hossein fathi

It is important to study the morphological diversity of native almond genotypes with the aim of selecting and introducing new cultivars. In this study, 30 native collected genotypes and six commercial cultivars of almond were evaluated in terms of 22 quantitative and qualitative traits of nut and kernel. High diversity was observed for nut weight, shell color, shell hardness, shell opening, kernel taste, and kernel percentage among evaluated genotypes. Cluster analysis based on index traits divided these genotypes into five groups. The genotypes ALC203 and ALC413 and the cultivars Non-pariel, Yalda, and Manaqha which were located in the second cluster, had thin shell with high percentage of kernel that are important for nut consumption. In principal components analysis based on the average of 10 index traits, the first three main components explained a total of 80.75 % of the diversity of traits. In the first main component, nut weight, shell thickness and shell hardness and in the second main component, nut and kernel size had the major part in the separation of genotypes. Shell hardness had significant positive correlation with shell thickness and nut weight. Kernel percentage had significant negative correlation with shell thickness and its hardness but showed positive correlation with shell opening. These results are useful for selecting new promising genotypes of almond.

Psychiatric veterans need effective psychological interventions to improve quality of life and promote resilience to problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on the resilience of psychiatric veterans.

This study was a pilot study using a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population was all psychiatric veterans of Iran in 1399 which was selected by multi-stage cluster sampling in Dezful city of Khuzestan province and randomly. Out of 200 people, 40 were selected who received the highest score from Connor Davidson's resilience test, and 30 of them had the necessary criteria and were replaced in two groups of 15 experimental and control. The experimental group participated in 12 group training sessions based on the acceptance and commitment program for 12 weeks while the control group did not receive any intervention.  

The Connor and David Sean Resilience Questionnaire was used to collect data. ACT was performed on the experimental group in eight two-hour sessions per week, then the questionnaire was administered to both experimental and control groups (post-test). The results showed that acceptance and commitment training significantly improves the quality of resilience  of psychiatric veterans.(p = .000, F =26.630)

The analysis of covariance and regression showed that the post-test scores of the experimental group who were treated with ACT increased and this treatment improves the resilience of veterans.

In order to investigate the effects of different levels of salinity on growth indices, proline and chlorophyll content, nitrogen concentration, potassium, phosphorus and sodium contents of leaf and sodium concentration of root of GN15 hybrid rootstocks, as well as the activity of three antioxidant enzymes, an experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with 4 salinity levels of 0, 35, 70 and 105 mg / L sodium chloride and 5 replicates in 1394. Different concentrations of sodium chloride were added to the pots containing these plants and after 100 days of salinity stress, these traits were measured. Results showed as increasing salinity levels, growth indices including plant length and diameter, leaf number and area, relative humidity content and leaf chlorophyll content decreased. This reduction was lower at concentration of 35 mm but was very severe at 105 mM. Concentration and efficiency uptake of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus decreased with increasing sodium chloride concentrations, and increased the concentration of sodium in leaves and roots and its uptake efficiency in leaves. The amount of proline in the root and leaf increased simultaneously with increasing salt concentrations, so that its amount reached a maximum at concentration of 70 mM (39 and 30 mg / g fresh weight). The activity of antioxidant enzymes was also increased by increasing the salt concentration up to 70 mM, so that SOD, POD and CAT of roots in this treatment were 150.2, 22.6,13 and for leavs were 183.8, 16.8 and 24 U/mg protein, respectively.

