فهرست مطالب hassan ahmadinia

 Responsible reporting can prevent suicide. The purpose of this study was to determine the status of suicide news reports published in national newspapers and news agencies during 2019-2021and the Covid-19 disease.

 The present descriptive study is a follow-up study, first conducted in 2018. The news published by 9 newspapers (Hamshahri, Jam-e-Jam, Iran, Etelaat, Keihan, Sharq, Etemad, Arman, and Shahrvand) and 6 national news agencies (ISNA, IRNA, Fars, Khabaronline, Mehr, and Tasnim) from March 2019 to March 2021, was extracted and the findings were reported as number (percentage), mean, and standard deviation. The data were analyzed using independent t-test and chi-square test.

 A total of 927 news (newspapers: 416, news agencies: 511) related to suicide were extracted. The compliance mean scores were obtained 9.46 and 9.28 out of 15 in the newspapers and news agencies, respectively. All in all, the number of reported news in newspapers and news agencies has dereased in 2019 compared to 2018, however it significantly increased in 2020. This trend can be observed in all newspapers exept Hamshahri and Etelaat and all news agencies exept Mehr and IRNA. There was an increase in the compliance mean score in 2019 and 2020 compared to 2018, however there was a decrease in 2020 compared to 2019.

 The news published in newspapers and news agencies is done somewhat irresponsibly. These reports have been improved compared to 2018, but media personnel and editors of magazines and newspapers should receive necessary training in this field.

Suicide and attempted suicide are among the major public health problems and the most important indicators of public mental health, which vary according to economic, social, cultural, environmental, and individual factors. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the geographical epidemiology of suicide and attempted suicide in a 5-year period in the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad Province.

In this cross-sectional study, all the people who committed suicide (382 cases) and attempted suicide (7039 cases) in the citiies of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad Province, during 2017 to 2021, were investigated. Data were collected using the National Suicide Prevention Program Checklist and the age-standardized incidence rate was calculated for the cities.

The most cases of suicide in these cities were among people of the age group 15 to 24 years old (30.80 to 76.50 percent), 25 to 34 years old (5.90 to 50 percent), single (46.20 to 100 percent), unemployed (23.54 to 52.90 percent), and housewives (11.90 to 38.5 percent), and also the most important cases of suicide attempt among people aged 15 to 24 years old (44.40 to 57.50 percent), 25 to 34 years old (25.70 to 32.60 percent), single (45.69 to 80.70 percent), unemployed (20.84 to 70.10 percent), and housewives (18.50 to 45.83 percent). Men had the highest frequency of suicide and women had the highest frequency of suicide attempts.

In all the cities of the province, most of the people who committed suicide or attempted suicide were between the ages of 15 and 34 and unemployed. Therefore, those in charge of health should necessarily pay special attention to the screening and referral of vulnerable groups, as well as the creation of employment opportunities, the family formation of young people, the education of puberty issues. And other problems of this age group.

Needle stick is one of the problems faced by the employees of healthcare centers, especially nurses. Considering the importance of this issue, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the health belief model on the preventive behaviors of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and AIDS infections among nurses in the ICU departments of Imam Hassan hospital in Bojnord city.

The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted in an interventional way in 2022 on 76 employees of the ICU department of the the Imam Hassan hospital who were allocated in two experimental and control groups. The samples were selected by simple random sampling method. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire. SPSS statistical software version 20 was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that sharp object penetration training had a significant effect on the components of the health belief model, including perceived sensitivity, perceived intensity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, symptoms for action and behavior, and exposure behaviors.

By holding training courses, the necessary information on the prevention of injuries caused by sharp objects should be transferred to the health and treatment staff.

The development of the mental health scale among students requires the use of efficient screening tools that are compatible with the society's culture. Since every evaluation tool such as a questionnaire must have adequate validity and reliability, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the validity and reliability of the questionnaire used to determine suicidal thoughts and actions among the students of an Iranian university of technology in 2021.

