hossein mousazadeh

Magnetic induction tomography (MIT) is one of the new imaging techniques, and due to its characteristic such as non-intrusive and non-destructive, it has potential for use in many industries, including biological industries, multiphase flows, medical imaging, agriculture and food industries. Main parts of the MIT system are transmitter and receiver sensors, data acquisition system and image reconstruction algorithm. In this research, performance comparison of four image reconstruction algorithms in applied current magnetic induction tomography (AC-MIT) system was investigated. This system has two innovative annular electrodes as transmitter sensors and 648 coils as a receiver sensor. In order to evaluate the system performance, 12 combinations of target objects were used and image reconstruction was performed using linear back projection algorithm, Landweber iterative algorithm, Tikhonov regularization method and iterative Gauss-Newton algorithm. Size error (SE) and Relative image error (IE) parameters were used to evaluate the quality of the reconstructed images. The results showed that in all combinations of target objects, the IE values of iterative Gauss-Newton algorithm are lower than other algorithms. The results of size error parameter showed that in all four image reconstruction algorithms; increasing number of target objects increases SE parameter. As a general conclusion, it can be stated that iterative Gauss-Newton algorithm has a better performance compared to other algorithms.

An accurate, reliable, online, no-effect passing materials, continuous and non-invasive measurement of solids’ mass flow rate in conveying pipelines has been a technically challenging area, which becomes increasingly significant to achieve efficient utilization of energy raw materials and to reduce waste. In this study, a grain flow rate meter based on the centripetal force was designed, constructed, and evaluated. Initially, Discrete Element Method (DEM) analysis was performed to evaluate the easy passage of granular materials without obstructing the passage of materials in the device, as well as to determine the velocity of material passage on the measuring pan for three different rates of wheat 15.62, 32.90 and 66.75 kg/s. According to the results for three different fall rates, the velocity of the material on the measuring plate was 2.55±0.018 m/s. In the first stage of the evaluation, load cell calibration was done using standard weights from 100 to 1800 N with steps of 100 N and for validation from 5 to 500 N with steps of 5 N. Finally, the load cell calibration was confirmed with a coefficient of determination above 99% with RMSE=3.88 N. Then, the apparatus was evaluated for specific amounts of wheat in seven different amounts from 5 to 35 kg with 5 kg steps with a random shedding rate. The results showed that the device is able to measure the rate of granular material shedding with very high accuracy (determination coefficient above 99% and mean absolute percentage error 0.55%).

Mass flow rate measurement has application in many industrials, e.g. silos, ports, food and drug industry. Mass flow sensors are used in cereal combines as well. Installed mass flow sensors on the combines creates some problems such as; cost, precision, recalibration and sensitivity for environmental conditions. So, introducing a new sensor based on new technology would had potential for future installation. A mass flow rate measurement sensor based on electrical capacitance tomography constructed and evaluated in this research. Defining the best discretization method for solving potential equations in FEM was the main objective of this research. Therefore, four discretizing method are compared and results are evaluated from run-time and precision viewpoint. According to results, the finer elements near the electrodes and increasing element numbers in such a way that don’t break the in-situ condition would be the best cases. The ECT system with fine elements and mesh numbers of 2048 would be applicable for mass flow rate measurement in combine harvesters.

In determining the mass flow rate of bulk materials such as grains that pass through closed channels such as pipes, the online measurement of the volume ratio of solid materials and their distribution in the pipe cross-section is of particular importance. Considering the features of conventional methods such as be creating obstacles in the passage of materials (permeability) and low accuracy, in this research the non-contact tomography method of electrical capacitance was investigated for monitoring the flow of solid materials. In this method, to measure the amount of material and its density, it uses the measurement of the dielectric properties of the material inside the pipe. The developed electro-capacitance tomography system has 8 main electrodes and 16 secondary electrodes, anti-noise guards and a transmitter and receiver circuit, which was installed on a non-conductive pipe with a diameter of 20 cm. The main problem in the performance of the electro-capacitance tomography is the noise and lack of optimal image reconstruction with the conventional LBP algorithm. In this study, the performance of Tikhonov algorithm was compared with the conventional LBP algorithm. In this research, by using different guards, the noise level of the system was reduced so that the signal-to-noise ratio reached 56.09 dB. The results of the comparison of two algorithms showed that the Tikhonov algorithm has a good behavior in reconstruction of a tomogram of the wheat mass next to the pipe walls compared to the LBP algorithm, and except for the condition that the pipe is completely full, in other filling patterns of the pipe, has a better performance.