The selection of the appropriate almond cultivars (Prunus dulcis Mill.) in dry and semi-arid regions like Iran in order to produce the optimal product is the importance. In order to study tolerance to water deficit stress, One-year old plants five almond cultivars/ genotypes on the GN15, A factorial experiment was conducted with a RCD which included 3 irrigations factors, 5 genotype factors and 3 replications. Three deficit-irrigation including moderate and severe stress (soil water potential, Ψsoil = -0.8 and -1.6 MPa, respectively) and a control treatment (Ψsoil= -0.33 MPa)  and genotypes/cultivars included: ‘K3-3-1’, ‘H’, ’13-40’, ‘Sahand’ and ‘Ferragness’ grafted on GN15 rootstock in research stations horticulture sahand (Agricultural and natural resources research center of Eastern Azerbaijan).Investigation on growth traits in this study, the number of internod, Proline, protein, total phenol, and total caratnoiede found in the leaves, the percentage of ion leakage (% EL) and chlorophyll fluorescence were evaluated. The results showed that with increasing severity of stress, Proline concentration in cultivar sahand and genotype H (respectively 83.13 and 84. 2 mg/kg) had the highest and genotype 13-40 with 53.65 mg Proline has the lowest. Cultivar ferragnes/ GN15 and 13-40/GN15 had 16.28 and 11.48 mg total protein in leaves. The total amount of phenol in the leaves of almond cultivars from 698 in the treatment control to treatment of severe drought stress to 948 mg equivalent of gallic acid per g. Cultivar Sahand with phenol mg equivalent of gallic acid per g had most activities showed and average percent leakage of electrolytes (% EL) from the 11. 59 to 59% inthe extreme drought stress increased. Severe dehydration stress by increasing the minimum amount of fluorescence and reduce the maximum fluorescence due to reducing the fluorescence rang on the plants and ratio of variable fluorescence to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) from .083 in the control plants to 0. 76 in Sahand leaves .this amount in Ferragness’ leaves from0.81 to 0. 77 was reduced. Therefore, reduction in dry weight, leaf area and number of leaves and increasing special weight of leaves was observed. By reducing the number of internode, the overall growth of young plants reduced. Five cultivars and genotypes on GN15 in moderate stress tension (Ψw =-0.8 Mpa) of were showned tolerance but in extreme stress (Ψw =-1.6 Mpa) , Sahand, Ferragness’ and only partly H genotype were tolerated but two genotypes K3-3-1, and 1340 in severe stress condation showned dehydrated and over 80% of the leaves are falled, and these genotype as the most sensitive and cultivars sahand and Ferragness’  as the most tolerant and Hgenotype with average tolerance to severe stress on the rootstock of the GN15 were diagnosed.

To investigate the effects of auxin and cytokinin on shoot regeneration from leaf segments of HS314 rootstock, in vitro plantlets grown on DKW containing 0.5 mg L-1 BAP, 5 mg L-1 GA3, 0.5 mg L-1 IBA, and 200 mg L-1 casein hydrolysate were used. Leaf segments (abaxial side) were cultured on shoot induction media containing different concentrations of TDZ (3, 6, 9, and 12 mg L-1) and IBA (0.0 and 0.1 mg L-1). Results showed that callus induction was achieved in all treatments, and IBA was not necessarily used. Nevertheless, only culture medium AP with 12 mg L-1 TDZ and 0.1 mg L-1 IBA caused shoot regeneration. In the next step, choosing the best culture medium and efficient hormonal levels, also the effect of the red light was investigated. Therefore, two culture media, MS and WPM (containing 0, 1 mg L-1 IBA and 12 mg L-1 TDZ) and two light conditions (red and white) were used. The results showed that shoot regeneration was occurred in both culture media with 1 mg L-1 IBA. The numbers of regenerated plants were affected by interaction of culture medium × light condition and 1 mg L-1 IBA. Finally, MS medium using red light and WPM using white light were considered as the best treatments for shoot regeneration from leaf segment (along with 1 mg L-1 IBA and 12 mg L-1 TDZ) for both of them.