This descriptive study was conducted in 2021 on 8440 students of an Iranian university of technology. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, whose content validity was checked using the content validity ratio (CVR) and the content validity index (CVI). The internal reliability of the questionnaire was checked by Cronbach's alpha and Kuder-Richardson method.

Since 10 experts checked the questions, the acceptable CVR for this questionnaire was 0.62, and 39 questions were within the acceptable range. In examining the CVI of the questions, 40 questions had an acceptable CVI (higher than 0.79). Cronbach's alpha and kuder-Richardson's coefficients in measuring the internal reliability of this questionnaire were calculated as 0.93 and 0.87, respectively, indicating that this questionnaire has good reliability.

Based on the results of the current study, the students’ mental and social health questionnaire has relatively appropriate validity and reliability, but it seems necessary to change and replace some questions that did not have favorable content validity ratio and content validity index.

Paying attention to psychological issues and characteristics of military service is one of the points that must be assessed by senior planners and commanders.

In the present descriptive correlational study, 604 soldiers serving in the barracks of Kerman province in 2021 were studied. Cluster sampling was used to select the statistical sample from the two barracks of Martyr Ashraf Ganjavii and Martyr Bahonar of the police force. Three characteristics of Mental Health, Personality Traits and Psychological Empowerment were compared in two groups of newly arrived and discharged soldiers.

Two hundred fifty-seven people (42.5%) were in the group of newly arrived soldiers, and 347 people (57.5%) were in the other group. The average scores of the discharged group in all aspects of mental health were lower than those of the newly arrived group (p<0.05). The average scores of two dimensions of neuroticism and extraversion in the discharged group was significantly higher than that of the newly arrived group (p<0.05). Also the two groups had a significant difference in competence score (p=0.048).

According to the results of this study, military service has had a negative effect on the mental health of soldiers. Nonetheless, it cannot be alleged that military service had a significant effect on the psychological empowerment of soldiers. Consequently, it seems obligatory to use psychological and clinical consultants and doctors for appropriate interventions to increase mental health, such as education, counseling, and psychotherapy.

Hypogonadism is a common complication in men with type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of hypogonadism and some related factors in men with type 2 diabetes referred to the Endocrinology Clinic of Ali Ibn Abi Talib Hospital of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2021.

In this descriptive study, 111 men with type 2 diabetes were examined. After completing the questionnaire and measuring blood pressure and waist circumference, 10 cc of fasting blood was taken to measure serum levels of total testosterone (TT), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Data was analyzed using chi-square test, independent t-test, Pearson’s correlation test, and logistic regression.

The mean and standard deviation of age of patients was 58.61±10.62 years. Twenty six patients (23.42%) had hypogonadism. With increasing body mass index, the TT levels (p=0.034), LH (p=0.008) and FSH (p=0.028) significantly decreased. With increasing HbA1c, the levels of TT (p=0.035), LH (p=0.004) and FSH (p=0.001), with increasing systolic blood pressure, the level of LH (p=0.025), and with increasing age, the levels of LH and FSH (p<0.001) significantly increased; however, with increasing waist circumference, the levels of TT (p=0.006), LH and FSH (p<0.001) significantly reduced. Mean TT (p=0.011), LH (p=0.017), and FSH (p=0.014) levels were significantly higher in those taking the drug.

With an increase in waist circumference, disease duration, and follicle stimulating hormone, the odds of hypogonadism increased. It is recommended to the health officials to take the necessary preventive measures including increasing the awareness of the male community.

During the coronavirus pandemic, e-learning is considered an essential element in educational systems. Keeping the student's effective interaction with the pharmacology course is always a serious challenge in the virtual education of this lesson. Therefore, the current study aimed to design, implement, and evaluate the virtual teaching methods of pharmacology course among medical students.

In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, 133 medical students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, who were studying pharmacology during the coronavirus pandemic in the academic year 2019-2020, were included. Then, the simplified educational content of the pharmacology course was prepared in the form of pictures along with explanatory clouds and summary tables and uploaded to the learning management system (NAVID). Supplementary written content, which complemented the educational clips of each class session, was provided to the students in order to summarize the topic and learn better. After finishing the class, an online questionnaire was completed by the students, and the data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and independent t-test.