Multiphase flows are a major part of many industrial processes, and therefore their monitoring and control is importance. Density is one of the most important characteristics of fluid and its online measurement is essential for the fluid monitoring and control. In this research, an applied current magnetic induction tomography (AC-MIT) system was designed and constructed to measure the density of multiphase flow in pipeline. The main components of the AC-MIT system include the transmitter and receiver sensors, data acquisition system and problem solving algorithm. In AC-MIT system, innovative transmitter sensors were used, which include two annular electrodes and mounted on the wall of the media. Receiver sensors include a number of coils that are installed around the media. Iterative Gauss-Newton algorithm with Tikhonov regularization method was used to solve the inverse problem. To evaluate performance of the AC-MIT system, Saline water and soil-sand mixture were used as the liquid and solid phase, respectively. The effect of temperature and salinity levels (Five different temperature and salinity levels) was investigated using the response surface method and ANOVA. The results showed that there is a linear relationship between the mass concentrations measured in the two modes (manual measurement and measured by AC-MIT system) with an acceptable coefficient of determination (R2 in the range of 0.98 to 0.99). The results of statistical analysis showed that different levels of temperature and salinity of the carrier phase as well as the interaction of temperature and salinity did not have a significant effect on system performance.

The present study had a twofold objective, including the reconceptualization of medical tourists’ perceived risk in the COVID-19 pandemic and developing strategies to reduce medical tourists’ perceived risk during the pandemic. These two steps were referred to as a strategic-based approach. The first step defines medical tourists’ perceived risk as the subjective/cognitive (mind-driven) expectations and objective/actual (real-image driven) evaluation of the negative consequences/losses before/after making travel decisions to an unsafe COVID-19 destination. Following that, the associated dimensions were identified, such as psychological, financial, health, legal, performance, facility, and time risks. Finally, two main strategies (country-based and hospital-/clinic-based) were developed to create a safe COVID-19 destination. This study could make significant theoretical and practical contributions to strategic medical tourism management.

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that measures properties of multiphase fluids such as particles distribution and volume concentration by injecting a current into a set of electrodes and reading voltages from the electrodes. A strategy of injection and signal measurement has an important role in the image reconstruction quality and measurement accuracy. In large phantoms with high-conductivity, conventional strategies such as adjacent are not able to measure the signal with suitable quality. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to construct and evaluate the EIT system under an innovative strategy for online determination of particles distribution and concentration of solid-liquid fluid in large phantoms. The sensors of this instrument consist of 16 circular electrodes. The liquid phase was water with known conductivity and solid phase was the bottle in different sizes and in three different situations. The results showed that the innovative strategy has the ability to recognize and differentiate the target in different dimensions and different positions. The signal-to-noise rate was 1.05 dB and the dynamic range of boundary potentials was 1600 mV. The sensitivity to the sides and near the electrodes was more than the sensitivity to the middle. In positions close to the electrodes, size error decreases in medium and large target. In the three sizes of the target, ringing has no negative effect on the reconstructed image quality. Therefore, it can be concluded that the innovative strategy has a desirable performance for determining the distribution of materials in the large phantom.

Multiphase flow systems are important parts of industrial processes, including the food, pharmaceutical, oil and petrochemical industries and also agriculture. In order to monitor and control these systems, it is necessary to determine its characteristics such as mass flow of materials, mass concentration, volumetric concentration, density, velocity and homogeneity distribution of fluid. Magnetic induction tomography is one of the new methods of monitoring fluid in pipelines. Its main advantage is that MIT sensors have no contact with the fluid flow. In this research, design and performance simulation of applied current magnetic induction tomography (AC-MIT) system was studied. The system included two annular electrodes as a transmitter sensor and 196 coils as a receiver sensor. In order to performance simulation of the system, three positions (R=0, R=0.35, R=0.65) were considered for the target object and the image reconstructed using Landweber iterative algorithm with Tikhonov regularization method. To evaluate the quality of the reconstructed image, size error (SE) and root mean square error (RMSE) were calculated in different regularization coefficients. The results showed that RMSE increases with increasing regularization coefficient and decreases when the target object approaches the cross-sectional wall. SE parameter decreases as the target object approaches the cross-sectional wall. The minimum and maximum values of the calculated SE were related to R=0.65 and middle position, equal to 0.13 % and 5.72%, respectively.

