فهرست مطالب hosein habibzadeh

Since poor communication with the patient has a negative impact on the quality of nursing care, taking the necessary measures to strengthen the relationship with the patient seems necessary. This study was conducted to determine the effect of spiritual intelligence training on nurses’ skills for communicating with patients.

This experimental study with the control group and the pretest‑posttest design was conducted on 70 nurses working in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mahabad, in 2019. Randomized stratified sampling was used to recruit participants. Then, participants were randomly assigned to the two groups of control and intervention. The demographic information form and the patient‑nurse communication skill questionnaire were used to collect the data. For the intervention group, 7 spiritual intelligence training sessions were held as a workshop in 2 months. Two weeks and a month after the intervention, both groups completed the questionnaires. Data were analyzed with the SPSS software version 17.0.

The findings showed that the mean communication skill scores in the intervention group before training were 44.71 ± 7.62, which significantly increased to 66.22 ± 8.43 2 weeks after training. Bonferroni multiple comparisons showed the mean communication skill scores significantly increased before, 2 weeks later and in the follow‑up phase in the intervention group (P < 0.001).

Spiritual intelligence training is effective in improving the communication skills of nurses. It is recommended that the prepared content can be provided to in‑service training units; consequently, nurses can improve their communication skills by individual and group learning.

Health belief model is a preventive model for health problems such as heart diseases. The aim of this study was defining the effect of educational intervention according to the health belief model on the beliefs of patients with a primary diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome regarding preventive behaviors of readmission.

This was a quasi-experimental study. Convenience sampling was done on patients with the primary diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome, discharging from Seyed-al-Shohada Hospital of Urmia, who were randomly selected and put into 2 groups of intervention and control (35 subjects). A researcher- made questionnaire titled “preventive behaviors of cardiac disease and readmission” was used just before, 1, and 3 months after the intervention. For statistical analysis, multiple comparisons of Bonferroni, t-test, chi-square and SPSS 17 software were used.

Before the intervention, the mean scores of all the studied areas were not significantly different in the 2 groups of intervention and control (p > 0.05), indicating that the scores of the 2 groups were similar before the study.But, after calculating the difference between the mean scores of preventive behaviors regarding readmission, in the areas of knowledge, perceived severity, perceived barriers, self-efficacy and preventive behaviors regarding readmission 1 month after the intervention, and in the areas of knowledge, perceived barriers, and guidelines for preventive behaviors and actions regarding readmission 3 months after the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The intervention, 1 and 3 months after the implementation, had no effect on the perceived sensitivity and benefits of heart patients (p > 0.05).

Considering the positive effect of implementing the health belief model on health beliefs and preventive behaviors regarding Readmission, it is possible to improve health behaviors by holding regular training sessions and following up on patients’ status, and prevent from patients’ Readmission and hospitalization costs, which also increases the quality of their life.

Due to the importance of correct interpretation of electrocardiogram (ECG) in the quality of healthcare delivery, new educational methods are increasingly being implemented and evaluated. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to compare the traditional and virtual teaching methods on the interpretation of cardiac dysrhythmia in nursing students.

The present study is a quasi‑experimental research with pretest and posttest design. Sixty nursing students in the seventh semester from schools of nursing in Urmia and Khoy cities were randomly assigned to two virtual and traditional education groups. Students’ knowledge was measured by a researcher‑made 30‑item test.

The mean and standard deviation of the students’ scores in the traditional education group was 11.20 ± 4.41 and 14.40 ± 4.62 and in the virtual group was 11.30 ± 2.74 and 18.43 ± 4.68, pre‑ and post‑training, respectively. Paired t‑test showed a significant difference between the mean score of pretest and posttest in both types of training (P < 0.001). According to the results of independent sample t‑test, there were no significant differences between the two groups before the training (P > 0.05). However, in the posttraining period, there were significant differences between traditional and virtual education groups (P < 0.001).

Considering the results of this study, which shows the positive effects of virtual education method on nursing students’ knowledge about cardiac dysrhythmia, this method can be used as an alternative or complementary method to the traditional education.

Effective communication between nurse and patient creates a positive relationship throughout the care process. Various factors affect the communication between the nurse and patient, and some of them prevent effective communication with the patient.  Identifying these barriers will help nurses recognize the factors that prevent effective communicate with the patient. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the barriers of nurse-patient communication between nursing students.

In this descriptive-cross sectional study, the sample size includes 136 nursing students of Urmia Nursing and Midwifery Faculty. Data were collected through a barriers to effective communication between nurses- patients questionnaire. The first part of the questionnaire consisted of questions about the demographic characteristics and the second part included five-point Likert scale questions concerning the viewpoint of nurses. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistics.

The results of this study showed that the mean age of students was 23.31 ± 4.43. The range of occupational features with a mean of 3.62 ± 1. 1 was the highest and the clinical conditions of the patient with an average score of 3.7 ± 1/3 were the lowest. The average score for the presence of barriers was3.35 ±1.1, indicating that the score was moderate to high (average of2.5), and the barriers of communication between the nurse and the patient were strong from the viewpoint of the students.

