فهرست مطالب hossein novin

Although defamiliarization has been proposed as one of the topics of contemporary literary criticism, it has existed in all past times, both in form and in meaning, and has guaranteed the development of the form and content of human thought. In fact, defamiliarization is a means of liberating man from his neglect of what was once sacred and valuable to him, and now has been overlooked by him due to habituation. Undoubtedly, poets are among the most outstanding pioneers of human societies, and they have always led people to pay attention to the renewal of the world and rely on the philosophy of previous consciousnesses. The poet Hafez has shown sensitivity to this issue from others and his words have been a clear example of defamiliarization of the ideas of humanization that the governments were using to reverse it by means of their own men . In order to realize his belief, he uses various art-making techniques, such as the use of incongruous adjectives, additional and descriptive combinations, archaism, contrary to expectations, and other tools. This research aims to show defamiliarization techniques and its effect on Social thought, Hafez has emerged. The information of this research was provided through the library method, or using the qualitative research method, it was analyzed and reported. Among the noteworthy results of this research, we can mention Hafez's art in using defamiliarization to fight against power.

One of the issues that has always been raised and challenged about Hafez's poetry has been the issue of semantic connection among the verses of Hafez's sonnets. Some proponents of the existence of coherence and semantic connection in the structure of Hafez's sonnets believe that the verses of the sonnets may seem discrete at first glance; But they have a coherent and central core with which the other verses of a sonnet have a semantic connection. In contrast، some believe that the verses in a sonnet are independent of each other and each verse has an independent meaning and interpretation. Therefore، the purpose of this article is to examine the semantic connection in five memorable sonnets that have been randomly selected to be a handful of good examples. Therefore، the analysis of this issue is descriptive-analytical and in a library style، which after examining these lyric poems، we finally came to the conclusion that Hafez lyric poems have semantic coherence and this coherence and connection through existence of the  central core in poetry is having a common semantic fit and theme in all the verses of a sonnet، as well as the variety of sonnets and the repetition of words in the poem.

One of the most important components of magical realism is the high frequency of elements such as sound, smell, light and such elements, which ultimately fills the space of the work with illusion and imagination and blurs the boundaries between reality and fantasy. The study of the novel "Night Harmony of the Wood Orchestra" by Reza Ghasemi shows that the sound element has a high frequency in this novel. In this regard, in the upcoming article, the prominence of the sound element in creating the atmosphere of the novel has been investigated. The results of the research show that the author has greatly benefited from the sound element to create the atmosphere of the novel, and considering his experience in performing arts such as theater and music, the sound element plays a central role in this novel and sometimes, the function of an ordinary voice in creating the atmosphere of the novel is equal to several sentences and even pages. In total, these sounds embody the harmony of an orchestra, which together induce the utmost fear and terror in the wooden building where the story takes place. Most of the sounds used in this novel are the sounds of human and animal characters, the sound of objects and the sound of musical instruments. In general, through these voices - which are often terrifying and mysterious - the author conveys issues such as identity crisis and immigration problems to the reader's mind in an artistic way and with maximum effect.

Gratitude for the blessings of God and avoiding ingratitude are important concepts in Islamic ethics that have diminished today with the prevalence of materialistic lifestyle among the people. According to the moral teachings of the Islamic way of life, gratitude for the blessings of God has a special effect on the spiritual growth and development of man, and in contrast, ingratitude is a disgusting characteristic that causes the fall and destruction of man. In the present study, which has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner, the concept of "thanksgiving" and in contrast "ingratitude" based on Quran, verses as the most important religious text of Muslims and Masnavi maanavi as one of the most important texts of mystical literature are studied to understand Deeper and more complete understanding of these two concepts from a moral perspective. In this regard, the results of the study show that from the perspective of the Qur'an and Masnavi, the most effective factors for gratitude are: constant reminder of God's blessings and enjoyment of God's success and the influential factors in the infidels of blessings: neglect of blessings, weakness of personality and independent view of causes. Also the most important achievements of gratitude are: increasing knowledge and closeness to God, increasing blessings, divine rewards, feeling of peace and growth of other moral virtues.

Human life, from the beginning to the end, includes various events that are usually divided into two pleasant and unpleasant groups. The question of what and why these events occur and how to evaluate they are good or bad, as well as the discussion of how humans deal with these events are among the old concerns addressed by each of the world's schools of thought. Meanwhile, Muslim mystics, such as Mulavī, have also discussed this in detail. In this descriptive-analytical study, the causes of pleasant and unpleasant life events, as well as the way people deal with these events are examined from the perspective of Masnavī Maʿnavī, as one of the most important texts of mystical literature. In this regard, the results show that according to Mulavī in Masnavī, although the source of all events in the universe is the will of God, according to the same divine will, the reason for the occurrence of various events in the life is the action of man himself or a test to measure and guide him towards perfection. According to Mulavī, the criterion for evaluating events is not their pleasant and unpleasant appearance, but how they affect human growth and perfection. Surrender, gratitude and patience are also Mulavīʼs advice to face various life events.