This study was conducted to evaluate the response of Iranian promisinglate blooming almond genotypes to deficit-irrigation stress on GN15 rootstock. One-year old plants subjectedto three deficit-irrigation, including moderate and severe stress (soil water potential, Ψsoil = -0.8 and -1.6 MPa, respectively) and a control treatment (Ψsoil= -0.33 MPa), were applied for six weeks to five grafting combinations. A factorial experiment was conducted with a CRD which included three irrigations factors, five genotype factors and three replications. Genotypes/cultivarsincluded: ‘K3-3-1’, ‘H’, ‘13-40’, ‘Sahand’ and ‘Ferragness’ grafted on GN15 rootstock. Deficit-irrigation stress caused a significant reduction in plant growth parameters such as fresh and dry weights of plant organs, leafnumber, and total leafarea and leaf relativewatercontent in all almond genotypes and cultivars. Specific leaf weight (SLW) and leafabscission also significantly increased in drought-treated plants compared to the control group. Total shoot length, individual leaf area, leaf dimension (length and width), stomatal size and frequency were decreased in response to deficit-irrigation treatments. In response to stress, the‘Ferragnes’ and ‘Sahand’ cultivars on GN15 rootstock showed the highest relative water content (RWC) among the genotypes and showed the smallest decrease in fresh and dry weights of organs. The ’13-40’ and ‘K3-3-1’ genotypes showed the greatest leaf abscission and a decrease in the total leaf area, (the most reduction in transpiration area).

According to the significant effect of the structure and saturation of cathode catalyst layer (CCL) on the operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), a pore scale model is presented to simulate the transport processes in CCL. Using this model, the tortuosity and macroscopic effective diffusivity of CCL with different porosities and saturation levels were obtained. The water distribution was obtained by solving two-phase flow equations using volume of fluid (VOF) method. The structure of CCL was reconstructed by assuming agglomerates as equally-sized circles and spheres in two-and three-dimensional domains, respectively. A sequential algorithm was used to determine the location of agglomerates in the computational domain with specific overlap. A comparison was made between the results obtained for three- and two-dimensional domains which showed 2D assumption results in an overestimating on effective diffusivity. However, the variation trend of effective diffusivity versus porosity was about the same. According to the results, due to the blocking effect of water presence in CCL, the increase of saturation causes less available pathways for gas to diffuse. Therefore, the effective diffusivity decreases by the increase of saturation level. Moreover, the decrease of porosity leads to the increase of tortuosity which results in lower pathways for gas to diffuse into the domain and hence less effective diffusivity was obtained. The decrease of oxygen effective diffusivity of CCL causes a lack of oxygen concentration at the electrochemical reaction sites and leads to the decrease of the PEMFC performance.

The produced liquid water in cathode catalyst layer (CCL) has significant effect on the operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). To investigate this effect, the transport of oxygen in CCL in the presence of immiscible liquid water is studied applying a two-dimensional pore scale model. The CCL was reconstructed as an agglomerated system. To explore the wettability effects, different contact angles were considered at the surface of agglomerates. The effective diffusivity of oxygen was calculated under different contact angles at various saturation levels. The same effective diffusivity was obtained for hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains at lower saturations, however, at saturation above 0.4, hydrophobic domain provided higher effective diffusivity values. The effect of water coverage at reaction surface areas was investigated. The results showed that, at the saturation of 0.4, the hydrophobic domain with the contact angle of 150 has about 2 times more available surface area, due to different distribution of water phase compared to the hydrophilic domain with the contact angle of 20.

This research was carried out in order to evaluation effects of chemical thinners (Urea and NAA) on quantitative and qualitative characteristics on 2 peach cultivars (Sun crest and Dixired) in Meshkinshar region. Experiments were carried out based on randomized complete block design with five treatments and three replications for 2 years. Treatments were urea (10 and 12%), NAA (15 and 20 ppm) and control trees take place at full bloom stage. Characteristics such as flower abscission, fruit weight, fruit sizes, acidity, TSS and yield were measured. Results showed that effect of different concentrations of urea and NAA on flower abscission, fruit weight, fruit size, acidity, TSS and yield in cultivars were significant. Different concentrations of urea and NAA causes increased flower abscission, fruit weight, fruit size and decreased yield in studied cultivars in comparison with control trees. Mean comparison results showed that urea at 12% treatment had the most effects on flower abscission and such urea 12% had lowest yield in all cultivars. This treatment increased fruit weight and fruit size in all cultivars in comparison to other treatment. Urea 12% had highest and NAA 15 and 20 ppm had lowest acidity in Cv.dixired. NAA at 15 and 20 ppm had the most effects on TSS in comparison other treatments in sun crest peach. The highest yield was obtained from control trees in two cultivars.

