فهرست مطالب hassan reza aryairad

The Middle East region, with its special geopolitical position, has always been important for the great powers, and the countries of this region have also continuously provided the cradle of important regional crises and conflicts. Syria, as a Middle East actor and a special strategic position that is considered a sensitive point in the connection of the three continents of Asia, Europe and Africa, with a special internal situation, including ethnic, racial and religious diversity, makes this country prone to crises. ethnic, religious and racial, and the smallest political instability in this country will end in a huge crisis.This research, using the analytical descriptive method, seeks to answer the question, what were the foundations of the crisis in Syria? In response to this question, the hypothesis has been investigated that the different distribution of political power and economic resources in the minority and majority sectors. Syrian society has caused a conflict which is analyzed based on the theoretical framework of relative deprivation.

The purpose of the present study is to review the political role of “refq” (tolerance) and “khorq” (ignorance) in the political idea of Imam Khomeyni. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the model under discussion is presented based on the theory of two natures and with an emphasis on the theoretical framework of the four causes. The research relies on the hypothesis that since “refq” is related to makhmourah nature and is considered as one of the soldiers of reason and belongs to the transcendental philosophical school; and “khorq” is related to Mahjoubah nature and is considered as one the soldiers of ignorance and belongs to the mundane philosophical school, they can lead to the formation of an either transcendental legitimizing or mundane society. The results showed that based on the viewpoint of Imam Khomeyni, the actualization of moral politics refers to opening of hearts and that the governments and societies need to actualize tolerance and avoid violence. Therefore, such governments consider power as a means to serve the society and make it achieve prosperity.