Developing a robust and reliable estimation method to detect suspended sediment concentrations from various environmental and geomorphological aspects including water quality, riverbed sustainability engineering, flood management and aquatic habitats is an unavoidable necessity. In this research, a new approach has been developed using a combined optical-acoustic sensors and hybrid intelligence-based system of ANFIS modeling to predict the concentration of suspended river sediments. Also, two measurement systems were placed in a water tank in vitro, and every 50 seconds, 10 g of soil (passed through sieve 140) was added to the water as suspended sediment until the total sediment in the water was 100 grams. The operation was performed in 20 iterations and the output values ​​of the two measurement methods were given as inputs. Interface structure with only optical sensor inputs with higher efficiency coefficient of determination (R2) 0.94 and mean square error root mean square error (RMSE) 7.15 (gr) compared with the ultrasonic sensor inputs with coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.91 and root of the mean squared error was 8.72 (gr). Also, the highest efficiency of hybrid structure with two inputs of two measurement methods had coefficient of determination (R2) 0.97 and root mean square error was 5.26 (gr). According to the results, the best distance between receiver and transmitter in the ultrasonic sensor was between 8 and 15 cm and the use of hybrid system in sediment estimation was more efficient with an error of 3 and 1.5 percent less than the error of separate ultrasonic and optical systems.

It is necessary to use methods to monitor the pH of the rumen and maintain it between 5.5 and 7. In this research, a pH Nano-sensor based on EIS technique was developed and assessed in order to be used in wireless monitoring system of rumen pH. Single-Wall Carbone Nanotubes were functionalized with carboxylic groups (COOH), also with Amin groups (NHRNH2). Then interdigitated chrome-gold electrodes were coated by a drop of the solution obtained from dispersing with a known ratio of COOH-SWNT and Amin-SWNT in PECH/THF solution. Finally, the developed electrode was used as working electrode in EIS experiments over the laboratorial and real (rumen liquid) samples in the form of buffer solutions, adjusted at various pH values. Each experiment was done by applying AC voltages of 20 mV with frequencies ranging from 0.1Hz to 1MHz. Results showed that the developed electrode was pH sensitive and for real samples, impedance modulus, |Z|, linearly increased with pH (Freq.=0.4kHz, R2 =0.99).

Urban sprawl and the presence of old and worn-out tissues in the central core of the cities have led planners to think about providing solutions and programs to improve these textures. The purpose of this study was to assess the principles of new urbanism in order to apply these components to the revival of old tissues and identification to the tumultuous neighborhoods around urban rivers. The research has also been conducted to answer these questions. Which of the evaluated points of the new urbanism principles have been well-placed to restore the urbanized urban waste of the 4th district of Rasht and whether the plans and plans have been carried out Has the quality been improved in order to improve and identify the neighborhoods? The present study is an applied research in terms of purpose, and in terms of the nature and method of descriptive-survey and inferential work. The statistical population of this study is all citizens of district 4 of Rasht city. The random sampling method was from the citizens of the region to 384 people. The results of the questionnaire and the help of the SAW method have been used in the GIS environment in order to rehabilitate the old habitat of rivers in Rasht city. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts and the reliability of the questionnaire was measured through Cronbach's alpha.

Natural spaces of the city are among the most valuable urban spaces that guarantee their sustainability and quality of life through its multi-functional processes. Not only do these spaces have ecological value, but their ecological design can, in addition to providing suitable tourist areas, also provide the ground for social interactions, including these natural spaces, rivers and urban areas that have been neglected by the rapid growth of cities and in recent decades an excuse to meet the basic needs of the growing population has been destroyed. Therefore, considering the diverse functions and continuous ecological and potential returns of these spaces, one of the necessities of sustainable urban management and development. Therefore, in the present study, in order to understand the best approaches of intervention to recreate, the study of the restoration project of the Alangdarreh River which has led to the construction of the Mellat Park in Gorgan has been studied.