There were 66 (49.6%) students of 2017 entrance and 67 students (50.4%) of 2018 entrance. The satisfaction level of the students after the evaluation through the questionnaire regarding the supplementary educational method was significantly higher than the simplified method (p<0.001). There was observed no significant difference in the level of satisfaction from both methods based on grade point average and age (p<0.05).

The design and implementation of simplified educational methods in the course of pharmacology was accompanied with satisfaction of students in online education in the time of coronavirus pandemic.

 Suicidal ideation (SI) serves as an important predictor of suicide. The prevalence of SI has increased following the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with SI after the pandemic in the Kerman province.

 This cross-sectional study was conducted in 23 counties of the Kerman province between 2021 and 2022. The Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI) was utilized to estimate SI, while multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the impact of various variables on SI.

 A total of 1421 individuals (47.7% men, 50.0% women and 2.3% unknown) with an average age of 35.17±9.47 years participated in this study. The estimated prevalence rate of SI was 9.2%, with variations ranging from 0% to 42% across different counties. Individuals with SI exhibited a significantly younger mean age and fewer family members. Furthermore, SI was significantly more prevalent among single participants, unemployed individuals, students, those with a history of mental illness, prior psychiatric medication use, and previous SI. Employed individuals had 87% lower odds of experiencing SI compared to the unemployed. Individuals with a history of prior SI had 239 times higher odds of SI than those without such a history. Additionally, each year increase in age corresponded to an 8.8% decrease in the odds of SI.

 The high prevalence of SI is concerning, and it is essential to remain vigilant regarding its health and social consequences as the pandemic continues. Therefore, it is imperative to provide enhanced mental health services, particularly targeting at-risk groups.

 Suicide is a serious public health problem, and suicide attempt is defined as one of the important indicators of mental health in a society. The present study investigated the relationship between resilience and suicidal thoughts in Rafsanjani youth.

 This cross-sectional descriptive study examined 3006 young people aged 15-35 who referred to Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS). Connor and Davidson’s questionnaire was used to measure resilience. The data, including demographic characteristics and cases related to suicide, were extracted from the computer system, which is part of the Rafsanjan Youth Cohort Program. Independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey’s post-hoc test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression model were used to analyze the data.

 A total of 3006 individuals were studied, of whom 1685 (56.1%) were women, and 1321 (43.9%) were men. The average age of the participants was 25.75±6.09 years. Men had a significantly higher average score of resilience (P<0.001) and suicidal thoughts (P=0.002) than women. In addition, the average score of suicidal thoughts in divorced and widowed people was significantly higher than single and married people (P=0.029). It was shown that older age groups had higher average resilience (P<0.001) and fewer suicidal thoughts (P=0.003), and people over 30 years had the lowest average suicidal thoughts.

 The results indicate an inverse and significant relationship between resilience and suicidal thoughts in both men and women. Therefore, more evaluations are necessary to investigate the factors affecting resilience and take measures to improve it among young people.

Maintaining workers’ safety in the workplace can be achieved by promoting protective behaviors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of protective behaviors in relation to the theoretical structures of the protection motivation theory.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 paint workers in Rafsanjan city. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitude, protective behaviors, and theoretical structures. A structural equation model was employed to investigate the impact of motivational theory structures on protective intentions and behaviors.

The present study showed that, despite a relatively acceptable level of knowledge, the status of protective behavior in painting workers was not favorable. Correlation tests indicated that protective behaviors had a positive relationship with knowledge, self-efficacy, and response efficacy structures, while negatively and significantly related to the perceived cost structure. (p <0.05). Overall, the protection motivation theory structures had acceptable goodness of fit.

It is recommended that the structures of the protection motivation theory be utilized to persuade painting workers to comply with protective behaviors. Greater emphasis should be placed on creating a sense of threat caused by the lack of protective behavior in this group.

Suicidal thoughts have been increasing in recent years, and having multiple intelligences, including spiritual intelligence and aesthetic intelligence, can be effective in reducing them. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between spiritual intelligence and aesthetic intelligence and suicidal thoughts in the students of Asadabad School of Medical Sciences.

