hossein ramezani

The accumulation of heavy metals in crops irrigated with wastewater is a serious environmental problem. Wastewater irrigation is widespread, particularly for rice due to its high water demands. This can lead to heavy metal accumulation in rice and subsequent entry into the human body, posing detrimental health effects. This study investigated heavy metal accumulation in 12 rice brands (6 imported and 6 domestic) from the Bushehr city market in Iran. The mean values of lead, arsenic, and cadmium in domestic rice brands were 0.246±0.194, 0.074±0.025, and 0.150±0.124 mg kg-1 respectively, while in imported rice brands they were 0.086±0.031, 0.085±0.021, and 0.031±0.007 mg kg-1 respectively. The mean lead and cadmium levels in domestic rice brands slightly exceeded the FAO/WHO limit, while the mean arsenic concentration was below the limit. To protect human health and reduce food contamination with heavy metals, preventive measures such as regular monitoring of heavy metals in food must be taken.

The present age, which is called the "cybernetic age", has caused a large part of commercial, economic, social, political, etc. activities to move from the real space to this space, so that today We are witnessing a kind of virtualization of all different areas of life in the universe. On the other hand, the rapid acceleration of technological change in the global arena has made planetary relations, virtual reality and global surrealism the subject of international relations. Therefore, the study of theoretical perspectives on the cybernetic age and also the study of the impact of new communication technologies in the postmodern age on the main components of international relations and finally the need for international cooperation to combat modern cybercrime is one of the main objectives of this article. We will pay.

The present study was conducted by descriptive and analytical methods.

We can conclude that all processes, structures, services, actions and activities in various fields of political, social, economic, security, educational, etc., both domestically and internationally Influenced by new communication and information technologies (cyber) that this fact is happening virtually. The complex technologies of the modern age, which have permeated all areas of human life, have penetrated into the realm of relations between units of the international system, especially in the dimension of threats, wars and conflicts, and have influenced current dynamics within and between societies. . The emergence of cybercrime, especially in the international arena, has brought the new era of cybernetics, which, due to its complex nature and scope, requires the full cooperation of all agencies and organizations in the domestic and international arenas.

Identify the effects and challenges of corona in the field of marine insurance and the extent of claims coverage And as well as explaining workable strategies to help address these challenges And long-term preventive policies to overcome similar crises in the future possible.

This research is organized in a descriptive-analytical manner And the method of collecting materials has been compiled in the form of a library and by studying and searching in books and legal articles, laws and related internet sites. ‌

The maritime and shipping industry plays an important role in maritime transport; Because most transportation in the world is done by sea and by ship; But for a long time now, Sea voyages have always been associated with hazards that could cause damage to goods, ships or their occupants; Therefore, shipowners were always looking for suitable solutions to compensate for the damages, which in the end, concluding an insurance contract with marine insurers found the best solution and financial support and thus succeeded in insuring the ship, goods and third parties liability by Profit Insurances and Protection and Indemnity Clubs. In late 2019, an emerging phenomenon called the corona virus emerged, which spread rapidly around the world. Following the widespread outbreak of the coronavirus, governments sought to prevent the spread of the new virus by imposing restrictive regulations such as forced closures, quarantines, travel restrictions and border closures. Therefore, as a result of these restrictions, a wide range of commercial activities in the world decreased, and as a result, reduced transportation, especially in the maritime area, which ultimately caused a lot of damage to shipowners; This is because the restrictions imposed have led to a reduction in manpower, delays in loading, clearance and delivery of goods, damage to cargoes, especially perishable goods, delays in repair, service and inspection of ships, as well as loss of ship hire and the costs of quarantine, sickness or death of seafarers, return and replacement costs, passenger liability and diversion costs must be added that these cases will lead to insurance claims and create differences between underwriters and insurers.