The present study is based on the purpose of the study, and is a descriptive-analytic study in terms of the research method. The theoretical framework is carried out using the library methodology and literature review. The data and data were collected by using a researcher-made questionnaire for field analyzes. The city of Gorgan, as the capital of the Golestan province, forms the realm of this research. The statistical population of this research includes all citizens of Gorgan city. The sample size was 300 people based on the Cochran formula and the sampling was done by simple random sampling. Classification and Valuation of Indices have been done using the Likert Five Optional Spectrum. In evaluating the validity of the questionnaire, the formal validity and experts' opinions were used and the reliability of the research tool was used as pre-test and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.85, which indicates a suitable and acceptable reliability of the questionnaire's tool. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software using statistical methods such as single-sample T-test.

To measure the security indices in the area (Mellat Park), the Alangdarreh River in Gorgan is lower than average, using single sample T test. To this aim, the indicators in 7 sections include a Survey on the General Situation of Security Indicators in the Mellat Park on the Sides of the Alangdarreh River, Security Assessment, Mellat Park on the Gulf of Alangdarreh River (readable design dimension), Assessment of the security status of the Alangdarreh River (Mellat Park) on the health safety aspect, Assessment of the security status of the Alangdarreh River (Mellat Park) on the physical access point, Assessing the security status of the Mellat park and the margin of the Alangdarreh River in lighting, Assessment of the physical security of the Alangdarreh River border, and Assessing the sense of safety of the Mellat Park on the fringe of the Alangdarreh River. The results of each section can be seen in the relevant tables. According to the final table, one-sample T-test to measure citizens' opinions about their satisfaction from the components affecting their quality of life, and the assessment of the normal distribution of responses, taking into account the previous test, and finally the test Based on the results of this parametric test, it can be stated that the importance of citizens' satisfaction as a result of their consequences on the quality of life from their point of view is very high, which shows on most of the components measured satisfactory level This category can be from the test statistic and the significance level of 99% from all Components have been.

The results indicate that the overall average in the boost was 2.59%, which is close to the average. Also, the status of the boosters in terms of physical access indicators, readability design, lighting, physical security, sense of security and environmental comfort - environmental pollution (safety, health) with an average of 3.41, 3.07, 2.89, 2.85, 2.283 2.64 are in the best and worst conditions, respectively. It also seems that the level of satisfaction of citizens and residents of the targeted area is very high on the factors affecting their quality of life and the performance of the authorities. So that it can be clearly stated that the citizens of the region and their level of satisfaction with the components of the various parts of the quality of life are high and directly affect the quality of life of each of them. In general, observance of the principles of security in urban park in order to prevent risks and accidents and to protect human and material resources is one of the most important and most important measures that should always be considered. The ignorance and non-observance of the safety principles in urban parks is a consequence of many accidents and damages to people and the environment. Hence, the wilderness has not been the reason for this, so that the findings of the research indicate that this park is in terms of the status of security indicators in unfavorable conditions. Therefore, it is imperative that we identify and reduce as much as possible the safety of these parks, hazards and incidents. Therefore, achieving this goal is not possible without knowing the risks and incidents and acquiring the necessary knowledge and skills on how to prevent them in urban parks.

Throughout history, human beings have experienced the scenes of war and military adventures, and less land has survived from this pest. It is imperative and inevitable to strengthen the urban defense facilities, to set up risk aversion routes, to improve the status of services that are necessary at the time of defense. In this perspective, the human effort to survive has to be equipped with threats. The city is a dense human habitat, which, due to human presence, needs security and safety in all its physical, social, economic, and cultural dimensions. Based on the importance of the subject, the present study is based on the developmental-applied approach and a combination of research methods A descriptive-analytical study of the subject in Gomishan city has been analyzed by providing a city method and effective urban elements in the field of passive defense from the perspective of distance from the center of the city of Gomishan, which seeks to reduce the potential damage caused by human hazards. And natural in the city. The occurrence of natural and human events will cause heavy casualties in the cities. The issue of paying attention to the dimensions of harm and the disassembly of standards will inevitably make the city more comfortable from the perspective of passive defense in order to identify vulnerable elements with a passive defense approach. The city of Gomishan, according to previous studies in this field Neither hierarchical method was used. In this regard, after the identification of the criteria

