فهرست مطالب hossein azimi

This paper's primary aim is to explore blockchain technology's influence on IoT and identify the opportunities and challenges of integrating blockchain and IoT.

The methodology involves presenting a comprehensive introduction discussing the concepts of blockchain and IoT and their applications. The background of related research is presented, followed by addressing the role of blockchain in IoT and a discussion of the applications of integrating blockchain and IoT.

The findings reveal that blockchain technology offers potential solutions for enhancing security in IoT communications. Opportunities and challenges of integrating blockchain and IoT are identified, providing insights for further research and development in this area.

Originality/Value: 

This paper contributes to the field by examining the impact of blockchain on IoT and offering insights into the integration of blockchain and IoT, thus addressing significant challenges in IoT security and privacy. The conceptual model provides a framework for future research and development efforts.

In today's competitive world, employees turnover is one of the major problems of organizations, result in many investments being easily lost. The present research was conducted to determine the effect of perceived organizational support of mental health and emotional commitment on turnover with the mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior.

This research statistical population was the Khalesazan Roy Company employees. Using Cochran's formula, the statistical sample size was equal to 73 people. In this research, a convenient sampling method was used.  SPSS and smartPLS softwares were also used for data analysis.

The direct effect of emotional commitment on turnover tendency is confirmed with a t-value of 4.040. The direct effect of Percieved organizational support of mental health on emotional commitment is confirmed with t-value 9.021. The direct effect of organizational citizenship behavior on the tendency to turnover is confirmed with a t-value of 2.296. The direct effect of emotional commitment on organizational citizenship behavior is confirmed with a t-value of 5.060.

In today's competitive world, maintaining capable and loyal employees has become an important issue for organizations; And the tendency of employees for quit the organization threatens this issue. Various factors affect the willingness to leave the organization. In this research, the effect of perceptual organizational support of mental health, emotional commitment and organizational citizenship behavior on the tendency of turnover the organization was investigated. According to the results, hypothesis 1 was confirmed, therefore emotional commitment has a positive effect on reducing the tendency of turnover. This result is consistent with the research results of Parizadeh et al., (2019), Ghorbanzadeh et al (2021), Shahtahmasbi & Mazarei (2020). Hypothesis 2 was also confirmed and the percieved organizational support of mental health has a positive effect on the emotional commitment, which is consistent with the results of the researches of Mehdibeigi (2017) and Doai & Barjalilou (2019). Organizational citizenship behavior has a negative effect on tendency of turnover, and hypothesis 3 was also confirmed, which means that organizational citizenship behavior affects reducing the tendency of turnover. This finding is consistent with the results of Shahtahmasbi & Mazarei (2020) and Qaidamini Harouni et al (2017). Hypothesis 4 was also confirmed, so emotional commitment has a positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior, which is consistent with the results of Katebi Jahromi et al. (2021), Moini Karbkandi & Azar (2020) and Malek Shaoar (2015). According to the confirmation of hypotheses 3 and 4, the mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior in the relationship of emotional commitment on tendency of turnover was also confirmed.

Organizational commitment has a decisive role in accountability, behavioral and functional efficiency of members, growth and development of the organization. Considering the great influence of religion in shaping individual and collective behavior, this research was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of the level of religiosity on the organizational commitment of employees with the mediating role of intra-organizational values. he research method is a descriptive survey type and to measure the level of religiosity from the localized questionnaire of Khodayari Fard et al (2009) with components (religious belief, religious emotions and performing religious duties) and to measure organizational commitment, Allen and Mayer (1990) model questionnaire with components (emotional commitment, continuous commitment and normative commitment) was used, and to measure intra-organizational values, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. Research data was collected by random stratified sampling from 400 employees of selected organizations in Mazandaran and Zanjan provinces and the results were analyzed with Spss23 and PLS2 software. The validity of questionnaires, organizational commitment, level of religiosity and intra-organizational values were confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of internal consistency, equal to 0.875, 0.93, 0.958, respectively, and their validity and model fit were confirmed by PLS2 software. The results showed that the level of religiosity has a positive and significant effect on the organizational commitment of employees, and this effect is strengthened by using the intermediate variable of intra-organizational values.

The main goal of the current research is to evaluate the pillars, benefits and results of the implementation of the 5S grooming system in the Zanjan Zinc Khales Sazan Industries, as the largest exporter of zinc ingots with a purity of 99.9% in the Middle East.

The research method is practical in terms of purpose; In terms of data collection, descriptive-survey; and in terms of analysis, it is qualitative-quantitative. The statistical community regarding the evaluation of the effective elements in the implementation of the 5S grooming system and the extraction of their weight, as well as the identification of the benefits and results of the implementation of the said system and the ranking of the benefits and results, includes 18 experts and specialists of the mentioned industry.

