situation of lipid peroxidation (LPO)] by spectrophotometer.
Histologic examination of the renal tissue revealed that sulfadiazine induces hydropic degeneration, tubular necrosis, glomerular and tubular atrophy, formation of hyaline cast, congestion, hemorrhage, interstitial nephritis and fibrosis.
Result showed the dose-dependent administration of sulfadiazine significantly altered the histopathologic structure of renal tissues of chickens. Furthermore, the major histopathologic events in the course of sulfadiazine cytotoxicity are renal tubule epithelial cell necrosis, interstitial nephritis and fibrosis, formation of hyaline cast and congestion and hemorrhage, although sulfadiazine at dose 30 mg and 70 mg caused perturbation in antioxidant defense system by marked increase in LPO, and decrease in GSH.

This study examined changes in lipid profile in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock in comparison with non-sepsis patients admitted to the medical ICU and its association with mortality. Through sampling of internal ICU admitted patients in Seman Kostar hospital, patients were divided into two groups of sepsis (n=107) and non-septic (n=115). Then, serum level of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL with specific kit was evaluated randomly at first and fifth day after ICU admition.Then, two groups was compared. In sepsis and non-septic groups, 51.4% and 47% were men and the remainder was women, mean age was 74.2 and 68 years, mortality rate was 76.6% and 46.9%, respectively. In the first instance, compared with non-septic, lipid variables except triglycerides and cholesterol decreased significantly and in the second instance, cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL reduced and HDL increased. HDL in sepsis and TG at fifth day and LDL at fifth day in non-septic group was associated with mortality rate. Patients with severe sepsis and septic shock had lower levels of serum lipid profiles compared with patients without sepsis in ICU. Serum HDL in sepsis and LDL and TG in non-septic patients had prognostic role.

Histological grading is a good parameter to stratify tumors according to their biological aggressiveness. The Elston and Ellis grading method in humans, invasive ductal breast carcinomas and other invasive tumors are routinely used. The aims of this study were classification of mammary gland tumors and also application of a human grading method in canine mammary carcinoma. The samples included 37 tumors of mammary glands. Mammary tumors were carcinomas (n = 32) and sarcomas (n = 5). The carcinomas were classified as simple carcinoma 56.8% (n = 21), complex carcinoma 13.5% (n = 5), carcinoma arising from benign tumor 10.8% (n= 4) and special type of carcinoma 5.4% (n = 2). Out of 32 carcinomas studied, 37.5% (n = 12) grade I, 46.9% (n = 15) grade II and 15.6% (n = 5) grade III. This study demonstrated that the Elston and Ellis method of histological grading in canine mammary tumor is a reliable prognostic factor which is correlated with histopathological classification