فهرست مطالب hossein nahangi

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that affects all the physiological systems of the body and recently, the age of suffering from DM has decreased. The aim of this study was to assess the semen parameters of males with DM type 2 and non-diabetic males without any metabolic disorders.
This study was a case-control study. In this study, semen samples were taken from19 male patients with DM type 2 as the case group, and 29 male non-diabetic males as the control group. Semen samples analyzed according to the standards of WHO (volume, count, motility and morphology).
Assessment of semen parameters in the case and control groups showed that progressive motility, count and morphology decreased significantly. There was no significant decrease in volume of semen samples.
Our results showed that DM type 2 has detrimental effects on semen parameters and it can reduce male fertility potential in men with DM type 2.

Chondrocytes and their differentiation play a central role in joint diseases. Effect of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 on chondrocyte characteristics and differentiation is not clearly understood. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of TGF-β1 on tissue characteristics and morphology of chondrocytes against degradation induced by interleukin (IL)-lα in bovine nasal cartilage (BNC) explant culture.
BNC explants were cultured in DMEM and samples were divided into four groups. In group A (control); samples were only cultured in DMEM and group B; was treated with IL-1α (10 ng/ml), group C; treated with TGF-β1 (10 ng/ml) and group D; treated with IL-1α (10 ng/ml) TGF-β1 (10 ng/ml) for 14 days. At days 3, 7 and 14 the media were collected and replaced with fresh media. Then, samples were harvested on days 3, 7 and 14 and chondrocyte morphology was assessed by invert microscopy. We used Masson's Trichrome stain to visualize collagen distribution and synthesis, and Safranin O and Alician blue to highlight the proteoglycan content.
In the presence of IL-lα, most of the chondrocytes were transformed into fibroblast-like morphology with pyknotic nuclei at day 14 and proteoglycan and collagen in extracellular matrix (ECM) were destructed at this time. In the presence of TGF-β1, chondrocytes preserved their ordinary normal features. Also, TGF-β1 inhibited collagen and proteoglycan destruction and cartilage ECM showed normal characteristics.
IL-1α induced significant morphological changes in chondrocytes and increased the destruction of ECM. TGF-β1 could strongly preserves cartilage from IL-1α degradation effects.

Methamphetamine is a central nervous system stimulant and one of the most common drugs which used in the United States and some Asian countries like Japan. Its use has been increased in the recent years in Iran. Using histological and stereological methods the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term administration of methamphetamine on the number and size of different cell layers of the cerebellum in mice.
A total of 30 male mice (weight: 45gr, age: 8 weeks) were divided into three groups (10 mice each group) and group I (control) received normal saline and groups II and III received methamphetamine (0.1 and 1 mg/kg respectively), intra-peritoneally. The animals were anesthetized with ketamine after one month and the cerebellum was removed and fixed in 5% formalin. Then, the left cerebellum hemispheres slides were stained with toluidine blue and hematoxylin-eosine method. The volume of cerebellar cortex layers was investigated by Cavalieri's principle, using point counting. To calculate the number of Purkinje and granular cells, physical dissector method was used.
Methamphetamine decreased cerebellar volume, the volume of the granular layer, the number of granular and Purkinje cells in both experimental groups compared to control group. Methamphetamine consumption also decreased the volume of molecular layer in the 1 mg/kg group compared to control group. Furthermore, methamphetamine increased the volume of white matter in the 1 mg/kg group compared to control mice and the 0.1 mg/kg group.
Methamphetamine reduces the cells and volume of cerebellar possibly due to cell injury and neuronal death. Enhancement of the white matter could be a compensatory reaction to the cerebellum cells loss.