For this purpose, at first, using the multi attribute decision-making technique called SWARA, the aforementioned pillars were evaluated and the importance (weight) of the pillars was calculated. The output of this technique showed that the fifth pillar, "self-discipline and public participation" was extracted with the greatest weight as the most important and effective pillar in the implementation of the 5S grooming system in Zanjan Zinc Khales Sazan Industries. Also, the second pillar (organization of essential items and clarification) was ranked last with the lowest weight. Then, using the fuzzy Delphi approach, the benefits and results of the implementation of the 5S grooming system in Zanjan Zinc Khales Sazan industries were extracted. In the following, eight extracted alternatives (benefits and results) were evaluated and ranked using the opinions of industry experts and using the new decisionmaking technique of MOORA. The final result of this technique indicates that the first alternative means "making the work environment safer and the work processes more comfortable and pleasant" in the first place, and the seventh alternatives means "optimal use of space and resources" and the sixth means "reducing search times and finding resources" in The next ranks were placed. The second alternative including "improving industry turnover" was ranked last.

In this way, the proposed research approach will provide a suitable model for evaluating the pillars, benefits and results of implementing the 5S grooming system in Zanjan Zinc Khales Sazan Industries.

The purpose of this article is to identify the dimensions of cognitive development of students based on the cognitive model in the form of a qualitative study at the level of Tehran University students. This research with an exploratory approach seeks to answer this basic question: what are the dimensions and components of students' cognitive development based on the cognitive model in the form of a qualitative study at the level of Tehran University students? Therefore, after explaining the basic concepts and reviewing the theoretical foundations, related reports and documents, a review and an interview guide were prepared, then, along with the targeted identification of 15 specialized and related academic and executive experts in the University of Tehran, an in-depth interview was conducted and followed by Those concepts, dimensions and components of cognitive development were extracted from the experts' point of view by using the theme analysis strategy. By analyzing the theme, a total of 95 descriptive codes (basic theme) were extracted, and 8 interpretive codes (organizing theme) were obtained from their analysis, and finally, 2 relational codes (overarching themes) were obtained through the final analysis. Was obtained.Based on the findings, it was found that strengthening the sense of competence among students, improving the level of responsibility and authority of students, increasing the team-oriented level among students, creating mutual trust between students, using student talents, problem solving ability, Helping students' living standards, increasing the level of social communication is effective on the cognitive development of Tehran University students.

Scab disease of apple caused by Venturia inaequalis is one of the most important diseases of apple in the world and Iran. Especially in areas with wet and cold weather its damage reach more than 70%. Apple scab results in symptoms on most upper plant parts, notably leaves and fruit.  Petioles, flowers, sepals, pedicels, young shoots, and bud scales can also become infected. Apple scab infections are initiated in early spring on emerging and young leaves. The Mills table relates leaf wetness duration and temperature to determine the likelihood that conidial infection will occur. For example, at an average temperature of 18°C (65°F), light infection will result if leaves remain wet for 9 h. Lesions can produce conidia after 9 days if the temperature averages 18°C (65°F), but not until 17 days if the temperatures are lower, averaging only 8°C (49°F).

The experiment was conducted in apple orchards located in Yasuj, Bojnourd and Karaj which had a history of apple scab. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 8 treatments and 4 replications. The control treatments included plots without any spraying and plots sprayed with water. The remaining treatments involved the application of specific treatments at three different stages. The first spraying was done at swelling of leaf buds time, the second spraying after fall leaves, and the third spraying 14 days after the second spray. 30 days after observing the first symptoms of the disease in the controls, samples were taken from the leaves and fruits to evaluate the percentage of the disease density and severity of the disease. The data obtained for disease incidence and severity were analyzed using statistical software, such as SAS, and the means of these traits were compared using Duncan's multiple range test at a significance level of one percent. This test helps determine significant differences between the treatment means.

Results and Discution:

The analysis of variance conducted on the data obtained from the evaluation of treated trees revealed a statistically significant effect of the treatments on reducing the percentage of disease severity and disease incidence. Result showed that, there are significant differences between treatments and controls in all three provinces (P = 5%). Mean comparisons of the treatments showed that, all fungicides caused a significant decrease in the severity and incidence of disease infection percent compared to controls. The results of three provinces showed that new fungicide Luna Sensation 500® SC 0.4 and 0.6 ml L-1 and Flint® 50% WG 0.2 ml L-1 during three times spraying is very effective on controlling of apple scab. In Kohghiloyeh and Boyerahmad, 0.4 and 0.6 ml L-1 of Luna Sensation had the best efficiency compared to other treatments. The severity of disease was lower than control about 96 percent in leaves and 98 percent in fruits. Also, incidence of disease in fruit and leaf of these treatments were lower than the other treatments. In North Khorasan province Flint 0.2 ml L-1 and Luna Sensation 0.4 compared to other treatments was more effective in controlling the disease severity and approximately 75 percent compared to controls reduced disease severity on fruits. Also on leaves Luna Sensation 0.4 were effective approximately 80 percent. In terms of disease control on fruit, there were no significant differences between all fungicide treatments except benomyl. Disease incidence on the leaves treated with all three concentrations of Luna Sensation and 0.2 ml L-1 Flint was lower than other treatments. In Alborze province, Luna Sensation 0.4 and 0.6 ml L-1 and Flint 0.2 ml L-1 had the best efficacy and nearly 100 percent decrease severity and incidence of disease in leaves in compared with controls. The results of three provinces showed that new fungicide Luna Sensation 500® SC 0.4 and 0.6 ml L-1 and Flint® 50% WG 0.2 ml L-1 during three times spraying is very effective on controlling of apple scab. Also, the results showed that Luna Sensation fungicide can control apple scab disease on Golden Delicious and Red Delicious and The type of cultivar has no effect on the efficacy of the fungicide. Results show that Luna Sensation 500® SC 0.4 is an effective fungicide to control apple scab and can be used in apple orchards as a part of integrated pest management program. The management of apple scab disease in the world usually requires multiple sprayings, from the greening stage of the branches to harvest. Since V. inaequalis has a high risk of developing resistance to fungicides, the alternating use of effective fungicides from different groups and with different mechanisms of action or the use of fungicides with multiple mechanisms of action in disease management programs are necessary to prevent resistance. The new fungicide Lunasenish® SC 500, which is composed of 21.4% trifloxystrobin, 21.4% flupiram and 57.2% related substances, is a systemic fungicide with a wide range of effects.

The present study has been conducted with the aim of providing a model for the development of human resources in the news department of The Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) emphasizing the key success factors. In terms of the research approach, the heuristic blending method has been used. In the first stage, the meta-combined method was used, which is considered one of the qualitative methods. In the second stage, to investigate and validate the identified factors and to prepare the final research model, the survey method, i.e., surveying experts in the form of focal groups and applying questionnaire has been used. The first statistical population of the study were all written documents related to human resource management including 40 articles and works which were selected and analyzed based on valid criteria from among 175 articles and works. The second statistical population consisted of experts in human resource management, from whom 30 people were eventually selected, and due to the conditions and limitations of the Corona pandemic, provided comments and suggestions remotely. Using the seven steps of meta-combination, a conceptual pattern was identified in six conceptual layers, categories and codes. In each of the layers, concepts and topics were included, and finally 29 categories were identified. The research results showed the leading factors include managerial and policymaking characteristics in the dimension of strategic alignment, organizational structure and culture in the dimension of development prerequisites, and information technology and organizational processes in the dimension of development tools.

Applying knowledge management in organizations and its development according to its ever-increasing developments is one of the factors influencing the organization's performance which as a requirement leads to improving organizational learning, growth, and customer performance. Furthermore, the formulation of knowledge management strategy and personal knowledge management strategy are among the factors influencing the evolution of knowledge management. In this regard, the current research aims to investigate the impact of knowledge management developments and organizational adaptation on the three dimensions of the internal performance process, customer performance, and learning and growth.

The present applied research is a descriptive survey. The statistical population included all employees and experts of Bank Mellat branches in Qom province. After conducting the pre-test and confirming the validity and reliability and determining the variance deviation of the initial sample, the statistical sample was obtained according to Cochran's formula as 101 people who responded to the questionnaires in a non-probabilistic manner. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. After collecting the questionnaires, the structural equation model was used to analyze the data, which is a complete structural equation model combining path diagram and confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's reliability coefficient in this study was higher than 0.7 for all variables, which is higher than the minimum standard value. Therefore, the measurements have high reliability. Also, Bagozzi and Yi standards above 0.6 have been reported for composite reliability (CR). All (CR) values of the variables are more than 0.6, therefore, the measurement model has a suitable composite reliability. To check the convergent validity in the PLS model, the average variance extracted (AVE) was analyzed and all the AVE values related to the constructs showed a value of more than 0.4, which means it is an acceptable limit for the convergent validity of the questionnaire. In this research, structural equation modeling and partial least squares method were used to test hypotheses and fit the model.

The results showed that the impact of knowledge management changes on the process of internal performance, customer performance, and learning and growth were confirmed with t-value of 6.56, 4.97, and 6.92 respectively. But the effect of organizational compatibility on internal performance process, customer performance, and learning and growth were rejected witht-value of 0.199, 0.819, and 0.531 respectively. The effect of personal knowledge management strategy on knowledge management developments was confirmed with a t-value of 4.74, but the effect of developing knowledge management strategy on knowledge management developments was rejected with a t-value of 1.69.