The dried products quality is influenced by the drying methods and different temperatures, especially on their smell and aroma. The electrohydrodynamic (EHD) method as a non-thermal drying method has an increasing effect on the rate of evaporation of product moisture content in ambient temperature and pressure, and preserve quality in dried food products. The objective of this study was to classify the quality of dried dates at three different air velocity by different drying conditions of electrohydrodynamic (EHD in 25 and 35 °C), hot air (HA at 60 °C) and hybrid drying (EHD-HA at 60 °C) techniques based on odor using a multi-sensory olfactory machine. The results showed that dried date fruit quality base on its odor was classified to three classes (1: EHD at 25°C, 2: EHD at 35°C and 3: HA and EHD-HA at 60 °C). The response of metal oxide semiconductor sensors in EHD method at 25 °C was higher than the others which show the aroma of dried date fruit in class 1 is conserved more better than the other classes. Finally, the effective sensors were determined to recognize the odor of date fruit.

Nowadays, the growth of in-vehicle and off-road vehicle technology is significant and the need to develop its related infrastructure to maximize their capacity for land, sea and air transportation is essential and unavoidable. It is time consuming and costly to monitoring the environment in water, earth and air conditions for a safe operation, without the use of robots. With automatic monitoring, operations can be performed with the least error and 24 hours a day. So the purpose of this research is to develop and evaluate a composite algorithm for navigating an off-road vehicle (Surface Vehicle) and compare it with the results obtained from computer simulations, to check the accuracy of this algorithm. This robot boat is designed and developed for hydrographic construction could navigate and perform hydrographic operations around the clock and fully autonomous without any supervision. Comparison between experimental and simulation results showed that the simulated algorithm had acceptable accuracy and could navigate experimentally. The Standard Deviation (SD) for practical test was below 0.5 m.

Social media act as a dominant digital channel of communication, and in recent years, the use of social media in the tourism industry has also become very common. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of social networks on oral advertisements of tourists regarding the role of feelings. This research is based on descriptive-survey method. The required information in this study is gathered through a questionnaire and a library and the statistical population of the tourists' research is in the Tajan River of Sari. The sample size is 383 subjects determined using Cochran's formula and Cronbach's alpha for the whole questionnaire was 0.89. The results of the research show that the social networks are effective on the feelings of the tourists. Therefore, in general, recognizing the feelings of the tourists to the destination should be done according to their desire to carry out advertisements and provide services. In addition, it was found that oral advertisements have a significant effect on the feelings and increasing the resurgence of the tourists to the region. According to the findings of the research, the tourists still trust oral advertisements carried out in the city more than the advertisements provided from the social networks.

In the study of urban issues in the form of sustainable urban development, it is assumed that if the cost, regardless of equalization mechanisms, is used to develop infrastructure, equipment and urban services, it will intensify the inequality among different classes of urban population. In other words, urban sustainability is a type of sustainable development that encompasses environments and urban spaces. This will be achieved when sustainable development principles and approaches are used as the basis for urban development studies. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the status of Khorasan Razavi Khorasan provinces in different areas of development and to determine the imbalance in this field using multiple subscripts and multiple indicators. The issue that necessitates this research is to implement provincial-level programs in the field of sustainable development so that both provincial cities in development can achieve a fair level and improve the province's situation throughout the country.