Poetry has beauties whose recognition of which deals with several topics. Discovering the outermost layer of poetry is related to the words of the couplet which is related to rhetoric science. After this layer is the expression science; but the hidden beauty that requires enough attention and concentration to find is the one related to rhetoric and knowledge of meanings and plays an effective role in the artistic creation and poetry beauty. One of the most important tasks of rhetoric, especially semantics, is to help human in the accurate transmission of his inner thoughts and feelings. Hafez is one of the powerful poets of the eighth century who has a powerful language and is influential and skilled in applying the techniques of the meanings of poetry. In this article the meanings of the palace in the Hafez Shirazi and Sanai Ghaznavi’s odes have been studied and the method is librarian. The results of the research show that Hafez’s art in applying such meanings penetrates the framework of sentences in a way that it cannot be easily obtained in the superstructure.

Child and adolescents' poetry is one of the conceptual poems that has various themes included in it for the education and awareness of the audience and depending on the comprehension power of each age group. one of these themes is national identity and its elements. This article tries to study and analyze the national identity and its elements in the poems of famous poets in the field of children and adolescent literature, Jafar Ebrahimi, Mostafa Rahmandoust, Assadollah Shabani and Nasser Keshavarz by descriptive-analytical method. The main question is what components of national identity did the mentioned poets include in their poems and what were their epistemological goals in presenting these components?
The research findings show that these poets by dealing with elements such as language, religion, land, culture and history, in different age categories and with various techniques and attitudes, While introducing national identity and reviving its foundations, they have also show Many national issues such as the importance of defending national identity, preserving national values, stimulating the spirit of oppression and revolution, the value of solidarity and unity, accountability, creating cultural ties between generations, promoting Iranian culture and art, the nation's love for the homeland and the effort to protect the country from enemy aggression.

Layered semiotics as a theoretical perspective that underlies a kind of applied semiotics, by relying on its theoretical foundations such as the study of syntagmatic relations, codes, and intertextuality, provides the basis for extensive analysis of texts such as the Qur’an that are within the context of interactive and multidimensional relationships between sign systems. Drawing on the science of layered semiotics, this descriptive-analytical research analyzed the codes of Surah Al-Masad in order to determine their implicit meanings and reveal the multiplicity of meanings of the semantic layers from their syntagmatic and intertextual relations with them. The research came to the following findings. The action codes show the actions of these characters, which has led to humiliation and fire. The actions are shaped by the only hermeneutic-enigmatic code of the surah that refers to Abū Lahab's wife. Other codes, such as cultural codes, indicate the historical document of this event, and semantic codes signify the attributes of hell-dwellers and their humiliation, while symbolic codes point to the role and interaction of marital relations that with their complementary and illuminating role emphasize not preferring the personal relationships to the rules, inefficiency and eternal losses of the fighters against the path of the truth and the uselessness of wealth and power against the wrath of God

Child and adolescent poetry is a conceptual poem that includes various themes for educating and informing the audience. One of these themse is the elements of folklore .In this article, an attempt is made to study And be explained the important elements of folklore in a descriptive-analytical manner which poets in the field of children and adolescents have used it as a tool for educational and moral purposes and enlightenment of individuals in society.For this purpose, the poems of the last three decades were studied and prominent cultural elements in these poems were extracted and the relevant goals were analyzed. Research data show that the poets of the field of children and adolescents by consciously applying the elements of folklore (material and immaterial) in addition to presenting a clear picture of the culture of their community and teaching cultural issues, protect of their own culture and national identity. They considered the role of both constituent elements of folklore in recognizing and continuing the culture of society necessary And with cultural components, many educational, moral, social, psychological, etc. principles have been mentioned. In fact, the use of cultural elements by the poets of this field has an epistemological and educational approach

The Holy Prophet (PBUH) of Islam says: “I have been raised to perfect the ethical virtues”. He also said that good demeanor is key to heaven: “One would not enter the heaven except possessing good ethical virtues.” Islam has always laid emphasis on good demeanor, tolerance and pacifism and prohibited ethical evils such as vengeance, animosity and adamancy. Muslim mystics, through a delicate and artistic approach to religion and ethical issues, have ornamented their texts with the gem of education. Islamic mystical teachings, particularly since seventh century, have entered people’s life and through a mystical and artistic approach invited people to ethical virtues such as brotherhood, benevolence, avoidance from animosity and vengeance, tolerance and patience to achieve peace, tranquility, unity and solidarity.The present paper is an attempt to study the wise and sagacious words of great poets of Persian literature such as Sa’di, Moulavi and Hafiz to impart their messages of peace, friendship and fraternity to the readers.

