فهرست مطالب hassan nabipour afrouzi

Investigation of energy consumption and its management in industrial and semi-industrial units of livestock breeding is one of the most important issues in economy and energy of these units. The present study was conducted to investigate the energy flow and greenhouse gas emissions in dairy farms in Qazvin Province. Data was collected through questionnaires and face-to-face interviews with 62 dairy farm managers . The results showed that the total energy input to produce one liter of milk was 27.8 MJ. In addition, livestock and fuel feeders with 48% and 29% share were the most energy consuming units. Energy efficiency in this study was estimated to be 0.25. Greenhouse gas emissions were calculated to be 0.65 kg of carbon dioxide per liter of milk and among the inputs used, machinery and fuel accounted for 72% and 24% of greenhouse gas emissions, respectively,. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to increase energy efficiency and reduce environmental impacts by replacing low performance machines and equipment with higher performance ones and by consuming natural gas fuel instead of diesel fuel. It is also possible to reduce energy consumption by appropriately managing diets and using optimal nutritional patterns and suitable nutrition.

The poultry industry is very important in terms of supplying a significant portion of the country's food and protein needs. In this research, the energy consumption of broiler chickens has been evaluated. For this purpose, information was collected from 45 broiler chicken producers randomly collected in Mazandaran province. In this study, energy consumption and energy indices were calculated first and then, using artificial neural network, output energy modeling was considered as a function. The results of this study showed that total input and output energy in broiler chicken meat production was 153.79 and 27.45 GJ per 1000, respectively. In broiler chickens, the highest inputs were consumed with 61.48%. The energy ratio in the production of this product was also calculated to be 0.18. The artificial neural network results showed that the best structure for estimating the energy consumption of broiler chicken meat was estimated to be 5-12-1. The coefficient of explanation for the best structure for broiler chicken production was 0.99 for training data. Therefore, this model was selected as the best method for estimating the output energy based on input energy in the study area. In assessing the effectiveness of inputs on the outputs, the fossil fuel showed the highest sensitivity among the production inputs that reveals the needs for revision of the energy resources more than ever.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of corn gluten meal (4 and 8%) without processing and processed with protease enzyme (300 mg/L), in a completely randomized design with 2×2 factorial experiment and a control diet on broiler chicks performance, blood biochemical parameters, immunity and ileum microbial population. 200 commercial strains Ross 308 male broiler chicks with 5 treatments, 4 replicates and 10 chicks in each replicates were reared for 38 d. During the experiment, feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were measured. At the age of 30, 37 to evaluate the immunity and At the age of 38 to evaluate some blood biochemical parameters, blood were taken from the wing vein. At the end of experimental period microbial population of ileum were investigate. Results of this study indicated that experimental diets containing 4 and 8% corn gluten meal with protease enzyme processing in interactions and independent comparison to the control diet increased feed intake, body weight gain and reduced feed conversion ratio (P<0.05), and also experimental diets containing 8% corn gluten meal with protease enzyme processing in interactions and independent comparison to the control diet increased immunity, superoxide dismutase and reduced harmful microbial flora during the finishing period of the experiment (P<0.05). In general, the results of the present experiment showed that the use of treated corn gluten meal with protease enzyme in vitro improved performance, immunity and reduced harmful microbial population in the broiler chicks.