When cities have the two virtual and real spaces, it is an urban population movement managing to provide peace and security to its citizens through rationalizing urban population movement. In an electronic city, information services are given with no temporal or spatial limit (Safari & Kanaani, 2007). The use of new technology and communications in municipality as a service-providing organ leads to the establishment of an extensive, integrated, and secure structure to provide urban services. Urban services include assessing all the needs of the people in the city in terms of providing urban services and increasing the welfare of citizens (Mousazadeh, Bazzi, Mirkatouli, & Farrokhzad, 2015). Gorgan, city is the capital of Golestan, is one of the most populated cities within the region. Every day, there is a massive movement of people across the city. Living in an electronic city will be time and money saving for both citizens and the government. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of implementing an electronic city in the urban area of Gorgan.
This research is descriptive-analytical using survey method. Delphi method is used for the use of urban experts’ opinions. The statistical population of the present study includes experts in the field of urban management and information technology in Gorgan. Since the correct number of the study population is not available, an estimated number of 70 people were selected. Finally, the data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software in an attempt to find the best solution to implement an electronic city in Gorgan.
Regarding the feasibility of the implementation of an electronic city in Gorgan, 20 factors influencing the development of the electronic city have been considered. In fact, the impact of these factors has been measured by experts. In addition, the Chi-Square test has been used to examine the components which were used to measure the use of information technology in Gorgan from the viewpoint of experts and managers. With regard to the results, it can be said that in relation to most of the components of information and communication technology, the infrastructure has been launched from the viewpoint of experts and managers. The findings of the multivariate regression coefficient show the impact of the components of creating a suitable environment for encouraging investors in the information technology sector, expanding computer and internet education to all classes of society, helping protect the privacy of the individuals, making the commitment of urban macro management to building an electronic city, having suitable control, monitoring the system, long-term strategic thinking at the macro level of the country, the most important factors are the creation and formation of electronic city in Gorgan.
Gorgan, the capital of Golestan, is one of the densely populated cities of the region with many offices throughout the province which has a massive population movement from all over the city every day. Thus, if the electronic city is established, it will save time and money for citizens and the government. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the feasibility of implementing an electronic city in the urban area of Gorgan. The statistical population of the present study includes experts and managers of urban management and information technology in Gorgan. However, since the correct number of the study population is not available, an estimated number of 70 were selected to administer the researchers’ made questionnaire. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software and the best solution to establish the electronic city in Gorgan was presented. The results of the regression test indicate that there is a significant relationship between the component of computer and internet education in all sectors of society and the long-term strategic thinking at the macro level of the country with the formation of the electronic city. The Beta coefficient explicitly demonstrates the above relationship.
Depending on the Beta coefficient the following suggestions are made in order to establish an electronic city in Gorgan.
• Creating the culture of using computers and the internet among all classes of Gorgan
• Compulsory payment of bills and installments via the internet and information technology
• Have a comprehensive and strategic plan for the development of the electronic city in the long run
• Establishment of working groups in Gorgan governorate and municipality for the development of information and communication technology
• Establishing appropriate infrastructure for the development of information and communication technology in the city

Today, the comprehensive crisis management programs and projects Application of Passive Defense before, the intensity of the extent of the losses caused by such risks are significantly reduced. The measures to reduce the risk is to apply the principles of passive defense, as well as to apply these measures can be used to reduce risk to natural hazards and manmade helpful. However, due to our country's geographical and political situation is always at risk of natural hazards and man-made threats (war) has been and heavy human casualties and financial losses incurred. Therefore and considering the importance of research, the aim of this study was to assess the vulnerability of utility with passive defense approach in Gorgan is the purpose of descriptive - analytical and field studies and subsequent zoning and overlay data layers ( IndexOverlay) software is used GIS spatial analysis. In this study, using five criteria of access, population density, dispersion police stations 10, building density and spatial distribution of critical facilities Gorgan and delineate them and finally made use of overlapping layers, It was found that the northwestern city of Gorgan to focus on vital installations such as electricity distribution companies Province, the national broadcast of petroleum products and the District of vulnerability is more in need of measures, planned in the framework of passive defense is .

Furniture industry releases annually a large amount of volatile organic compound to the environment due to the use of adhesives, textiles, paints and coating materials. There are some different methods to measure the load of pollutions and the environmental impacts. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is one of the best techniques. LCA is a technique in which all environmental impacts related to a product assessed all over its life cycle, from cradle to grave, and ultimately can be used to improve the production process and to prevent unsuitable environmental impacts. In summary, it can be concluded that the use of this technique is the basis for sustainable development and improving social, economic, and environmental indices. This study focused on the collecting of a comprehensive life cycle inventory data for comfortable furniture in two different production processes (B1 and B2) located in Tehran province, and analyzed the environmental impacts during the production process as gate to gate investigation. The results revealed that emissions in production process B1 were higher than that of production process B2. The reason for this is that basic operations such as sawing and frame assembling along with final operation have been done in the same unit for case B1. Textile production and usage, and polyurethane foam were identified as the main hotspots, respectively. Moreover, the results showed that comfortable furniture production process has the highest effects on ecosystem quality, human health, and resources (fossil fuels and mines), respectively.