Coronas affect marine insurance, and insurers and underwriters will face many challenges to cover or compensate. About cargo insurance, Restrictions on the corona outbreak led to the cancellation of many sales and transportation contracts that this led to delays in loading, clearance and delivery of goods, congestion of ports, saturation of warehouses and customs and as a result, it incurs additional costs and damages, especially perishable goods, or even theft or destruction of shipments. In addition, Ship quarantine and disinfection may also cause the goods to be destroyed, damaged or reduced that this can lead to insurance claims and disputes or requests for new coverage. On the other hand, insurers have prepared themselves for a possible onslaught of insurance claims by resorting to new exception conditions and based on the fact that many of these insurance policies contain universal exceptions or not set to provide coverage for Quid 19, They try to reduce the level of compensation as much as possible. In the case of ship insurance, Due to the prevalence of corona, the reduction in the use of some types of ships, such as container ships and cruise ships, has to some extent led to a reduction in insurance claims for damage to the hull and machinery of ships; But due to restrictions, There will be another dimension of insurance claims that result from disruptions and delays in the provision of spare parts, periodic repairs, and ship inspections. in addition to, Lack of manpower in ships and ports due to illness, bans or ship delays leads to sailors' fatigue and, of course, increases human error, which is one of the main causes of maritime accidents. The reduction in premiums is another effect of the Corona epidemic, which has resulted in a decline in turnover due to the global recession, and various types of marine insurance are likely to face payment problems due to a lack of liquidity; At the same time, we are expected to see an increase in fraud due to fraudulent damages and an increase in bankruptcy. Another consequence of Corona is the increase in claims related to the loss of ship hire. If due to corona delays, the duration of repair of damage to a ship in the repair shop is increased, claiming damages related to the loss of hire will lead to a dispute between underwriters and insurers. This is because if there are delays or delays in repairing the damage or damages covered by the ship's hull and machinery insurance, then the loss of hire will be covered by the insurance. otherwise, If repairs are delayed or delayed due to the corona, insurers will attribute the delay to an epidemic and try to reduce compensation. Expenses related to quarantine, sickness and death of seafarers, return expenses, passenger liability, diversion costs and fines are covered by Protection and Indemnity Clubs, and the corona epidemic will significantly increase claims in these cases. In addition to claims, investment market fluctuations affect the financial returns of these associations, and the decline in stock markets has greatly affected the income and capital of many of these Clubs; Therefore, investment and insurance losses lead to an increase in insurance rates when most accounts are renewed, which is another challenge for shipowners. To meet the challenges, insurers need to seek the necessary expertise and experience in the field of additional risk assessment; Reassure insurers by paying compensation on time and prepare for similar crises in the future by upgrading the risk-taking system and maintaining financial wealth and even create new covers. By using robotic technology, insurers can prevent delays and disruptions in periodic inspections and repairs of ships, and with the development of digitalization and automation, prevent physical contact with individuals and speed up insurance operations.

In process industries, some of the primary events may result in secondary events in an industrial unit called the domino effect. Since refinery storage tanks are always at risk of fire and explosion, quantitative risk assessment is important in determining the severity and outcome of an accident, taking into account the effects of dominoes on the main industry, neighbors, and society and can play an important role in risk management. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the risk of condensate storage tanks taking into account the domino effect.

The technique used in this study was Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA), the analysis of the consequences of which was performed using PHAST (7.22) after setting goals, studying the process, identifying hazards and scenarios. Then, to determine the extent of the domino effects of the escalation vectors were matched against the threshold, and after screening, the overall vulnerability of the repositories for mapping individual risk levels was calculated.

In the leakage scenario, after considering the domino effects, the risk contour 10-4 to about 250 meters and the risk contour 10-5 to about 400 meters increased. Also in the catastrophic rupture scenario, the radius of risk contour of the 10-5 increased to100 m after considering the domino effects up to around damage tank.

As can be deduced from the results, using this method can give a clear picture of the consequences of chain events and the probability of damage to nearby employees, equipment and neighbors, which is very important in risk, emergency and crisis management.

Development and progress in its concrete reality depends on the development of human’s viewpoint and practice. The development of human’s thought and practice arises on the basis of human’s powers, existential areas, movement, understanding and action. Thus, the process of existential and substantial movement in the individual and social domain is the constitutive to the development and progress of human society. From the point of view of the human- ontological foundations and approach of transcendental wisdom, man has existential level of rational, soul, and natural. In both the individual and social dimension of human life, these levels are constitutive to the existential development of human and community. In this paper, considering the levels of the human’s existential powers and how they extend to the individual and social dimensions, three longitudinal and sequential layers of rational and theoretical development, ethical and practical development, and civil and institutional development were identified. An important feature of this view compared to modern and contemporary approaches and views in the history of Western philosophy that can provide an united, comprehensive, process description, resulting from realistic, value, institutional, individual, and social stages of human life, so that do not be challenged in explaining the link between reality and value and the individual and society.

