فهرست مطالب hesam mostafavi toroghi

  Respiratory variation in Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) diameter is validated for estimation of Right Atrial Pressure (RAP) by echocardiogram. Although IVC flow into the Right Atrium (RA) can be appreciated in parasternal views, it is not routinely evaluated. We have observed an uninterrupted continuous wave (CW) Doppler flow signal from the IVC during sampling of the Tricuspid Regurgitation (TR) jet. The present study aimed to show that this uninterrupted signal was a surrogate for normal/low RAP. This retrospective study was conducted on 500 consecutive echocardiograms and sought continuous flow from IVC into the RA in the subcostal view. RAP was then measured using IVC dynamics like size and respirophasic variation. Analysis was performed by comparison of the percentages. Out of the 500 echocardiograms, 60 (12%) had Doppler evidence of continuous IVC flow into the RA. Among these 60 echocardiograms, RAP was calculated in 57 patients. Accordingly, RAP was 3 mmHg in 54 (95%) and 8 mmHg in 3 (5%) patients. RAP could not be estimated in three patients due to lack of visualization of IVC. Furthermore, RA volume index was normal in 51 patients (85%), but increased in 9 ones (15%). Right Ventricular (RV) function was also normal in 48 (96%) and low in 2 (4%) patients. The study findings supported the hypothesis that continuous flow from IVC into RA on CW Doppler is a surrogate for IVC dynamics in normal/low RAP and is particularly useful when subcostal views are suboptimal or inaccessible due to poor acoustic windows

The effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) on reproduction systems have been widely debated. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether low frequency EMF could ameliorate the in vitro fertilization success rate in Naval medical research institute (NMRI) Mice. In this randomized comparative animal study, ten NMRI mice were randomly divided into 2 equal groups (control and experimental). 10 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was injected intraperitoneally to both groups in order to stimulate ovulating, and ovums were then aspirated and kept in KSOM (modified version of sequential simplex optimization medium with a higher K+ concentration) culture medium. Metaphase II ovums were separated, and sperms obtained by «swim out» method were added to metaphase II ovums in the culture medium. The experimental group was exposed to 1. 3 millitesla pulsed electromagnetic field at 4 kilohertz frequency for 5 hours. To assess the efficacy, we considered the identification of two-pronuclear zygote (2PN) under microscope as fertilizing criterion. Total number of collected ovums in the control and experimental groups was 191 and 173, respectively, from which 58 (30. 05%) and 52 (30. 36%) ovums were collected from metaphase II, respectively. In vitro fertilization (IVF) success rate was 77% in extremely low frequency- pulsed electromagnetic field (ELF-PEMF) for exposed group (experimental), whereas the rate was 68% for control group. Despite increased percentile of IVF success rate in exposed group, there was no statistically significant difference between 2 groups, but this hypothesis has still been stated as a question. Further studies with larger sample sizes and different EMF designs are suggested.

Bacterial infection contributes substantially to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is difficult because clinical signs are non-specific. We have evaluated serum IL-6, 8 and 10 as potential early diagnostic markers of neonatal infection and their relationship to mortality rate and poor prognosis. A total of 84 infants, aged ≥ 72 hr were enrolled in this prospective case-control trial. The case group (n=41) included babies with clinical and laboratory findings compatible with sepsis and/or positive blood or cerebrospinal fluid cultures. The control group (n=43) included healthy infants. IL-6, 8 and 10 were measured for all infants. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used for the determination of thresholds. Statistically significant differences were observed between control and case groups for serum median level of IL-6, 8 and 10 (P<0.001). IL-6 cut-off values of 10.85 Pg/ml for discriminating between cases and controls and 78.2 Pg/ml for predicting mortality are suggested. IL-8 at a cut-off value of 60.05 Pg/ml was valuable for differentiation of definite versus indefinite infection. Evaluating the IL-6, 8 and 10 simultaneously, could improve the sensitivity and specificity of early diagnosis of the neonatal sepsis. Regarding our results, interleukin 6 had the greatest value for predicting infection and possible mortality, whereas IL-8 was valuable for diagnosing definitive infection.