Occupational factors have the greatest impact on barriers to effective communication. Educational and therapeutic departments should reduce or minimize these factors in order to improve this relationship and ultimately improve the quality of nursing education.

Every year a large number of health care workers deal with threats that are harmful for their health. Medical science students in comparison with personnel are commonly exposed to blood and body fluids. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the risk factors of needle stick and contact with secretions from patients among the Students of Urmia University of Medical Sciences.
Material & This cross-sectional study implemented on 550 students of Urmia University of Medical Sciences in 2015. A data collection tool is a questionnaire in two parts. The first part gathered demographic information with seven questions, and the second part consisted 26 questions in three sections: general information related to needle stick, questions related to patient contact with sharp objects, and contact with the patient's secretions. The data were analyzed using the statistical software SPSS-18 by applying descriptive statistics and chi-square.
The results showed that participants aged between 19 and 34 years. The mean age of participants was 22.19 ± 1.76,189 (36.6%) of students had experienced at least one needle stick during the training period, 67(36.8%) of the students determined lack of caution as greatest reason, and 68(40%) students stated that overcrowding of hospital wards as environmental factors, can lead to needle stick. Creating of intravenous line procedure leading to the confrontation was the most frequent factor 48 (25.4%). Chi-square tests showed a significant relationship between the incidences of sharps injuries with gender (P High levels of exposure with sharp objects and patients secretions necessitate the need for training programs about the safety of students.

Despite the current shortage of nurses, it is important to know the reasons nurses want to leave the clinical setting. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of nurses who intend to leave clinical nursing.
In a qualitative content analysis study, data obtained from 13 in-depth face-to-face semi-structured interviews with nurses working in hospitals affiliated to the Tabriz and Urmia University of Medical Sciences in Iran, selected through purposive sampling. A conventional content analysis was used for data analysis.
Four categories and eleven subcategories emerged during data analysis. The extracted categories and sub categories consisted of (I) Entry routes into nursing (implicitly entry, targeted entry), (II) Defects in dignity (lack of professional vision toward the nurses, social status of nurses), (III) Work in non-ideal working environment (lack of support, discrimination, conflict, lack of opportunities for advancement), and (IV) Dissatisfaction with working conditions (heavy workload, lack of power, unusual working hours).
The findings of this qualitative study reflect professional turnover as a complex, ongoing, multidimensional process. By identifying the factors responsible, it could be possible to retain nurses in the field.

Due to the high clinical challenges, differences in coping strategies, and high workload in nurses, there is a need to develop strategies to keep them in the profession. The aim of the present study was to explore the Iranian nurses’ coping strategies to deal with intention to leave. A qualitative content analysis was used to obtain rich data. We performed 13 in-depth face-to-face semi-structured interviews with nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Tabriz and Urmia Universities of Medical Sciences in Iran, selected through purposive sampling. Constant comparative method was used for data analysis. Three categories and eleven subcategories emerged during data analysis. The extracted categories and sub-categories consisted of (I) Self-empowerment (practical knowledge increase, responsibility, finding identification of the nurse, balancing work and life, seek support and humanitarian interests), (II) Self-controlling (tolerance, avoidance, the routine-based performance), and (III) Pursuing opportunities for advancement and promotion (community development, planning for higher education). Nurses make attempts to individually manage problems and stressors perceived from bedside that have led them to leave the bedside; these efforts have been effective in some cases but sometimes they are ineffective due to discontinuous training and relative competence in terms of how to manage and deal with problems. It is suggested that nurses should learn strategies scientifically to meet the challenges of bedside. Through enabling and supporting behaviors and creating opportunities for growth and professional development, nursery managers can help nurses to stay and achieve improvement of the quality of cares.

Various treatments such as hemodialysis prolong the life of chronic renal failure disease patients who must tolerate many physical, emotional, social and economic difficulties. Therefore, social support is considered as a vital area of investigation for such patients.. In this qualitative research, a grounded theory approach was used and written as a content analysis form to study hemodialysis patients and family experience of perceived social support..Patients and Three nurses, 4 general practitioners, a specialist and two family members who participated were interviewed from April to September 2012 in Urmia, Iran. Interviews were guided to divulge the perception of changes in their lives, needs for social support for disease complications, and the type of treatment process. Purposive sampling continued up to data saturation. Data analysis was performed based on Strauss and Corbin Method. Constant comparison analysis was performed until data saturation.. The research results are shown in 3 steps. In the first step, 113 categories and four main themes from 993 first codes were explored. Social support was explored based on the implications of five general themes including “Perceived Threats Caused by Disease Complications”, “Searching for Social Support”, “Accessible Social Support”, “Beliefs and Values”, and “Perceived Social Support”.. The core variable of our research is acceptance of the reality of the conditions caused by the disease. The research finalized our knowledge about patient problems regarding social support and revealed many problems of supporting patients by Health Team Members, family members and organizations. The findings suggest that individual aspects of patient experiences must be considered if social support is to be given and Healthcare Providers have to facilitate positive health services..