According to the findings, knowledge management developments have a positive and significant impact on the internal performance process, customer performance, and learning and growth. Therefore, paying attention to the developments of knowledge management helps organizations improve their internal performance process and learning and growth of organization members and enhance customer performance. Also, by adopting a personal knowledge management strategy, organizations can be more successful in influencing knowledge management developments. Therefore, it can be said that knowledge management capabilities and the organization's ability to effectively manage knowledge, which has evolved in the shadow of knowledge management developments, provide employees with a standard basis for achieving interaction. Its effectiveness in creating value for the organization emerges through the impact of knowledge processes on the internal performance process of the organization. Furthermore, the evolution of knowledge management will lead to learning and organizational growth as the most critical tool for the evolution of knowledge management, which is a process of continuous creativity through the creation of new knowledge, and if customer relationship management is integrated with knowledge management (as a necessary strategy for complex environments, dynamic) can improve business processes and increase customer satisfaction, profitability, and customer loyalty. Considering the confirmation of the impact of knowledge management developments on the internal performance process, it is suggested that by using the developments that have been created in the field of knowledge management, by simplifying the bank's internal processes, increasing the quality of the bank's services and creating innovation in service delivery, they can improve the performance process. be effective internally. Moreover, considering the confirmation of the impact of knowledge management changes on learning and growth, it is suggested that managers, by providing suitable conditions, using knowledge management capabilities and the changes that have occurred in this field, should focus on organizational learning and growth and lead to the improvement of skills, and employee satisfaction, as well as lead to the improvement of services provided to customers and customer satisfaction. According to the results of this research, it seems that the organizations that perform their activities based on knowledge management and engage in continuous organizational learning will be in sync with the developments in the field of knowledge management and will ultimately have higher efficiency, effectiveness, productivity, and service quality. Considering the confirmation of the impact of knowledge management changes on the performance of customers, it is suggested that organizations, especially financial organizations, improve business processes through the integration of customer relationship management and knowledge management and increase the level of customer satisfaction, profitability, and customer loyalty.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of humble leadership on expedient immoral behaviors in the organization due to compassion at work.  The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive (non-experimental) research in terms of data collection and is a branch of field studies and is causal in terms of the relationship between research variables. The research method is survey, the most important advantages of which are the ability to generalize the results. The statistical population of the study consisted of the staff of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Lorestan Province, whose number was 160 people. Using Morgan table, the sample size was estimated to be 113 people who were randomly selected. The data collection tool is the standard questionnaire of Zhou et al. (2019). The content validity method was used to assess the validity and the Cronbach's alpha method was used to test the reliability of the questionnaire; Thus, before the widespread distribution of the questionnaire in the study population, 25 questionnaires were measured as a pre-test of distribution and Cronbach's alpha of the variables. According to the results, Cronbach's alpha for the three variables of leadership based on humility, compassion at work and immoral expedient behavior were equal to 0.712, 0.803 and 0.762, respectively, which are values ​​greater than 0.7. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling test and AMOS software. Humility-based leadership has a positive and significant effect on expedient and compassionate immoral behaviors at work. The results confirmed the effect of compassion at work on expedient immoral behaviors. Finally, the role of partial mediator of compassion in work in the impact of humble leadership on expedient immoral behaviors in the organization was confirmed.  Leaders should, in addition to forgiveness and compassion, have proper oversight of behaviors within the organization and provide training programs and coaching sessions to strengthen the ability and skill of management in employees so that they can engage in unethical behaviors (what Identify and control expedient or non-expedient) in the organization.

Today, with the change in the competitive environment, successful countries are those with more knowledge, and knowledge management and knowledge-based human resource activities in organizations, especially in knowledge-based companies, which are the basis for the integration of science, technology and wealth, has become particularly important. Therefore, the present applied research was conducted to investigate the impact of knowledge management and human resource management activities on innovation using a descriptive survey research method. The statistical population was the employees of companies located in the growth and technology centers, from among whom, using Cochran's formula, 120 answered the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed with a combined reliability of more than 0.6 and a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.892. Its validity was also confirmed through content validity and convergent validity with the mean variance criterion of structures which was more than 0.4. Finally, the conceptual model of the research was fitted using the structural equation model in PLS software.The results showed that various factors in the subset of knowledge management including supervisory actions, knowledge-based service compensation, learning mechanism and information technology measures affect innovation whereas the significance of the impact of factors such as knowledge protection, strategic management of knowledge and competence, knowledge-based employment, knowledge-based education and development, knowledge-based performance evaluation and work organization on innovation was not confirmed.