This descriptive study was conducted in the academic year 2022-2023 on the students of the School of Medical Sciences of Asadabad City. The statistical population included 267 students of Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, who were investigated by census. Data collection tools were Beck's Suicidal Thoughts, King's Spiritual Intelligence and Aesthetic Intelligence Questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, and Spearman's correlation coefficient.

A total of 165 people participated in the study. The results showed that the mean scores of all variables in the group with suicidal thoughts were significantly lower than the group without suicidal thoughts (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed between male and female students in terms of suicidal thoughts (p=0.155). Also, in the examination of the average scores of aesthetic intelligence and dimensions of spiritual intelligence, only the average of the personal meaning generation dimension among students had a significant difference (p=0.046).

The results showed that the higher aesthetic intelligence and spiritual intelligence people have, the less self-harming behaviors they probably have. Therefore, it is recommended to apply preventive policies in the form of educational workshops in the university in order to strengthen the spiritual intelligence and aesthetic intelligence of students.

Satisfaction with the services provided in health centers is one of the tools to improve the quality of services. The present study was carried out with the aim of determining the level of satisfaction among the clients of Anar urban comprehensive health service centers during the covid-19 epidemic.

This descriptive study was conducted among 322 clients of comprehensive health service centers. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance.

In the present study, the lowest level of satisfaction was reported from the waiting time to receive services and the unit providing mental health services. Regarding the level of satisfaction with educational skills, communication skills, and care skills of the personnel respectively 72.66%, 71.11%, and 72.97% of the clients chose the options high and very high.

Clients' satisfaction with health services during the Covid-19 epidemic was relatively favorable. It is recommended to reduce dissatisfaction factors and improve satisfaction with the services provided, especially mental health and dental services.

Examining the death trend of children under 5 years old can help in planning and policy making in the health field. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mortality trend of children under 5 years old in Rafsanjan City from 2011 to 2020.

In this descriptive study, 257 deaths of children under 5 years old in all areas covered by Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences has been investigated. The data collection tool was a checklist including the demographic information of the child, parents, cause of death, and criteria related to the economic and health status of the families. The information was obtained through the Health Deputy of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences and from the death registration system. The information was reported in the form of number and percentage, and the death rate in each region was calculated and displayed as a map.

The mean and standard deviation of children’s age was 14.90±14.79 months. 153 people (59.5%) were girls, 225 people (87.5%) were natives, 82 people (31.9%) were non-Iranians, and 154 people (59.9%) were city residents. 24 people (9.3%) died due to traffic accidents. 18 (7%) of the mothers also had a history of stillbirth. 255 people (99.2%) of these families had access to medical centers.

The death rate was higher in the villages than in the city. Also, a significant number of deaths of children living in the city were non-Iranian, perhaps it can be said that this is caused by less favorable conditions of healthcare facilities and services as well as the economic conditions in the villages. As a result, it seems that increasing the equipment and facilities of neonatal intensive care units can play an effective role in reducing child mortality.

 The utilization of effective educational methods is crucial for enhancing the clinical skills of health sciences students.

 This study aimed to assess the impact of a blended teaching approach involving videos and demonstrations in clinical skills training on midwifery students’ performance and satisfaction.

 This quasi-experimental study was carried out with 41 midwifery students from Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran, using a census sampling method within 2018 to 2019. The experimental group received training through a combination of video presentations and demonstrations; nevertheless, the control group received training solely through demonstrations. The data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, a satisfaction scale, and the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Data analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test with SPSS software (version 16).

 The experimental group exhibited significantly higher mean scores in vital signs assessment, intravenous therapy, injection techniques, urinary catheterization, application and removal of sterile gloves, and prepping and draping for normal delivery (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the mean scores for hand washing (P = 0.380) and oxygen therapy (P = 0.604) between the two groups. The combined group achieved notably better scores in the OSCE, with scores of 18.25 (1.58) compared to 16.60 (1.60) in the control group (P = 0.002). Additionally, the combined group expressed higher satisfaction with the training method, scoring 86.10 (9.50) compared to 75.52 (16.07) in the control group (P = 0.027). Moreover, the combined group reported significantly higher levels of satisfaction regarding the facilitation of educational content transfer and overall satisfaction with the training course (P < 0.05).