In vitro maturation (IVM) is a promising treatment option for certain infertile women. Nowadays, with the aid of PolScope, it has become possible to evaluate zona pellucida (ZP) characteristics as a parameter of oocyte quality. Moreover, quality of oocytes can be influenced by many factors, such as patient’s age. The PolScope system is a non-invasive technique to assess birefringent structures such as the meiotic spindle and ZP in living oocytes. The aim was to determine the influence of the woman''s age on ZP birefringence, a sign of oocyte quality, and morphology of in-vitro matured human oocytes using non-invasive polarized light (PolScope) microscopy. ZP birefringence and morphology were determined in 105 retrieved oocytes from 58 women undergoing ICSI in two age groups (≥30 years and <30 years). The immature oocytes were selected and after IVM, the quality of metaphase ΙΙ (MII) oocytes was assessed. The oocytes abnormalities were classified as intracytoplasmic and extracytoplasmic abnormalities. Oocyte maturation rates were significantly reduced in ≥30 year’s women (56%) in comparison with other age group (80.7%). In addition, the ZP birefringence was significantly higher in MII oocytes in the younger group compared with the older group (76.2% vs. 38.1%; p=0.00). Following morphologic assessment, the rates of oocytes with extracytoplasmic (p=0.02) and both abnormalities (extra- and intracytoplasmic) (p=0.01) were higher in aged versus the younger women. There was a positive relationship between advanced maternal age with decreased ZP birefringence and oocyte morphological quality in in-vitro matured human oocytes.

Macrophages derived foam cells are key factors in the maladaptive immune and inflammatory response.. The study of the cholesterol homeostasis and the molecular factor involved in these cells is very important in understanding the process of atherosclerosis and the mechanisms that prevent its occurrence.. This experimental study investigated the effects of c9, t11-Conjugated Linoleic Acid (c9, t11-CLA). Alpha Linolenic Acid (LA), and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) on the PPARα and ACAT1 mRNA expression by Real time PCR and cholesterol homeostasis in THP-1 macrophages derived foam cells.. Incubation of CLA, LA, EPA, and synthetic ligands did not prevent increasing the cellular total cholesterol (TC). Free cholesterol (FC) is increased by Sandoz58-035 (P = 0.024) and decreased by fatty acids and Wy14643 (Pirinixic acid) (P = 0.035). The pattern of distribution of %EC is similar to the EC pattern distribution. The ACAT1 mRNA expression was significantly increased by EPA (P = 0.009), but c9, t11- CLA, LA, Wy14643, and Sandoz58-035 had no significant effect on the mRNA level of ACAT1 expression compared to DMSO(Dimethyl sulfoxide).. In comparison to the control of Wy14643, Sandoz58-035, c9 and t11-CLA, EPA increased the PPARα mRNA levels (P = 0.024, P = 0.041, P = 0.043, and P = 0.004, respectively), even though, LA had no significant effect on the PPARα mRNA expression (P = 0.489).. Variations in the chemical structure of fatty acids can affect their physiological function..

The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of Iranian medical and dental students in thinking critically and to assess their ability in using definite components of critical thinking (CT). Multistage cluster sampling was utilized to recruit 125 preclinical (1st, 2nd and 3rd year of study) students in Yazd Shaheed Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd, Iran. The Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) was applied to collect data. The statistical analysis of the data included One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-test and bivariate correlations. The mean total score for this sample was 45.33±5.4. Significant differences were found in total critical thinking score by gender (p= 0.022), residency (p= 0.026) and the year of education (p= 0.01). A significant correlation was found between the total CT score and the student’s number of passed credits (r= 0.297, p= 0.003). Also, a significant difference was found in the students’ scores on the WGCTA evaluation subtest by passing any research method courses (p= 0.04). The CT ability in medical and dental students in the present study was weak overall. Medical educators and clinical instructors should try to develop the ability of CT by teaching methods and techniques like purposeful planning and problem-based teaching to promote the components of CT in their students. The improving of CT in medical students has implications for medical education and promotion of medical profession.

At present two teaching methods of traditional and integration are used for the theoretical instruction of anatomical sciences including anatomy، histology and embryology. It is thought that the integration teaching method can help Medical students، especially in their clinical course of study. This study was designed to find the attitudes of Medical students of Yazd University of Medical Sciences toward this method in teaching anatomical sciences courses. This study was done on Medical students who had been educated by the integration method. Data collection was done by using a self administrated questionnaire in four domains of knowledge about the integration program of anatomical sciences courses، facilities of the integration process، order of course presentation and satisfaction of the integration plan. Data were analyzed through SPSS software package. Most of the respondents had moderate familiarity with the integration method and asserted that this method had moderately facilitated their learning process in anatomical sciences courses. According to most participants، the rate of coordination between the organ system was moderate. Students’ satisfaction of integration of embryology، histology and anatomy courses was high. In regard to the order of course presentation، participants preferred histology، embryology، anatomy، and physiology order. Attitudes of Medical students toward horizontal integration method of basic sciences courses was moderate and based on the obtained results، it seems that the best presentation order is respectively histology، embryology، anatomy، and physiology.