Achieving higher performance is a goal that organizations take various steps to achieve. Organizational learning and market orientation have been introduced as a useful tool for organizations to achieve the desired performance. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of market orientation on organizational performance with the mediating role of learning orientation. The present applied research is descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this study was the employees of Pegah, Telecommunication and Parsoswitch companies. According to the initial sampling and determination of variance deviation, using Cochran's formula, the statistical sample size of this study including 131 employees was obtained who answered the questions by non-probability sampling method. Data collection tool was a questionnaire consisting of three variables of market orientation, learning orientation and organizational performance. Its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of all variables more than the minimum standard value (0.7) and its validity through (AVE) more than 0.4. In this research, structural equation modeling and partial least squares method were used to test the hypotheses and fit the model. According to the findings, the t-value of the effect of market orientation and learning-orientation variables on organizational performance was confirmed with 7.802 and 9.521, respectively, and the effect of market orientation on learning-oriented with 6.107. The results showed that market orientation has an effect on organizational performance with the mediating role of learning orientation. Therefore, market-oriented organizations can improve their organizational performance in a competitive market through organizational learning and increasing the level of knowledge, awareness and skills of employees.

Human resources is the most important asset of any organization and its proper management is very effective in the performance of the organization. On the other hand, due to the weaknesses in knowledge sharing between professors, it seems that the role of knowledge management as a mediating factor in the impact of strategic human resource management on university performance is still unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the impact of strategic human resource management on organizational performance of faculty members of University of Zanjan with the mediating role of knowledge management. The research method in this applied research was descriptive-survey and the statistical population consisted of about 400 faculty members of Zanjan University. The statistical sample size of the study, using Cochran's formula, was 184 people who responded to the research tool by available sampling method. The data collection tool consisted of three variables of strategic human resource management, organizational performance and knowledge management, the face validity of which was confirmed by experts and the reliability of all three variables through Cronbach's alpha with 0.91, 0.94 and 0.80, respectively. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and the results showed that, considering the mediating role of knowledge management on the impact of strategic human resource management on the organizational performance of faculty members, if the approaches of strategic human resource management and exchange of information and interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary communication of professors can be achieved in achieving educational goals and effective university research.

Damping-off disease caused by Phytophthora melonis is the most common disease of cucumber seedlings Cucumis sativus L.. To study the efficacy of 8-hydroxy quinoline sulfate (Beltanol®) in control of cucumber damping-off disease, glasshouse experiments were carried out with six treatments at research stations in Tehran, Alborz, and Semnan provinces in Iran. Treatments included 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 ml∙l-1 of Beltanol as the experimental fungicide, metalaxyl+mancozeb (Rosalaxyl® WP 72%; FRAC code 3 + M03) at 2 g∙l-1 as the standard fungicide along with inoculated and untreated and non-inoculated (healthy) controls. Cucumbers were cultivated from seed in trays, and treatments were applied twice. Once after seed sowing and second time at the 2-leaf stage. Disease incidence was recorded at the 4-leaf stage. Beltanol at 0.3 ml∙l-1 had the least effect among fungicides, with nearly 50% of treated plants showing signs of disease. Application of Beltanol at 0.4 and 0.5 ml∙l-1 decreased disease incidence by 59.55 and 64.47% compared to the inoculated control, respectively. Rosalaxyl® performed better than Beltanol and reduced disease by 83.55%. However, to provide alternatives for proper fungicide rotations, Beltanol at the rate of 0.4 ml∙l-1 may manage damping-off disease in cucumber.

During the Covid-19 pandemic, quality of services provided by medical centers are importance. The present study aims to investigate the quality of diagnostic services provided by medical centers in Zanjan, Iran during the Covid-19 pandemic using Parasuraman’s quality model.

This is a descriptive correlational survey. The study population consists of all patients referred to medical centers in Zanjan province in 2020. Of these, 370 were selected using a convenience sampling method. The sample size was determined using Cochran’s formula. The data collection tool was a standard service quality questionnaire whose validity was assessed by experts, and a Cronbach’s reliability coefficient >0.7 showed its acceptable reliability. Its convergent validity was confirmed using the partial least squares (PLS) model with Average variance extracted > 0.5). Data analysis was performed in PLS and SPSS v. 21 Software. Hypotheses and model fitting were evaluated by structural equation modeling, PLS method, and importance-performance map analysis (IPMA).

There was a high gap between the perceived and expected status of the quality in terms of empathy. Regarding the dimension of tangibility, the services had good quality compared to other dimensions, since there was a small gap between the perceived and expected status. Based on the results of IPMA, the highest coefficient belonged to the assurance dimension, while the lowest coefficient belonged to the reliability dimension.

There is a gap between the current status and desired status in all dimensions of health service quality in Zanjan, Iran. People’ expectations are more than their perceptions; they expect to receive better quality health services during the Covid-19 pandemic.