 Employing instructional videos and demonstrations as a combined teaching method for basic clinical skills training results in improved student performance and satisfaction.

Chronic exposure to Arsenic (As) can increase the risk of diabetes mellitus. This study aims to determine the relationship between exposure to the As by drinking water and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in two urban populations of Rafsanjan and Kashkuyeh, Iran, in 2020.

In this research, 120 participants from Rafsanjan and Kashkuyeh were recruited and divided into four groups. The first two groups have lived in Rafsanjan and Kashkuyeh for the past 10 years, and the second two groups have lived in these two cities for less than a year. Individuals with two episodes of fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥ 126 mg/dl were considered to have diabetes.

As was found in high levels in all samples (10 samples) in Rafsanjan and 55% of samples (10 samples) in Kashkuyeh. The prevalence of diabetes was significantly higher in people with a residence duration of more than 10 years (p = 0.038). The analysis of Multiple Logistic Regression model demonstrated that the chance of developing diabetes in people who had lived in either city for more than 10 years was almost 5.7 times higher than others (OR = 5.79; P = 0.003). Also, the chance of developing diabetes was 91% higher in people who had lived in Rafsanjan compared with Kashkuyeh, and 91% higher in men than in women (OR = 1.915; P = 0.215).

Chronic exposure (≥ 10 years) to high levels of As by drinking water can increase the risk of diabetes, and future research is needed in this regard.

Suicide is one of the most important public health problems. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the epidemiology of suicide and some related demographic factors in Asadabad City during 2017-2021.

The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on all cases of suicide leading to death and attempted suicide in Asadabad City, referred to health care units (hospital emergency and forensic medicine) from the beginning of 2017 to March 2021. The monthly report checklist of the suicide prevention program was used to collect data. The data was reported as numbers (percentages) in the form of graphs and statistical tables.

According to the results of this study, during the years 2017 to 2021, 840 people committed suicide, out of which 73 cases (8.69%) resulted in death. The trend of the rate of suicide attempts in Asadabad City from 2017 to 2021 was increasing according to gender in both city and rural areas, and in all the years of 2017-2021 (except 2018) the rate of suicide attempts was higher in women than men. The highest suicide rate was among those aged 15-24 and the lowest among those aged 64 and older.

Due to the rising trend of suicide attempts in Asadabad City, it is essential serious plans be developed by health and medical centers, including educational interventions, establishment of family counseling centers, training for families, students, and vulnerable groups to reduce this problem.

 Postoperative pain management is one of the major challenges of surgeons and anesthesiologists.

 This study aimed to determine the efficacy of topical ketorolac in post-hemorrhoidectomy pain management.

 This clinical trial was conducted on 84 candidates for hemorrhoidectomy (grade-II hemorrhoids) who visited Ali ibn Abi-Talib hospital of Rafsanjan, Kerman, Iran (2020 - 2021). The participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups of 28. The subjects were treated in topical (4 mL 0.5% Marcaine + 1 mL ketorolac at the surgical site), intramuscular (4 mL 0.5% Marcaine at the surgical site + 1 mL ketorolac intramuscularly), and control (4 mL 0.5% Marcaine at the surgical site) groups. Pain intensity was measured using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale 1, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. The obtained data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance.

 Female and male patients constituted 46.4% and 53.6% of the participants, respectively. The mean pain intensity was significantly lower in the topical group than in intramuscular and control treatments in all four stages of pain assessment (P < 0.001). Some participants were treated with pethidine due to high pain intensity. However, the mean pain intensity gradually reduced over time in all three groups.

 Study findings suggested that the topical administration of ketorolac and Marcaine was more effective than Marcaine used alone for relieving pain in patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an immediate action to delay or prevent death with cardiopulmonary arrest. Since nurses are usually the first to face this situation, the current study examines the nurses’ awareness of the latest CPR protocol at the Ali Ibn Abitalib Hospital in Rafsanjan.

