فهرست مطالب iman mohammadi

Trigeminal neuralgia is the most common brain neuralgia. It occurs in the form of shock-like pain. The chance of contracting the mandibular branch is higher. Acupuncture relieves pain by inserting thin, disposable sterile needles into specific areas of the body. Most methods are effective in the short term. This study aimed to determine the therapeutic effect of acupuncture in patients with trigeminal neuralgia undergoing drug treatment.

The study was an interventional study conducted on patients referred to Azhara Hospital in Isfahan. The sample size is 16 people who are divided into two groups of 8 people. The patients in the study were treated with carbamazepine. At the end of this period, patients' pain was taken and compared. In the control group, drug therapy continued, while in the intervention group, in addition to drug therapy, they received acupuncture. Finally, the data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Paired t-test with a significance level of 0.05.

There was a significant difference in pain index between the intervention and control groups at different times. The independent t-test revealed that there was no significant difference between the two groups during the first and second weeks. However, there was a significant difference between the two groups during the other weeks.

Acupuncture is often used in conjunction with medication to effectively reduce the severity and duration of pain in patients with trigeminal neuralgia.

The existence of bubbles in the market, especially the capital market, can be a factor in preventing the participation of investors in the capital market process and the correct allocation of financial resources for the economic development of the country. On the other hand, due to the goal of investors in achieving a portfolio of high returns with the least amount of risk, the need to pay attention to these markets increases. In this research, with the aim of maximizing return and minimizing investment risk, an attempt has been made to form an optimal portfolio in conditions where the capital market has a price bubble. According to the purpose, the research is of applied type, and in terms of data, quantitative and post-event, and in terms of type of analysis, it is of descriptive-correlation type. In order to identify the months with bubbles in the period from 2015 to 2021 in the Tehran Stock Exchange market, sequence tests and skewness and kurtosis tests were used. After identifying periods with bubbles, the meta-heuristic algorithms were used to optimize the portfolio. The results indicate the identification of 14 periods with price bubbles in the period under study. Also, in portfolio optimization, selected stock portfolios with maximum returns and minimum risk are formed. This research will be a guide for investors in identifying bubble courses and how to form an optimal portfolio in these conditions.

The existence of bubbles in the market,especially the capital market,can be a factor in preventing the participation of investors in the capital market process and the correct allocation of financial resources for the economic development of the country.On the other hand,due to the goal of investors in achieving a high return portfolio with the least amount of risk,it is necessary to pay more attention to these markets In this study,in order to maximize returns and minimize investment risk,an attempt was made to create an optimal portfolio in conditions where the capital market has a price bubble.According to the purpose,the research is of applied type,and in terms of data,quantitative and post-event,and in terms of analysis,is descriptive-correlation.In order to identify bubble months in the period from2015to2019in Tehran Stock Exchange,sequence tests and skewness and kurtosis tests were used and after identifying bubble periods,artificial bee colony algorithm was used to optimize the portfolio.The results indicate the identification of 10 periods with a price bubble in the study period.Also,in portfolio optimization, selected stock portfolios are formed with maximum returns and minimum risk.This research will be a guide for investors in identifying bubble courses and how to form an optimal portfolio in these conditions.

 
As the population ages, the impact of age-related diseases on health is becoming more apparent. Frailty is one of the most important issues faced by older adults.
 
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of frailty and the factors affecting it among older adults admitted to teaching hospitals in Ilam in 2020.
 
This cross-sectional study was performed on 270 older adults admitted to teaching hospitals in Ilam. Participants were selected through consecutive sampling. Data were collected using the Tilburg Frailty Indicator and analyzed by the Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis.
 
The mean age of the older adults participating in the study was 71.97 ± 8.42 years. Overall, 18.1% of older adults were frail, and frailty was significantly associated with having a chronic disease, being accompanied by a close relative, hospitalization, age, sex, marital status, and education level (P < 0.05). The most important predictors of frailty in older adults were age, sex, history of stroke, and being accompanied by a close relative (P < 0.05).
 