Currently, one of the factors for attracting tourism is the natural resources of the country that resulted in natural tourism in the region. Natural tourism emphasizes on geomorphosites with geomorphic locations, and they assay on the historic, ecological and cultural potentials to program Mize stable tourism. The Chahardange section is a geographical zone with a high potential for attracting rural tourism. The project used geology and topological maps and exact reviews based on the Nicholas and Fasilous methods. The Fasilous final assessment method was used to identify the proper site that represents the ideal conditions in terms of geomorphological processes. The Nicholas method revealed that the sources of Surat-Badab achieved the highest score of 33 points. The results also revealed that the top-rated site was identified to have physical and unique beauty. Thus, the Chahardange zone needs to identify and to property stable tourism development at crucial programs. Moreover, scientific and topological grades and conservative and useable potentials must be imported as per geomorphosites.

Organic manure plays an important role in the improvement of soil structure by decreasing bulk density and increasing porosity. However, the method of manure spreading influences its beneficial impact on soil structure. In this study, a novel helical manure distributor machine capable of spreading manure with different moisture contents at maximum distribution width was developed and the machine performance was also modeled. The machine consisted of two screw conveyors that was located at the bottom of hopper. Manure distribution system included two drums in both sides of hopper. Manure was broadcasted on the field by centrifugal force that was applied by rotational motion of drums. Effect of drums speed and manure particle mass on distribution width were studied. Power requirement of augers were calculated in different rotational speeds of auger and three levels of internal friction of manure. In addition, power requirement of drums were computed in different rotational speed. The distribution width and volume of hopper was 14 m and 6 m3, respectively.The results showed that PTO power requirement increased by increasing rotational speed and internal friction of manure. The maximum PTO power requirement and drawbar power requirement of machine were determined to be 34.2 and 18.45 hp, respectively.

Our country by its remarkable geological history, has very high potential to create national parks Including spa springs and travertine. Water-boiling Badab Surat is one of the rare heritages attractions in our country. The main objectives of the research is to present and analyze Badab Surat spring with Renard and Pereira methods and protect of this Geological phenomenon. In this study, the analytical method, library resources and documents such as the Department of Geological maps 1: 100,000, proposing common softwares satellite, geographical area Like Google Earth (to assess the height and latitude region), ArcGIS and models Rennard and Pereira (via questinnaire) were used. The results of the questionnaire and field observations show Rennard combined with scientific values and added respectively with scores of 0/77, 0/67 and 0/62 as the most and least important. Zhyvmvrfvsayt in assessing by using two criteria such as Pereira geomorphological and management of privileges is 7 and 75/5. The reason for the lower grade because of poor management and planning management. This area has substantial capabilities in sustainable tourism because of it is combined with geological heritage, historical, ecological and cultural. This area, because of its maintenance and high geomorphological value, need to invest in the development of sustainable tourism development and comprehensive planning. With regard to this issue, it should be more accurate planning for sustainable tourism development and protection and proper management of natural resources.

Climate builds not only a resource for tourism as a driver but can be a limitation. Climate is usually described by air temperature and rain conditions and sometimes by the sunshine duration at a location. Nevertheless, these parameters are less representative for the spatial and temporal climate variability of a region and do not cover all the components of climate. In this research, due to the impact of climatic factors in tourism planning, determining tourism climate index (TCI) is of great concern. In this project, to assess the tourism climatic conditions using bioclimatic index (Tourism Climate Index), data from 10 synoptic stations of Gilan in a 10-year period (2012-2003) was collected and incomplete data through linear regression was rebuilt. In this system model, 7 parameters, the average monthly rainfall, average temperature, average relative humidity, maximum temperature, minimum relative, the mean daily sunshine duration and wind speed were evaluated. The aim of this study is to investigate the conditions of tourism climate in Gilan province based on TCI tourism climate and using the techniques of geographic information systems (GIS), they have mapped out and prepared the map of TCI for all months of the year. The results of this study showed that the optimal conditions in the region in terms of tourism climate are in May and the most difficult month in terms of tourism climate is in November which was the lowest TCI. In terms of geographical coverage, the ideal climatic conditions are more dominant in the North West (including the cities of Talesh, Astara, Anzali, Kiashahr, Roudsar).