One of the most common causes of chronic bacterial infections is H. pylori and there is evidence indicative of its strong association with gastric cancer. We aimed to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection using Gram staining, IgG, urea breath test (UBT), and stool antigen from patients with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Patients with GI symptoms who were referred to Fardis Central Laboratory, Fardis, Iran for identification of H. pylori from different clinical specimens from 2011 to 2014 were included in this study. Demographic data were retrieved from the medical records of enrolled patients. A total of 16002 patients were referred to Fardis Central Laboratory, Fardis, Iran over the past 3 years. Among them, 5662 (35.38%) were males and 10340 (64.62%) females; their mean age was 48 years (range 3 to 93 years). Of 16002 patients tested, 6770 (83.77%), 137 (1.69%), and 1174 (14.54%) were positive for H. pylori according to the results of immunoglobulin G (IgG), urea breath test (UBT), and H antigen, respectively. H. pylori infection rate in patients referring to Fardis Lab with GI symptoms was relatively high which could be due to some health habits. Although this kind of infection is considerably common, it can easily be diagnosed by noninvasive tests.

A fully kinetic model using selective non catalytic reduction (SNCR) of NOx has been used to reduce the NO in the exhaust of furnaces and incinerators. Ammonia and urea has been applied as reagents in the model. In considered method a reduced mechanism has been used and the results have been compared with the results of the experimental and numerical studies in the references. The comparison reveals good agreements between the results. The optimum concentration of injected reagent has been achieved for specified operating conditions and reagent slip. Comparing the results of the model by two reagents, ammonia and urea, the optimum concentration of ammonia is obtained in lower temperatures than the urea one. Moreover, using lower concentrations of NH3 results higher reduction efficiency of NO in comparison with urea. In addition, in the same concentrations of reagent the reduction efficiency of ammonia is higher. Also, the destruction of increasing the temperature of injection in the case of ammonia as a reagent is much higher than the urea one. Increasing the temperature will decrease the reduction of NO severely, but in the case of urea as a reagent the destruction of increasing the temperature is lower.

Contrast nephropathy is the third leading cause of new-onset renal failure in hospitalized patients. Contrast nephropathy has been associated with increased in-hospital and long-term morbidity and mortality. Several interventions for the prevention of contrast nephropathy have been tested in clinical trials. Recent studies have produced conflicting results regarding the efficacy of the antioxidant agents.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive effect of Pentoxifylline and Ascorbic Acid on contrast-induced nephropathy.

This clinical trial study was done in 2012 in Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center. Totally, 328 patients who were candidated for coronary artery angioplasty were entered in the study. Pentoxifylline and Ascorbic Acid 24 hours before the procedure and 24 hours after the procedure were administered orally in 164 patients (case group), and the 164 patients did not receive the medication (control group), randomly. Contrast nephropathy was defined by an absolute increase of serum creatinine >0.5 mg/dL or a relative increase of >25% measured after the procedure. Contrast nephropathy was compared between the two groups.

Totally, 121 (73.8%) patients in the case group and 113 (68.9%) in the control group were male (p value=0.329). Mean of age was 58.8±10 and 58.5±10.5 years in the case and control groups, respectively (p value=0.756). Contrast nephropathy was detected in 14 (8.5%) patients in the case group and 23 (14%) in the control group (p value=0.116; odds ratio=0.572, CI 95%: 0.243-1.150).

Prophylactic oral administration of Pentoxifylline and Ascorbic Acid could not protect against contrast nephropathy in the patients undergoing a coronary procedure. More future studies are necessary for final judgment.

Decentring or isolation of the subject is one of the poststructural concepts which has affected the literary studies. In contrast to human subject who as an intellectual gives identity to the objects surrounding him, the poststructural subject has lost his position and is injured by isolation. Hedāyat’s “Stray Dog” narrates the loneliness of a dog and deserves to be analyzed according to the semiology of decentring. This article demonstrates that all the codes of the dog’s life signify his isolated situation. When the dog is lost, he finds a new subject position, but he not only is unable to make any code-system to communicate with his master, but fails to decode the routine codes. This makes him so decentered that he has no other end than death.