The present study investigated the effect of combined post-activation potentiation (PAP) and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) on maximal muscle activity in maximum voluntary isometric contraction test (MVIC) and integrated electromyography (IEMG) when knee extension was kept on the leg extension machine. 10 athlete students from wrestling, track and field and volleyball with mean age of 29/1 years performed one of four protocols that included usual warm-up plus sham tRNS (control group), usual warm-up plus tRNS, usual warm-up plus performing a set of right leg extension (80% of 1 repetition maximal) on the leg extension machine and usual warm-up plus tRNS plus a set of right leg extension in four separate sessions which occurred 24 hours after each other. The brain waves activity levels and electromyogram activity of vastus lateralis, rectus femoris and vastus medialis muscles were recorded simultaneously by using electroencephalography and electromyography respectively when the subjects performed were performing the test. The results showed a significant increase in the absolute power of all three brain waves in the Cz channel for every three conditions of the post-test compared to the pre-test during both MVIC (P=0.001) and keeping leg extension tests on leg extension machine(P=0.001). The amounts of maximum muscle activity for MVIC test and muscle IEMG values during keeping leg extension on the leg extension machine showed a significant increase in every three post-test conditions compared to the pre-test for all muscles (P=0.001). The duration of keeping leg extension on the leg extension machine was significantly increased for every three post-test conditions compared to the pre-test (P=0.001). It seems applying of tRNS and PAP, and also combined use of them after warm up can increase brain activity, maximum muscle activity, integrated electromyography and the duration of keeping leg extension in both tests compering to just warm up. Ultimatly, combined use of tRNS and PAP has an impressive effect compared to applying them separately.

The aim of this study was to examine the temporary effect of type and intensity of dynamic contractions on some electromyography and performance variables in professional track and field athletes. 9 subjects randomly performed one of the four protocols in 4 different days: usual warm-up (control group), warm-up and a set of four repetitions of negative half squatting (120% of 1RM), warm-up and a set of six repetitions of power-strength half squatting (80% of 1RM) and warm-up and a set of twelve repetitions of power-velocity half squatting (40% of 1RM). 7 minutes after each protocol, the subjects performed the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and vertical jump test. Simultaneously, EMG activity of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and biceps femoris muscles was registered in MVIC test and concentric phase of vertical jump. Then, maximum muscle activity and RMS/MVC ratio index was derived from EMG data. The results showed that vertical jump, the maximum muscle activity and RMS/MVC ratio significantly increased after negative and power-strength half squatting protocols compared with the control group (P≤0.05). Furthermore, negative half squatting protocol had more increase than power-strength half squatting (P≤0.05). So the special warm-up including half squatting with supra-maximal and close to the maximum intensities can improve vertical jump performance compared with the usual warm-up.

Reports concerning the association of physical activity with markers of inflammation, coagulation, and fibrinolysis are ambiguous. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of 4 weeks of combined decomposedsit-up and walking training with two different volumes onfibrinogen, plasma viscosity and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in college, young men.
In this semi-experimental study, 18 subjects with age range 19 to 25 years selected as research subjects and were randomly divided into two groups including; group 1 (15 min sit-up -30 min run) and group 2 (30 min sit-up -15 min run). The study sit-up training included 25 types of training for abdominal muscles and the walking intensity was 130-140 steps per minute. Blood samples were collected before and after 4 weeks (16 sessions) and the levels of fibrinogen, plasma viscosity and HOMA-IR were measured. Data analyzed by two ways ANOVA (Between-group changes) and paired T-test.
Compared with the pre-test, both groups demonstrated a significant reduction in body weight over the course of the study (P The current research findings indicate that fibrinogen and plasma viscosity levels in group 2 (30 minute sit-up minute walking) decreased compared with the pre-test after 4 week of training; but fibrinogen and plasma viscosity levels in the group 1 (15 minute sit-up minute walking) did not change significant

The present study seeks to investigate the issue of the relationship of Will and Devine Action according to the views of Islamic philosophers. Hence, it first explains the two terms Will and Devine Action lexically and conceptually; then, it deals with Devine Action through the eyes of Abu Nasr Farabi and Avicenna, presenting their arguments for the originality of Divine Action. Afterwards, Sheikhe Ishraq’s views, along with his notion of Ishraqi (illuminatory) Action, are dealt with. Then, we proceed to examine Sadr al Motaallehin’s viewpoints, detailing various aspects of Existential Action. Finally, we inspect Sadr al Motaallehin’s views in the eyes of recent Motealleh philosophers (theosophers) extended to the present age; investigate the late Allameh Tabatabaee’s standpoints on Divine Will; and explicate the theological views of Imamiyyah on Devine Will and Action. In conclusion, summing up all aforementioned views, we have investigated the genealogy and etiology of the differences of opinions.