hossein ghobadi

Colorectal cancer (CC) is one of the most prevalent cancers globally. Due to the severe side effects and the development of drug resistance in CC treatments, current therapeutic strategies often prove ineffective. As a result, there is a growing interest in exploring traditional medicinal plants as alternative treatment options for various human diseases. Diosgenin, a bioactive compound derived from plants, has shown potential in inhibiting the growth of human CC cells. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a critical role in colorectal tumorigenesis.

This study investigates the effects of Diosgenin on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in CC cells.

Colorectal cancer cells were treated with Diosgenin, and cell viability and plasma membrane integrity were assessed using the MTT assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assay, respectively. Apoptosis was evaluated through Annexin V/PI staining. The expression of Wnt/β-catenin-related genes was analyzed by quantitative PCR (qPCR).

Diosgenin significantly inhibited CC cell viability in a time- and concentration-dependent manner after 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours of exposure (P < 0.05). The IC50 values were determined to be 203.55, 122.95, 70.11, and 7.34 µM at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, respectively. Diosgenin at its IC50 concentration induced a significant increase in cell apoptosis after 24 hours of treatment (P < 0.05). Additionally, it caused a significant reduction in the expression of β-catenin, cyclin D1, and Pin1 (βCP).

Diosgenin exhibits anti-CC effects by inhibiting the expression of βCP genes involved in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for CC.

Low salinity water (LSW) injection and alkaline flooding are two common enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods. Although these methods have a lot of advantages, they could cause some formation damages. One of the main problems during LSW injection and alkaline flooding is fine migration. Fine migration might reduce reservoir permeability or produce and damage well facilities. Ionic strength and pH are two main factors that could control fine migration in these EOR methods. In this paper, the effect of four salts NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 was studied as an ion strength parameter on fine migration. To investigate the effect of pH, four pH of 6.5, 8, 10, and 12s was considered. The results showed that the presence of salts decreases the amount of fine migration compared to distilled water injection, and divalent salts have a better performance than monovalent salts. The results also showed that the simultaneous presence of divalent ions in the injection fluid increases the intensity of fine migration. Furthermore, studies on pH’s effect indicate that increasing the injection fluid’s pH causes the more fine migration. Zeta potential measurements prove that the potential of fine particles surfaces increases by raising fluid pH. As a result, the repulsive forces between fine particles are greater at the higher pH which causes to increase fine migration.

In the mystic/gnostic texts and in theosophists’ teachings, the issue of God’s names holds a special status, particularly broader and more important than all other mystic themes. The discussion concerning the majestic attributes of Allah and the beautiful names of Allah, their manifestations, and the characteristic effects of each on the human soul have comprised a large part of mystical written works, in which Sufi-oriented authors have proposed their views on these matters. In this research, applying an analytical and descriptive approach, and after an investigation into the resources related to the history of the holy names of God and the mystics' viewpoints, two prominent books of the fourth and sixth centuries (Kashf al-Mahjub and Rawh al-Arwah) were selected to be examined at two literary and ideational levels. It can be apprehended that the mystical works of the fourth century were written in religious format, deploying formal, didactic and simple prose style of writing. However, parallel to mysticism’s movement from piety towards love, texts appear to enjoy more pictorial and structural abstraction and literariness through deploying metaphor, allegory and rhyme. On the other hand, Sam’ani’s deliberate effort in narrating mystical experiences is evident in Rawh al-Arwah; which makes it different from Kashf al-Mahjub in this regard. This is closely related to particular and coherent status of aesthetics in Rawh al-Arwah which is conveyed to readers through passionate expressions of love and mystical experiences, issue which is absent from Kashf al-Mahjub’s didactic discourse.

Termination of employment contract is one of the most important sections of a labor contract. Because, how an employment contract terminates is related to fair distribution of job security. Also the quality of termination of an employment contract has a strong relationship with efficiency theory. Therefore, legislator in developing a legal system governing the termination of employment contract, must challenge to maintain distributive justice and efficiency while establish a balance between them. In the present paper, we intend to explain how to ensure distributive justice and efficiency and to establish a balance between them in developing a legal system governing the termination of employment contract with respect to Iran's labor code and moreover, we will see that due to wide- spreading use of temporary employment contract and the risk of not renewing of the mentioned contracts at the end of work, permanency of labor contract principle, and hence fair distributive of job security has been altered. Also complexity of formalities of firing workers has destroyed the efficiency and moreover, caused the lack of a balance between efficiency and distributive justice in termination of employment contract ways .