ibrahim ghorbani

Drug-related offenses are among the most rapidly evolving offenses and have become one of the most complex problems of human societies. Urmia city is one of the border towns of the country that has been exposed to many threats from drug crimes in neighboring countries with Iraq and Turkey. In the meantime, many social, political, economic, and cultural reasons have led to an increase in the population of addicts and, consequently, an increase in the demand for drugs and substances that cause families disintegration, expanding prostitution, and robberies and crimes related to narcotics. The purpose of the present study was to identify and analyze the spatial aspects of crime-related hotspots in the border town of Urmia. Using the capabilities of the GIS system, the spatial patterns of the formation of crime hotspots in the Urmia border region have been identified and analyzed. The research method is analytical-comparative. To determine the spatial distribution patterns of crimes, the average center test, standard deviation oval, clustering test, nearest neighbor indices, kernel density estimation and network analysis have been used. Pearson correlation test was used to study the relationship between population density and drug offenses. The findings show that spatial distribution of crimes committed in the Urmia border region follows a cluster and central pattern and is mainly in the districts 2 and 4 of Urmia. The results indicate that one of the most important of drug crime hotspots in the Urmia border town in district 4 and along the Khatam-el-Anbia, Eslamabad neighborhood 1, Reyhanabad, Vakilabad and Haji Pirlo roads and the second one identified by this method in Urmia district 2 is the area between the Badaki and Koshtargah neighborhoods, Baghe Rezvan and Islamabad 2. The final results showed that there is a direct relationship between population density in these areas and the rate of crime occurrence.

Leadership is the most significant and the most valued factor which has played paramount role in improvement of organization and personnel performance because the successful implementation of any plan has necessitated the existence of efficient and capable managers. If managers have defulted and have not attained the expected targets, the harmful results will directly incur on group and organizations that have been involved. The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between fiddler leadership style with two dimensions of relational leadership and functional leadership and personnel performance of western Azerbaijan province police forces. This is an analytic-descriptive and applicatory research. Statistics population of this research consisted of western Azerbaijan province police forces among whom 138 persons by simple random sampling were selected and standard questionnaires of fiddler leadership style by the reliability coefficient of .71 and standard questionnaire of performance by reliability coefficient of .88 were completed. For analysis of the questionnaire data the software of SPSS version 20 and correlation test were used. The results indicated that there is relationship between relational leadership style and personnel performance in western Azerbaijan province police forces. But there is no relationship between functional leadership and personnel performance in western Azerbaijan province police forces. The results have showed that the more the western Azerbaijan province police forces are relational in personnel performance the more they will improve and develop. The relational leadership can improve performance and also increase job satisfaction, efficacy and organization efficiency. Regarding productivity and effectiveness of relational leadership it is suggested that managers by implementing this method will be pioneer and beginner of promotion and distribution of human relationship in Iran police organization.