فهرست مطالب hossein torkashvand

Parasitic infections are most prevalent in developing nations and among individuals with weakened immune systems or immunocompromised. Due to the lack of epidemiologic information on such infections, the prevalence of enteric, respiratory, and urogenital parasites was investigated among patients in teaching hospitals in Alborz province, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 1248 samples were collected from January to July 2023. Microscopic examination was performed using direct wet mount, formalin-ether concentration techniques, and trichrome staining. To detect Enterobius vermicularis parasite, we have used the Scotch test method. The prevalence of parasitic infections was 7.1%. The most commonly identified parasitic infections in the study were Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (29 cases, 2.3%), and Blastocystis sp. (26 cases, 2.1%). 40.2% of our studied cases showed gastrointestinal symptoms and the majority of symptoms were relating to anorexia and abdominal pain. Given the significant global prevalence of parasitic infections, it is crucial to identify and treat infected individuals, implement urban water improvement programs, avoid the use of human feces as fertilizer in agriculture, and maintain public, and personal hygiene.

Severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT), characterized by a reduced sperm count, motility, andaltered morphology, presents a significant challenge in the field of male infertility. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), renownedfor its regenerative capabilities, emerges as a potential intervention for this condition. This study aims toexplore the impact of PRP on male infertility, focusing specifically on individuals with severe OAT. The clinical trial study involved 88 infertile men diagnosed with OAT and devoid of underlyingdiseases. These participants were referred to the infertility center and subsequently divided into two cohorts: acontrol (44 individuals) and an intervention group (44 individuals). Patients in the intervention group received 2 ccof PRP in each testicle, prepared by centrifuging the patients autologous blood samples. Sperm parameters and DNAfragmentation index (DFI) of the patients were measured before and after the procedure. Statistical analysis usedSPSS version 16 software, with a significance level set at less than 5%. The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in concentration (11.32 ± 8.44 vs. 16.06 ± 15.16,P=0.030), progressive motility (8.86 ± 7.79 vs. 11.97 ± 11.82%, P=0.014) and DNA fragmentation (25.62 ± 12.84 vs.17.23 ± 9.15%, P<0.001) between the control and intervention groups after PRP injection. However, no significantdifference was found in normal morphology (1.63 ± 1.44 vs. 1.81 ± 3.68%, P=0.628) and volume (2.13 ± 0.82 vs.2.24 ± 1.43, P=0.663) between the control and intervention groups after PRP injection. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of PRP treatment in increasing sperm concentration and motility,while also reducing sperm DNA fragmentation. However, further studies are needed to validate these findings(registration number: IRCT20220317054318N2).

In line with the increasing developments in the field of media and especially with the dominance of social networks, attitudes and social life have also changed. The collection of these developments has challenged traditional tools and media and highlighted the need to adopt transformational approaches and approaches appropriate to the current social situation. For example, the pulpit, as a traditional media network that has social, cultural and especially political functions, faces challenges with the epidemic of virtual networks and structural and behavioral changes in Iranian society. Is. Considering the institutional and functional importance of the pulpit in the political and social field of Iran today, the present study has explained and approached the pulpit media approach in contemporary times. For this purpose, using the research process method, to analyze the discourses produced by two contemporary pulpits, including Mohsen Gharaati and Naser Rafiei, and to examine the approach of persuasion applications, methods of generating motivation and their audience has done. The results showed that political discourses, social ethics as well as narrative applications are the most important persuasive and motivational applications and the youth spectrum considered as the most prominent examples of rhetoric. From an epistemological point of view, given the generational changes in the youth spectrum and the dominance of social networks, it seems that the persuasive and motivational uses of the pulpits need serious consideration.

Malaria is a protozoan disease that is caused by different types of Plasmodium in humans and animals. Resistance to the main drugs in the treatment of malaria infections has led to studying alternative drugs. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of wild garlic was studied on Plasmodium berghei malaria-infected mice. This experimental study was conducted on 45 male mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. The treatment with hydroalcoholic extract of wild garlic was performed using Peter’s proposed method. Statistical analysis of data was conducted using SPSS v.18 software. Findings showed that the wild garlic hydroalcoholic extract had the highest effect at the treatment dose of 800 mg/kg with 92.4% prevention of parasite growth compared to the control group (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the mean weight of the mice or the morphology of the liver and kidney in the group receiving wild garlic extract compared to the negative control group. The anti-malarial effects of the wild garlic plant observed in the present study, elicit the necessity for further research, evaluation, and comparison of different extraction methods such as aqueous and chloroform as well as higher therapeutic dosages.

 Today, most patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis are treated with drugs such as glucantime; however, severe drug resistance to these drugs is found, in addition to recurrence, extensive drug complications, and secondary infections in many patients.

 Therefore, due to the lack of sufficient information on this subject, this study was undertaken for the first time to investigate the antimicrobial activity of multifunctional lactoferrin as one of the most important bioactive compounds on amastigotes and promastigotes forms of Leishmania major in vitro.

 In this study, six concentrations of lactoferrin (2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 µg/mL) were added to parasite cultures at specified times. The MTT was done. Leishmania major promastigotes were incorporated to J774 cells and then incubated for 72 hours. The results were compared with the results of glucantime, as a standard. In the end, flow cytometry was performed to investigate apoptosis.

 After 24, 48, and 72 hours of incubation in the presence of various concentrations of lactoferrin, the number of amastigotes and promastigote parasites increased over time without any significant difference compared to the control group (P > 0.05), but it was significant compared to glucantime at the 80 µg/mL concentration (P < 0.05). Besides, lactoferrin showed very low toxicity effects on macrophages and stimulated the growth of both forms of L. major parasite.

 Our findings indicated that lactoferrin could not induce early and late apoptosis in both forms of L. major.

Chick embryo extract (CEE) contains a variety of growth factors which may improve in vitro follicle growth. Therefore, the effect of CEE on mouse pre-antral follicle culture was evaluated. Different percentages of CEE (0, 0.50%, 1.00%, 5.00% and 10.00%) were added to culture medium. Hence, the osmolarity of media was measured. Pre-antral follicles with diameter of 120-150 μm were isolated from 12-14 days old mouse ovary and cultured for 12 days. After culture, the maturation rate was assessed. Granulosa cells viability was evaluated using MTT test and estradiol levels were evaluated using related radio-immunoassay (RIA). Genes expression (BMP15 and ALK6) was also evaluated. The osmolarity of media and granulosa cells viability were the same in all groups. Estradiol level in group with 10.00% CEE was significantly decreased compared to the control group. After 12 days culture, the percentage of antral follicles development was significantly higher in the group with 5.00% CEE compared to control group. The percentage of metaphase II and germinal vesicle breakdown oocytes was significantly higher in group 5.00% CEE compared to control group. The expression of BMP15 gene in antral follicles in 5.00% CEE and control groups was significantly lower compared to pre-antral follicles. However, the expression of ALK6 gene in antral follicles in 5.00% CEE and control groups was not significantly different compared to pre-antral follicles. The increasing effect of CEE on follicle viability with keeping normal gene expression indicates that addition of proper percentage of CEE to culture media improves culture conditions, making it a possible choice to be used as a follicular growth enhancer in infertility clinics.