In this descriptive study conducted in the Ali Ibn Abitalib Hospital in Rafsanjan in 2019, 279 nurses were chosen by census method, and their level of awareness was assessed using a questionnaire based on the latest CPR instructions and the American Heart Association guidelines. Data analysis was accomplished by independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests.

The average age of the participants in this study was about 34.59±7.01, out of which 182 (65.23%) were women. The average awareness score was estimated to be 71.84±5.57 (the highest score was 84.06 and the lowest score 52.17). Nine participants (3.22%), 255 participants (91.4%), and 15 participants (5.38%) had a weak, good, and excellent awareness, respectively. Meanwhile, the correlation between nurse’s awareness and CPR courses was not significant (p=0.544). 

Most of the nurses had a good level of awareness of CPR, and practical training, exercises, and course evaluations in the field of CPR are recommended to increase the level of awareness of CPR.

Information about COVID-19 patients must be studied meticulously to control the COVID-19 pandemic more effectively. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological features of COVID-19 patients in Rafsanjan County.

In this descriptive study, data of 3,212 patients referred to the Ali-Ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Rafsanjan County, Iran were recorded. Collected data included demographic information (age, sex, etc.), information about the method of referral to the hospital, contact history, previous history of infections, clinical symptoms associated with the disease, and data on comorbidities. Data were analyzed using a chi-square test and logistic regression coefficients.

The three common clinical symptoms were fevers (46%), muscular pain (44.6%), and coughs (34%). The most common comorbidity was hypertension (7.9%), and the case fatality rate was 10.8%. Besides, the death ratio in confirmed patients was significantly higher than that in suspected cases (P < 0.001). The chance of death in men was 16% higher than Women's (OR = 1.166). The chance of death in people with cancer and in people with reduced levels of consciousness was 9.1 and 5.5 times, respectively, higher than that in patients without comorbidity (P < 0.001).

Most of the features of our patients resembled those reported in previous research. The results of this study can contribute to healthcare policymaking for this disorder.

 Considering the growing knowledge about stem cells and the role of cell-based therapies in the future, dentists should have adequate knowledge about oral stem cell sources and their applications in dentistry. The present study assessed the knowledge and attitude of dental students and recent dental graduates towards dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in Iran.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in 2021 on 175 participants, including 86 dental students and 89 recent dental graduates from the Dental School of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences (RUMS), Rafsanjan, Iran and Dental School of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran. A researcher-designed questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were assessed. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, independent t-test, and ANOVA.

The mean knowledge and attitude scores of the participants were 66.16±8.51% and 68.65±11.87%, respectively. The mean attitude score was significantly correlated with “interest in participating in the courses related to stem cells” and “scientific journal review rate”. The level of knowledge of the participants from SBMU was significantly higher than that of participants from RUMS (P<0.05). Other variables did not had a significant effect on the mean score of knowledge or attitude (P>0.05).

 Dental students had a positive attitude towards the application of stem cells; however, their knowledge was inadequate. Therefore, some appropriate measures must be adopted to enhance the knowledge of dental students about DPSCs, especially in universities with lower ranks.

Sufficient interaction between the trainers and the trainees in medical education is always one of the biggest challenges for an educational system. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of virtual interactions within the educational content of stroke on the effectiveness of teaching for general medicine students during COVID‑19 crisis.

Eight medical students applying for stroke education were divided into two groups by simple random sampling (Rafsanjan Medical School, 2020). The first group participated in an online classroom via the Adobe Connect platform without virtual interaction. The second group used a video presentation containing interaction scenarios. The effectiveness evaluation of each type of educational content was done by comparison of the final exam scores and the results of an electronic satisfaction questionnaire in each group. Finally, using SPSS software version 18, the data were analyzed with independent samples t‑test.

This study showed that the mean of the examination scores of the interactive virtual content group (6.14 ± 1.46) was significantly higher than the online class group (4.50 ± 1.50) (P < 0.001), and also the results of satisfaction assessment showed that this group was more satisfied with their educational content (P = 0.005).

