hossein ebrahimabadi

Using new media is one of the most important cultural issues in everyday life. The expansion and prevalence of instant and continuous communication has rapidly affected various fields of daily life. The permanent presence of virtual technologies in academic environments can hardly be denied. Meanwhile, the university has also lost its previous nature and meaning. This has especially caused a change in the function of universities in relation to the society and other social entities. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between classroom virtualization and university culture during Covid-19 Situation. The study has a quantitative paradigm and its research method is a survey. The population of the research consists of 385 students of the state universities of Tehran in three categories of face-to face, semi online and online university courses. Cluster Random Sampling and Probabilistic Sampling in proportion to the number of population have been used. The research model was tested using Lisrel software. The results show that the process of virtualization has an influence on the communication as an intermediate variable and it thus has a significant effect on the university culture and its dimensions such as lifestyle, organizational culture, etc. In other words, communication is an intermediary that mediates between virtualization and dimensions of university culture. It can be concluded from the findings that the process of virtualization has created a fundamental change in human interactions and communication and this transformation in human interactions has also spread to other aspects of university life and culture.

This research attempts to answer the question that what are the strategies of cultural policy making for students to use social networks to fulfill the missions of the academic system, especially knowledge management?Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used to answer this question. In order to study the way students use social networks, a randomly selected sampling method among students from 7 top universities in Tehran and a tool for interviewing 14 university professors in the field of cyberspace used to provide strategies for cultural policy.According to research findings, the majority of students' approach is simply to share the content of others. 25.5 percent of students said their first priority was that they were simply sharing the content of others, and only 11.7 percent of students said they were focusing primarily on content production. 23 percent of students also tend to spend on content and 18 percent of students tend to download. This indicates that Iranian students are consuming in social networks and messengers. Therefore, it seems that social networks and messengers in the country have not been able to become knowledge management tools at universities. The reasons for this and the provision of policy strategies through in-depth interviews with professors have been taken into consideration. Also, the results of the deep interview indicate that in the field of strategic politics, we need to promote critical thinking and increase media literacy among students, professors and university officials. In addition, simultaneous policies in hardware and software are necessary.

Management of human societies is fulfilled through its government or political system. Many theorists by producing hypothesis and theory designs have presented works on mechanisms of formation of legitimacy and continuation of political system.
After victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, circumstances of its preservation and continuation from the view point of its founder became very important, specially, considering this fact that protecting Islamic system is located at the center of Imam Khomeini's thoughts and other revolution dignities, including cultural dignities, are under the influence of this fact. In connection with Lacatus casual philosophy model, a survey about limits and conditions of protecting political system belong to Imam Khomeini's thoughts shows a new and modern work. Referring to Lacatus model, there are optimized parts that can be named under the title of hard core, protective belt and heuristic rules.
In this research, it is tried to discuss about Imam Khomeini's thoughts concerning limits and conditions of protecting the system in the form of Lacatus model and then it is intended to review the results of this pattern.

Currently social sciences and humanities are evaluated by the same model and indicator with natural and engineering sciences and there is no specific model for it’s evaluation and this made lots of criticisms between scholars and researchers in these fields, deficiency of evaluations and misinterpretation of social sciences and humanities’ situation in Iran. Because of this necessity, aim of this paper is making a conceptual model and suggesting a multidimensional model for evaluating of social sciences and humanities. So with review of literature of roles of humanities and social sciences and choossing integrated approach and developing Burowoy’s 4 kind of sociology to 4 kinds of social sciences and humanities we came to a primary model and then correct it with using multiple research methods including content analysis of Iran and other countries ‘s experiences and qualitative interview with 35 faculty members and research fellow by targeted sampling in 18 different disciplines in this field and finally having current upgrade instruction of faculty members and research fellows in mind, we propose the multidimensional model of evaluation of social sciences and humanities.

The present research studies the pattern of the Internet usage by the third grade students of middle schools in the school year 2012-13 in Tehran. For this purpose, the needs of Iranian teenagers in virtual and cyber space have been identified and studied through an interdisciplinary approach. A researcher-made questionnaire and interviews with specialists and scholars in the fields of curriculum planning, educational technology, educational planning, information technology and communication were used based on an interdisciplinary approach. Finally, the needs of the students were divided and categorized into two factors of knowledge and skill, and individual and social characteristics on the basis of factor analysis method; the pattern of the Internet usage, including leisure factors and accessibility to information and sources, was designed and presented. Also, the results indicate that these factors have no direct effect on the network features and this effect occurs in relation to leisure factors through the location of the programs. Students’ interest in the Internet was mainly for the purposes of downloading videos and music and also playing online games and entertainment programs. This implies the necessity of attention on the part of planners to preparing and providing videos, games and educational, scientific and entertaining programs.

Information technology and its consequent virtual space are opening up a new sphere in psychological، sociological and cultural studies associated with the mutual effect of technology، culture and human beings in general، and the interaction of cyberspace and culture، identity and human relationships. Recent studies in this field should be examined at least to realize whether the psychological and social outcomes and the pathology of virtual spaces are the result of the overflow of problems and issues of society and the real space into virtual space، and to decide if the challenges and the social problems in question are due to the development and growth of electronic media and virtual space? While describing and explaining the effect of culture، society and their consequent traditions on virtual spaces، relationships and their content، and examining the effect of virtual space on culture، social actions، identity، attitudes and individual and collective behavior، the present article stresses that considering the short history and the little experience of the interaction between human and information technology and virtual space، it seems too soon to speak decisively about the outcomes of information technology and virtual spaces. Therefore، two principles are suggested to be established in cultural and social research on cyberspace. First، in the study of virtual space، priorities should be identified correctly and one should not merely focus on the problems resulting from information and communication technology instead of dealing with fundamental issues. Second، both in the theoretical and the methodological aspects of studies on virtual space، in different social and cultural spheres، one cannot rely merely on traditional theories and method، and new methods، in terms of theory، methodology and tools، should be applied.

This paper is based on a research that has been conducted among 358 undergraduate students of social sciences who were studying in five Tehran state universities. The main goal of study was evaluating the social structure of education through measuring social and educational relationships of students with each other and with their professors. The theoretical framework is derived from sociology of science and higher education literature. Based on these theoretical backgrounds, social structure of education is influential in shaping the self-efficacy and academic achievement of students.This study applied survey method and questionnaire technique, and using descriptive and inferential statistics methods, data were analyzed. The findings revealed that there is positive correlation between social structure of education and educational performance of students. The findings also showed that students with higher social integration and interactive learning have better academic performance and higher self-efficacy.

In addition to the curriculum and the learning targets, there are some other points –as “the culture of the real life”, “patterns of communication and virtual-life’s experiencing”, and generally “pattern of communication and internet usage”- should be considered in evaluating internet. Applying results of a survey on the impacts of both the web-based and the traditional educational methods on students’ learning and motivation, the present study explores the patterns of internet usage. Research method is experimental, using the t test for independent groups and analyzing multi-variable regression, and some points as the population, method of sampling and data gathering is explained in the article. Results show that there is a meaningful difference between the grades of the test group and the witness group; thus variable of “the internet usage” could predict changes in learning. In other words, supra-usage of internet would decrease learning and curriculum development. However, using internet for scientific and schooling would cause students to correlate their patterns of computer and internet usage. As results show, decline in entertaining usage of internet is related to the socio-cultural context, way and amount of participating in the web, and the quality of virtual learning sphere, rather than the interest or disinterest of the users.