فهرست مطالب hoorieh shaigan

Pregnancy and childbirth is one of the most important events in women's life, which can have significant effects on women's lives. Among these complications, gestational diabetes can be associated with physical and psychological consequences. Understanding the understanding of the disease has a predictive value in improving the health behaviors of patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-regulation theory based educational intervention on perceived stress in women with gestational diabetes.

This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial. Samples were selected from women with gestational diabetes in the prenatal ward of Alzahra hospital in Rasht (March 2018 to September 2018). Demographic characteristics and perceived stress questionnaires were completed in both groups. In the intervention group, the educational intervention was based on perception of the disease individually in 3 sessions daily. After the intervention and 4 weeks after the intervention, the perceived stress questionnaire was completed in both groups again.

Before intervention, there was no significant difference between demographic characteristics and perceived stress in the two groups (p=0.65). Immediately after the intervention (p<0.001) and one month after the intervention, the perceived stress scores of the experimental group (18.5±3.24) compared to the control group (23.20±7.87) were significantly decreased (p<0.002).

The results of the present study showed that self-regulation model based educational intervention can decrease the perceived stress of women with gestational diabetes. Therefore, this intervention is recommended as a useful, easy and low cost method for women with gestational diabetes to reduce stress in them.

Blighted ovum is one of the most common reasons for abortion during the first three months of pregnancy. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an important antioxidant enzyme in the human immune system. The gene is located on 6q25 chromosome and acts on mitochondrial matrix. In the case of mutation or inactivity of this enzyme, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA will severely be destructed. The most common polymorphism of its gene is Val16Ala.

The aim was to investigate a possible mutation in pregnant women who had abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy due to blighted ovum.

In this case-control study, 34 women were entered as the case and control groups, respectively. Genome DNA was extracted from saliva samples and its genotype was determined using Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction technique.

In the case group, 16 (48%) cases had Val/Val genotype, 17 (50%) were heterozygote and had Val/Ala genotype, and 1 (2%) had Ala/Ala genotype. Among controls, 7 (22%) items had Val/Val genotype, 6 (17%) had Val/Ala genotype, and 21 (61%) had Ala/Ala genotype. The frequency of TT, CT, and CC genotypes was 48%, 50%, and 2% in case group and 22%, 17%, and 61% in control group, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between Val16Ala polymorphism of MnSOD gene and blighted ovum (p= 0.0003).

It has concluded that a significant relationship exists between Val16Ala polymorphism of MnSOD gene and blighted ovum.

Anembryonic gestation (blighted ovum) is the most common identifiable pathology in the first trimester of pregnancy, always leads to miscarriage. Early pregnancy failures from blighted ovum are often due to chromosomal abnormalities and a poor quality of sperm or egg. Oxidative stresses as a factor of disturbance balance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant defenses is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including mouth and throat cancer and cardiovascular disease. Catalase is one of the defensive systems against damages caused by oxidative stress in human. The aim of this study was to compare the activity of salivary catalase in women with blighted ovum and women with history of normal pregnancy.
This case-control study was performed on 34 patient women with blighted ovum and 34 healthy women as a control group. The study was performed in biochemistry laboratory at the University of Guilan from October 2015 to July 2015. The age range was 20-44 years and 18-45 years in patient and control groups, respectively. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected using spitting method. Catalase activity was measured by evaluating the constant rate of hydrogen peroxide decomposition in patient and control groups.
The patient group matched with healthy subjects in average age and having no other diseases history. The biochemical enzymatic assays indicate that the average catalase activities of saliva in patient and control groups were 14.47±3.8 and 16.42±3.48, respectively. Therefore, the catalase activity was significantly reduced in patient group as compared to the control group (P=0.03).
The obtained results suggested that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of blighted ovum. Therefore, determination the activity of other antioxidant enzymes, in addition to catalse, may be used as a marker for diagnosis of blighted ovum. More studies with larger studied-population is recommended to confidently comment on the results of this study.

Patients awaiting surgery typically experience significant physical and psychological stress. Vital signs and serum cortisol level are altered in response to anxiety. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of preoperative education on physiological indices and cortisol level of female patients undergoing elective surgeries. In this single-blinded randomized controlled trial, 60 women undergoing gynecological elective surgeries in Kowsar Hospital (Qazvin, Iran) were randomly assigned to either control or intervention group. The patients of the intervention group were assessed based on the nursing process after admission. Subjects with anxiety, inadequate awareness, and fear received necessary training on anxiety reduction techniques. The control group merely received routine care. A questionnaire including demographic characteristics, baseline and preoperative vital signs, and serum cortisol level was completed for all subjects. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics (Fisher’s exact test, paired and independent t-tests, and Mann–Whitney U test) in SPSS17. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. The two groups were homogeneous in terms of age (P = 0.20), marital status (P = 0.50), education (P = 0.10), employment status (P = 0.13), and admission history (P = 0.30). There were no significant differences in baseline vital signs between the intervention and control groups. Before surgery, the mean values of vital signs increased in both the groups. However, the increments were less in the experimental group than in the control group. Serum cortisol levels were also lower in the experimental group compared to the control group (P < 0.01). Education based on the nursing process is a non-pharmaceutical and effective method to minimize changes in vital signs and decrease serum cortisol level in patients undergoing gynecological elective surgeries.

Techniques like APACHE IV (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV) are used extensively for predicting mortality rate of patients with different diagnosis in the intensive care unit who are admitted. These indexes are also considered as a standard tool for studying of hospitalized duration، quality evaluation of care provided and classification of illness severity. The purpose of this study was to determine the predicted mortality rate and duration of hospital stay in-patient admission in intensive care unit with APACHE IV technique.

This cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate patients during six months of 2010 of different sections of ICU wards in two health care centers. The study population had a utility profile and demographic and APACHE IV were used.

From 240 patients admitted in ICU، 159 patients (66. 3%) remained alive. The mean APACHE IV patients were 50. 62 ± 19. 07 (minimum 13 and maximum 98). The predicted mortality rate using APACHE IV، 11. 18 % and the observed mortality rate was 33. 7%. APACHE IV score in survived patients were 44. 94 and died patients were 66. 77% (P = 0. 000، t: 7. 10).

The result of the present research showed that the APACHE IV can predict mortality of hospitalized patients in the intensive care unit precisely. So، by using these indicators and other instruments we can classify severity of diseases and expected course of treatment before patients hospitalization in ICU. Evidently further studies in this field should be done.