Eight years of Iraq Imposed war and the Scared Defense of the people had immense effect in various areas of art and literature, especially on the poetry of the Scared Defense. The poetry of the Scared Defense which contained themes of perseverance, to fight against enemy, to protect cultural and religious values as well as national beliefs, to preserve the country's freedom and independence reflects most of the events and realities of the war through its literary devices. Its study makes us familiar with significant parts of our contemporary history of the country. Parts of the sociological tendencies of this kind of literature are reflected in the ways the people of the country showed their patriotic behaviors, their defense of their Islamic system, their fight against internal and external enemies ofthe country and finally their sympathy with other oppressed nations.

The scientific nature of Literature as the intuitive embodiment and reflection of the human psych has not been thoroughly investigated sofar. And literary theorists have studied it from aesthetic Point of view. Therefore, have turned a blind eye to epistemological and thought provoking approaches to the study of literature. Sometimes they have also reduced its value to physical enjoyment. Someothers have Limited them selves by explanation of moral aspects of literature as a source of espistomological as well as historie knowledge and science. Because of apparent nature of the From of Literary works, the study of the other aspect has been ignored. However, there is a close relationship between instinctive workings of between human Feeling and thought and the world which is established through literary imagination. The rhetorics of literary works expressed through symbol, metaphor, anecdote, Falacy, tale, etc. Are all different Forms of Knowledge and thought in Literature. The present article is an attempt to study the views of the signification literary theorists of the world and identify the scientific and thought Provoking components and Features of literature.

On the basis of an intuitive knowledge, as well as by reference to Koran verses and his sacred knowledge, Mowlavi regards all particles of the universe as conscious, living, and dynamic, linked in an innately coordinated manner with the Conscious Totality governing all the being. Within this system, such a connection would be completed when the elements of existence, including human beings, detach themselves from their material aspects and promote their spiritual dimensions. This is what is called the law of entropy and negentropy in physics. Mowlavi's mystic unity of existence confirms this doctrine. He, like Einstein, believes in two kinds of lights, sense and regent; he considers the human death as a process of changing the light of sense into the regent light, and into eternity. All phenomena are moving toward the wisdom governing the existence in a predetermined total coordination with universe of existence. Human beings’ connection with the Totality governing the universe, and reaching eternal illumination is possible in the light of intuition attained through invocation, meditation and purification of the soul.

The scientific nature of literature as the intuitive embodiment and reflection of the human psyche has not been thoroughly investigated so far. Literary theorists have often studied it from aesthetic Point of view or moral aspects. They have reduced its value to physical joys at times. However, there is a close relationship between instinctive workings of human feeling and thought and the world which is established through literary imagination. The rhetoric of literary works expressed through symbol, metaphor, anecdote, fallacy, and tale are all different forms of knowledge and thought in literature. The present study is an attempt to examine the views of the well-known literary theorists of the world and to identify the scientific and thought-provoking components and features of literature.

The Persian parables and words of wisdom, which bear a collection of experiences, knowledge, and spiritual treasures, all count as our national treasuries and count as part of the historical and cultural prides of the Iranian nation. The study of such social-cultural emblems and signs through a “literary psychological” approach, makes us familiar with the variety of characteristic features and its related inherited characteristics, while it also introduces us to social maturity, judgment and the manners in which the past generations raised their children. In the field of learning, these proverbs and words of wisdom offer us valuable knowledge about individual characteristics, personal differences, motivation and passion, reactions and also the social behaviors as an individual faces external events and incidents. Most of these psychological manifestations can be studied and even compared with the modern scientific theories. The Persian proverbs and words of wisdom often reflect such psychological behaviors; action and social behaviors, potential of imitation, psychological conflicts and contrasts like frustration and failure, anxiety and defensive abilities such as reactions, suppression, identification, paranoid in both the inner and outer aspects, making excuses and causing passion and motivation. Also in the field of actions and social behaviors, being in the same line with others, group aggression, and imitating others are some of the psychological kingpins mentioned in the words of these proverbs; which are interestingly enough manifested and highlighted within the Persian proverbs and sayings.