It is very difficult to carry out the activities of the organization without sharing knowledge. If the knowledge hidden in the minds of individuals cannot be shared with others, it will gradually accumulate in the mind of the individual and make the organization disadvantaged and deprived. The current applied research was carried out with the aim of determining the influence of external motivation on the attitude, desire and behavior of information security knowledge sharing with the facilitating role of Trendis model.

This research is a description of correlation type. The statistical population was made up of the employees of the Ministry of Defense and the non-probability sampling method was available and the sample size was calculated as 103 people based on Cochran's formula. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire that was re-validated by verifying composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal to 0.926 and verifying content validity and convergent and divergent construct validity.

By using two software "PLS" and "SPSS" in data analysis, the results showed: the motivation to gain fame and promotion as extrinsic motivations on employees' attitude towards ISKS has an impact. Perceived attitude and behavioral monitoring were also effective on the desire to ISKS and the desire to ISKS on the behavior of ISKS.Organizational support and trust were also effective as facilitating factors on ISKS behavior.

In a highly competitive world where rapid customer needs are changing rapidly, losing a customer is costly for companies. Therefore, how to affect customer loyalty is of particular importance. The purpose of this study is to develop a structural model to determine the impact of perceived service justice on customer loyalty with the mediating role of service quality and communication quality. The research method in the present applied research is a descriptive survey and a researcher-made questionnaire was administered to 215 customers of Internet service providers (including: Shuttle, Parsonline, AsiaTek, Hayub, Sabanet, Telecommunications, Fanava, Asr Telecom) by non-probability sampling method. Available for distribution. Cronbach's reliability coefficient in this study was 0.86 and above 0.7. Convergent validity in the PLS model using the extracted mean variance (AVE) criterion gave values, above 0.5 for all structures and was confirmed. Structural equation modeling and partial least squares method were used to test the hypotheses and fit the model. The results showed that perceived service justice has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty. The mediating role of service quality and communication quality in the impact of perceived service justice on loyalty was also confirmed. But the effect of service quality on communication quality was rejected.

Brand can impart a unique meaning of the organization to consumers and create many comparative advantages. This relationship is created through trust, connection, loyalty and emotional commitment to the brand and their impact on advocacy and the development of emotional relationships between the customer and the organization. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of loyalty to, confidence in and emotional commitment to brand regarding brand advocacy.

This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity was confirmed by professors and experts.  Convergent validity with a mean variance of more than 0.5 and divergent validity using Fornell and Larker methods were confirmed. Also, the reliability of the instrument was confirmed with the Cronbach's alpha of more than 0.7. The statistical population was patients of Shiraz Namazi Hospital in 2020. After conducting a pre-test and confirming the validity and reliability and determining the variance deviation of the prototype, using Cochran's formula, the statistical sample size was determined to be 300. The final questionnaires were distributed and collected among patients through convenience sampling method. Finally, after data analysis, the conceptual model of the research was fitted using the structural equation model and PLS3 software.

The conceptual model of the research was fitted using various indicators and the results showed that the model has appropriate quality and acceptable validity. Quantitatively, findings indicated that brand confidence of 0.228 had a significant effect on brand advocacy, but emotional commitment and loyalty with a coefficient of 0.049 and 0.007, respectively, had no significant effect on brand advocacy.

Results suggest that brand confidence is achieved by patients through perceived quality, brand credibility and customer-oriented behavior of the hospital staff. Moreover, the influence of reference groups and the social responsibility on the hospital, with the help of confidence in brand, creates emotional commitment in patients.

Electronic human resource management (E-HRM) as a method based on information and communication technology can have many effects on organizations. Due to the novelty of the issue in Iranian Public organizations, gaining an understanding of what effects electronic human resource management can actually have on such organizations is important and will increase the motivation of top managers to move towards this issue. In this regard, the present study was conducted to determine the effects of implementation and implementation of electronic human resource management in public organizations. The research method in the present applied research was a descriptive survey and the statistical population was all employees and managers of the Social Security Organization of Tehran province with about 3457 people. To collect the data, first the initial sampling was done by distributing the researcher-made questionnaire among 30 people and the reliability with Cronbach's alpha 0.9 and content validity were confirmed by experts. Then, by obtaining the variance deviation of the results obtained from the prototype and using the Cochran's formula, through the available sampling method, questionnaires were distributed among 183 managers and employees of that organization and due to the normal distribution of data, research hypotheses using 19spss software was tested and confirmed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression. Finally, the results showed: By implementing electronic human resource management systems and increasing the strategic role of human resource units, the organization can use its benefits including cost reduction, time management, information security, customer satisfaction and productivity of the organization.

The corona pandemic situation and the pervasive growth of information technology have strengthened banking services to customers via mobile phones. However, there are many concerns about customers' attitudes and intentions to use mobile banking. The present applied research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the issue.