ECG interpretation in clinical situation has developed fgrom simple determination of rate and rhythm toward the diagnosis of complex arrhythmias، ischemia and myocardial infarction. Having enough knowledge and skills in this field is one of the essential competences for nurses، especially in intensive care units، which can be influenced by education circumstance and also regarding this; the survey of new educational methods for obtaining deep and effective learning of Electrocardiography seems necessary. The aim of this study was to determinate the effect of educational software of dysrhythmia simulator on ECG interpretation''s knowledge among nurses who are working in intensive care units. This quasi-experimental study conducted with participation of 73 ICU and CCU nurses from two Seyedoshohada and Taleghani hospitals of Oroumiyeh that were randomly placed in two groups; intervention and control. Data were gathered by a researcher-made questionnaire، which verified their validity and reliability and was consisted of 15 theoretical questions and 25 dysrhythmia strips in the form of pretest-posttest design. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software and descriptive statistics (ver. 16). The mean and standard deviation of the nurses’ before and after scores، the group that used educational software of arrhythmia simulator method was 17. 21±2. 04 and 22. 15±3. 27 respectively، whereas it was 16. 77±4. 86 and 19. 13±5. 28 in the conference group، respectively. The Independent statistical T-test revealed a significant statistical difference between the post training scores in two groups (p=0/004). Also the comparison of average of scores in the form of intra- group with paired t-test revealed significant differences in before and after scores in every group (p<0/005). However، the mean difference between pre and post scores in the intervention group was higher. The use of educational software of dysrhythmia simulator causes more improvement of the knowledge of nurses in dysrhythmia interpretation field. According to the results of this study، the ease of using and availability of simulator software، and it''s application in wards can facilitate in-service training for staff، particularly nurses who are working in intensive care units and also enhance their knowledge and skills in the interpretation of electrocardiograms effectively.

Introduction and

Hemodialysis is the most common renal replacement therapy in patients with end-stage renal disease. Although this method increases survival rate and life expectancy، but this patients face with many problems such as sleep disorder and restless legs syndrome. The present study was carried out to investigate the relationship of restless legs syndrome and sleep quality among hemodialysis patients.

In this case-control study، 74 hemodialysis patients with sleep disorders (cases) were selected by convenience sampling method and matched with 74 hemodialysis patients without sleep disorders (control) in sex and age (± 5). Then، restless legs syndrome and its severity were compared in the both groups. The data collection instruments included demographic information questionnaire، four criteria for restless leg syndrome based on the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group، and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Data were analyzed by independent t and chi-square tests.

Totally، 37. 8% of hemodialysis patients showed signs of restless legs syndrome. 54. 1% of cases and 21. 6% of control suffered from restless legs syndrome. The restless legs syndrome incidence was 4. 26 fold higher in patients with than those without sleep disorders (CI95% = 2. 08-8. 74، OR = 4. 26).

Given to the relationship of restless legs syndrome and sleep disturbance، restless legs syndrome screening in hemodialysis patients seems necessary.

Ensuring the quality of education is one of the responsibilities of nurse instructors. Understanding the educational issues related to theoretical courses to improve the quality of nursing education. The purpose of this study was to explore student's perceptions of issues in nursing theoretical courses. A qualitative design using a conventional content analysis approach was used to collect and analyze data. Semi structured interviews were conducted with 17 nursing students chosen using purposeful sampling. During data analysis, four main categories were developed: “ineffective instructor”, “non-dynamic curriculum”, “problems regard to external environment of education”, and “factors related to the individual student”. It was shown that education issues are caused by different factors. It is suggested that educational administrators should provide educational facilities and help with the improvement of instructor's teaching and communication skills in order to take effective steps in removing educational issues, and enhance student's motivation and confidence.

In recent years, healthcare organizations have supported the professionalization of nursing in order to improve the quality of care delivered to patients. The purpose of this study was to explore facilitators and barriers to professionalization of nursing in Iran.A qualitative study was conducted using the conventional content analysis. Semi-structured interviews were held with 18 nurses working in various nursing positions and in different healthcare settings. Themes related to the professionalization of nursing was developed. During the data analysis, five themes were developed: “communication”, “motivation and attitude”, “organizational culture and structure”, “academic education”, and “supportive resources”. Each theme as a factor impacted the professionalization of nursing in a positive or negative manner.Recognizing factors influencing professionalization of nursing contributes to improvement of quality of nursing care delivered to patients. Healthcare system authorities can facilitate the development of the nursing profession and facilitate the professionalization of nursing through increasing the number of postgraduate nurses and also improving the nurses’ work conditions.