Evaluation of the virtual stroke training effectiveness for general medical students shows that the educational approach of video with virtual interactions is an effective learning method in medical topics and can be considered as an efficacious educational model in online teaching.

Stroke is one of the most important and common causes of death and nervous system failure, worldwide. Therefore, areas of life in which the patient does not participate well should be identified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the status of participation and autonomy of stroke patients.

This is a descriptive study conducted in 2020 on 384 stroke patients in Kerman. Impact on Participation and Autonomy questionnaire (IPA-p) was used to assess the status of patients' participation and autonomy. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, multiple linear regression, independent t-test, and Pearson’s correlation test.

In this study, the total participation score of the questionnaire was reported 3.40±0.23. The highest participation score (3.80±0.69) was related to the area of activities inside or around the house and the lowest participation score (2.12±0.88) was related to the area of using and taking care of their money. According to multiple linear regression analysis, the mean score of participation and autonomy in men was lower than women (B=-0.371, p=0.012). The economic situation was reported to be the strongest predictor among all variables. The studied variables also explained 30.4 percentage of the changes in the participation score.

The results of the present study showed that stroke patients had less than 70 percentage participation in half of the questionnaire areas. The weakest area was the use and care of their money. It is necessary to take appropriate measures to improve the areas in which patients have weak participation.

One of the most important ways to improve neonatal health is Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF). 

 In this study, the determinants of EBF intention were investigated through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in nulliparous pregnant women. 

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 249 pregnant women in Kerman in 2020. Data was collected using a questionnaire, including, questions related to knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and the intention of EBF. SEM in Amos statistical software version 20 was used to examine the relationships between the studied variables.

The mean age of participants was 26.98±6.16 years and the majority of them were housewife. There was significant correlation between the intention of EBF and self-efficacy (r=0.597, P<0.001) knowledge (r=0.337, P<0.001) and attitude (r=0.344, P<0.001). Breastfeeding self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of intention to EBF (β=0.352, P<0.001).

This study revealed that mothers’ breastfeeding self-efficacy was the most important predictor of the EBF intention.

Medical students are considered a high-risk group for COVID-19 anxiety due to their health and medical activities. The aim of this study was to determine the level of anxiety caused by the COVID-19 epidemic among medical students in rafsanjan.

In this descriptive study, 400 students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences were selected by regular stratified sampling and participated in the study. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test.

228 (57%) were girls and the rest were boys. 29% (116 people) had a history of corona. 62.3% (249 people) of family members or relatives of participants had a history of infection or death due to corona. 25.3% (101 people) of the participants were active in the field of corona control. The mean scores of anxiety and psychological and physical subscales were 12.97±8.03, 10.06±5.07, and 2.91±3.69, respectively.

The results of the study indicated that there was anxiety among students. The reasons were more exposure to patients, contaminated work environment, wearing protective clothing and masks, and fear of contamination of oneself and family. Greater awareness of the disease, access to personal protective equipment, and vaccination are strategies that can be effective in reducing anxiety.

Higher education has a valuable role to play in the development of societies, and students are the most important audience in higher education. The aim of this study was to determine the level of satisfaction of nursing students with the inverted class teaching method in internships.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 with the participation of 40 nursing students with available sampling and census in Hamedan Midwifery Nursing School. The instrument of study was the demographic information form and the researcher-made questionnaire of satisfaction with the internship teaching method. The implementation of the Flipped class in the internship included the preparation of educational materials by the teacher and the creation of an opportunity to study at home and questions and answers in class. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 and descriptive statistical tests.

The means student satisfaction with the Flipped class teaching method (35.1 ± 5.61 Min. SD) was with a minimum score of 30 and a maximum score of 38. 100% of students reported experiencing less anxiety in the Flipped class than the usual internship teaching method.100% of students preferred the Flipped class teaching method to the usual teaching method.

Student participation in learning increases satisfaction with the teaching method. It is suggested that the inverted class method be used more in internship.