The research method in this research was a quantitative of a survey type and the statistical population of this research was the staff of Zanjan University. Using Cochran's formula, the number of statistical sample was calculated at 202 who answered the questions in a non-probability way of the available type.Instrument: The instrument was a standard questionnaire that due to localization, its validity and reliability were both reconfirmed in this research. The convergent validity of the structures was comfirmed by using the extracted mean variance (AVE) criterion above the value of 0.4 and reliability was also confirmed with Cronbach's alpha (0.878 above 0.7) and combined reliability (CR), above the standard value of 0.6.

Using PLS software, the Findings showed that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, social effects and facilitation of the conditions had a positive and significant effect on the attitudes toward the mobile bank, but the effect of perception of competency, benevolence and security and privacy on attitude toward the mobile bank was not significant. The results also showed the effect of attitude towards the mobile bank on the intention to use the mobile bank.

In the framework of study on Septoria and Septoria-like species in Iran, a new species Sphaerulina osypianiae sp. nov. on Populus sp. is described using morphological and rDNA ITS sequencing data. DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing were performed using methods and protocols mentioned by Azimi (2011). The resulting 511-bp sequence obtained from isolate 52935 was deposited in GenBank. The sequence shared 99% identity with Mycosphaerella populi (=Sphaerulina frondicola) sequences available in GenBank (see table 1 for identities). NJ tree generated using TreeView Display Option in NCBI BLAST, supported Sphaerulina species on Populus from Iran as a distinct species from all other Sphaerulina species sequences on Populus. In the framework of study on Septoria and Septoria-like species in Iran, a new species Sphaerulina osypianiae sp. nov. on Populus sp. is described using morphological and rDNA ITS sequencing data. DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing were performed using methods and protocols mentioned by Azimi (2011). The resulting 511-bp sequence obtained from isolate 52935 was deposited in GenBank. The sequence shared 99% identity with Mycosphaerella populi (=Sphaerulina frondicola) sequences available in GenBank (see table 1 for identities). NJ tree generated using TreeView Display Option in NCBI BLAST, supported Sphaerulina species on Populus from Iran as a distinct species from all other Sphaerulina species sequences on Populus.

Organizations face many challenges in recruiting and retaining talented personnel and need better ways to recruit, develop, evaluate motivation, retain or transfer them. The present applied research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of cash and non-cash rewards on employee motivation with the mediating role of organizational commitment of Zanjan Refa Bhank. Methodes: This research in terms of method, descriptive-correlation and statistical population includes all employees of the Refah Bank with a population of 163 people. The statistical sample size was 136 employees in the branches of this bank and were measured using non-probabilistic and purposeful cluster sampling method.

 McLeland Standard Motivation Questionnaire (1950) and Allen and Meyer Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (1991) and researcher-made cash rewards questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha 0.715 and reliability coefficient of 0.809 and non-cash rewards with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.133 and It was 0.861, the face validity of which was confirmed by experts..

Pearson correlation coefficient test and structural equation modeling technique using PLS software were used to analyze the data.

Findings showed that cash rewards (salaries and benefits, fairness of payments, workplace equipment) and non-cash rewards (security, participation, supervisor behavior, creativity, promotion, training facilities) had an effect on motivation (achievement motivation, belonging motivation, power motivation). It is positive and meaningful. Organizational commitment of employees also plays a mediating role in the effect of reward on employee motivation.

 Downy mildew is one of the most important diseases of cucumber. The use of multi-site fungicides in disease control programs is recommended to ensure adequate crop protection and to delay the potential resistance of high-risk groups of single-site fungicides. The efficacy of 15 different copper oxychloride (WP 35%) brands of Iranian formulators with a concentration of 2 g/L, in control of cucumber downy mildew were assayed. Other treatments were two registered fungicides flopicolide + propamocarb hydrochloride SC 68.75% (Infinito) 2 ml/L and cyazofamid SC 400 (Ranman®) 0.5 ml/L with control treatment. Trials were performed in Tehran (Varamin) and Mazandaran (Amol) provinces with 16 treatments and southern Kerman province (Jiroft) with 17 treatments in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The experiments were carried out in greenhouse production systems (Varamin and Jiroft) and open field (Amol). Foliar spray began with the appearance of first symptoms of the disease and was repeated at intervals of 5 to 7 days. In Jiroft, Tehran and Mazandaran experiments, 2, 3 and 4 sprays were performed with experimental treatments, respectively. Experimental plots were evaluated at the stage of disease severity with a grade of 9 in the scoring index in control plots. Analysis of variance showed significant differences in all experiments between treatments and control. Comparison of the mean of the experiments showed that the brands of copper oxychloride had not the same effect and were divided into several statistical groups. Their efficiency was 65.9-72% in greenhouse conditions and 29-43% in open field conditions.

Aesthetics is thought to be one of the most basic spheres of philosophy traditionally, and most of the great philosophers study it and write about it. But some of them have transcended aesthetics beyond its usual borders and have made it the core of the philosophy. In their view aesthetics, experience or act is one of the aspects of human being-in-the-world. They see aesthetics as an ontology, and try to treat it and artworks as ontological issues. German romantics, Nietzsche, Kierkegaard, are of the most important members of these philosophers. Works of Mikhail Bakhtin, Russian philosopher, and literary theorist, show that we can classify him among these philosophers. He has always been interested in aesthetic issues, both in his youth which he focused on existentialist issues, and in the later phase of his life which he focused on literary theory. In both of these phases, he also deals with ontological issues. He has almost always looked at ontological issues from an aesthetic point of view. Why? Is this a coincidence? If no, what are his reasons for this choice? Why does Bakhtin care so much about aesthetics? And how can he treat ontological issues aesthetically? In this article, we want to answer these questions. To reach this goal, we begin with his anthropology and show that in his view human lives in the world in a concrete condition. He explains this condition whit a physical term: 'chronotope', which means a matrix of place and time. Moreover, he used another important concept which borrowed from the law, 'non-alibi'. This concept in Bakhtins's thought means human does not have any cause or alibi for not-being-in-the-world. Bakhtin adds more features to them, one of these features is ‘eventness’ which means human never is ‘to-be’ rather always is ‘yet-to-be’ which means the human never finish before death. This is an annoying situation for humans. It is almost like the ‘Angst’ in Existentialist philosophies. His difference with them is that he examines this condition aesthetically. Moreover, for him or her person is very important. So he translates human concrete condition into author and hero relation. Other people can compose a hero and consummate him or her, but he can also, communicate to him or her and make him or her 'unfinished'. If another person consummate hero, he or she will get out of non-alibi status, which means he or she is not alive and real human anymore. If other people communicate with him or her, he or she will stay in non-alibi status, which is annoying for him or her. It is a conflict. Bakhtin try to solve it aesthetically. And in this article, we try to explain this try. To reach this goal, we use another Bakhtinian concept: Carnival. Bakhtin thinks medieval carnivals were some phenomena between life and art. Human in the carnival is never consummated but at the same time is free from any angst, because he has an alibi. In this article, we will show how Bakhtin can reach this conclusion.

In the present era, marketing based on some environmental and social considerations is raised as one of the most important activity of goods and services production companies, and one of the areas of marketing discussed in environmental issues is green marketing. The purpose of this study is to develop a structural model for investigating the relationship between market orientation and environmental performance and green supply chain management solution. The given article has been conducted on descriptive statistics as a survey, and the target population of this study was based on Khales Sazan’s managers and employees in Zanjan. The data were collected via a questionnaire and through random stratified sampling was distributed among 215 employees and managers of the different levels of the company. In this research, the modeling of structural equations and partial least squares (PLS) were used to test the hypothesis and fit the model. The results showed that market orientation was effective on the supply chain management strategies. But its impact on environmental performance was rejected. On the other hand, the indirect effect of market orientation has been confirmed through the intermediate variable of supply chain management strategies. Finally, it was revealed that supply chain management strategies have a positive and significant effect on environmental performance.

Cucumber powdery mildew disease which is caused by Golovinomyces cichoracearum, is one of the most important diseases of cucumber in Iran and world. In this study, the efficacy of two new fungicides, Safir® SC 32.5% and Diforobin SC 32.5%, in the control of cucumber powdery mildew disease were evaluated. Experiments were carried out in Alborz and Tehran provinces in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 9 treatments and 4 replications under greenhouse conditions. Treatments included 0.5, 0.6 and 0.75 ml/L of Safir®; 0.5, 0.75 and 1 ml/L of Diforobin; 0.4 ml/L of tetraconazol (Domark® EC 10%) and 5 g/L of bicarbonate potassium (Kaliban® SL 85%) along with control without any spraying. Foliar applications of fungicides started once after early symptoms appearance and followed up at 5-10 days intervals. Evaluation of the treated plots were done before each spraying and 12 days after last spraying as the disease severity index (DSI). Disease severity was classified using the Horsfall and Barrat scale. Mid-point of disease severity calculated for each plant. The efficacy comparisons revealed that Safir® 0.75 ml/L, Diforobin® 0.75 and 1 ml/L and Domark® 0.4 ml/L as a standard treatment had the same effects due to statistical points and decreased the Area Under the Disease Curve by the 90% compared to unsprayed check treatment. Based on the results, the fungicides Safir® and Diforobin® may be recommended to be used for registration at 0.75 ml/L for 7 to 14-days intervals.