About one-fifth of the older adults participating in this study were frail. The prevalence of frailty was higher among women, those with chronic diseases or a history of stroke, single people, and those with low education levels. Therefore, these people need special attention.

The purpose of this study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses about oral and dental care in hospitalized patients.

In this descriptive‑analytic study, the statistical population included 214 nurses working in the ICU of the affiliated hospitals of Isfahan University in 1394. The level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of ICU nurses was assessed using questionnaires whose justifiability and stability were verified at the beginning of the study with a pilot study. Data were entered into SPSS software and tested by t‑test, Spearman, one‑way variance, and least significant difference test. The significance level was < 0.05.

The data of this study showed that the score of knowledge and performance in male nurses was significantly different from female nurses. There was a significant relationship between nurse’s education and their knowledge score (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the performance score of nurses working in different parts was different too (P < 0.001).

The findings showed that the knowledge and performance of female nurses about oral care were higher than men, but the attitude of the two sexes is almost the same. Nurses with lower educational degree had less knowledge, but their attitude and performance did not differ. The performance score of nurses working in ICU was different, but they had similar knowledge and attitudes.

In this paper, the simultaneous study of the effects of the excess air ratio and the combustion mechanisms on the temperature and distribution of species in the porous medium burners with continuous porosity variation has been investigated. For this purpose, multi-step chemical kinetics have been used and their effects on the temperature profile, mass fraction of the main species and emission of pollutants for different values of the excess air ratio have been investigated. Problem-solving equations include continuity equation, momentum equations, gas, and solid phase energy equations, and chemical equilibrium equation are solved using the finite volume method and SIMPLE algorithm is used for the relationship between velocity and pressure. The results showed that for excess air ratio of 1.5, the results of combustion mechanisms have the same accuracy in predicting the temperature profile and mass fraction of the main species, and then, for additional values of the excess air ratio, the results of the combustion mechanisms Show a slight difference. This is while the greatest difference in the results is observed for the stoichiometric condition. Also in stoichiometric conditions, the NO emission rate using the GRI-3.0 combustion mechanism is predicted to be zero, and for the rest of the coefficients of the excess air ratio, its value will be of the order of magnitude 10-6.

 Methadone maintenance and opium tincture treatments has been recommended as harm reduction strategies for opioid-dependent patients in Iran. However, the effects of long-term administration of methadone and opium tincture on the brain are not fully understood. In this study we investigated the effects of methadone and opium tincture maintenance treatments on the brain volumes of former opium addicts by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetry of brain compared to healthy participants. 

The present case-control study was performed in Mashhad, Iran in 2015-2017. Via convenient sampling method, 36 participants were selected and allocated in 3 equal groups (methadone maintenance treatment, opium tincture treatment, and normal control). The volumes of gray matter, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, cingulate gyrus, limbic system, amygdala, and hippocampus of all participants were assessed using MRI volumetry. Data analyzed by ANOVA, using SPSS software (ver. 16). 

There were no significant statistical differences between mean volumes of any assessed region of the brain among three groups (P>0.05). 

Methadone maintenance treatment and opium tincture treatment have no hazardous effects on the volumes of gray matter, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, cingulate gyrus, limbic system, amygdala, and hippocampus of former opium addicts.

The dramatic increase in the world population of the elderly is a phenomenon that has been going on since the 20th century, and it is necessary to improve their mental and physical condition. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of resiliency training on social adjustment and life purposefulness among male elderly living in nursing homes in Isfahan. It was a quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest design and control group. Participants included 30 elderly men aging between 65 and 96 who were selected by convenience sampling method according to inclusion criteria. Then, they were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (n=15). The experimental group received resiliency training for 8 sessions of 90 minutes. The control group received no intervention. Participants responded to Bell's social adjustment questionnaire and Crumbaugh and Maholick purposefulness questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23. The results showed that group resiliency training significantly increased social adjustment and purposefulness in the experimental group (P<0.001). Therefore, it is suggested to use resiliency training to increase the level of social adjustment and purposefulness in the elderly living in nursing homes.

Considering the ever-increasing growth of smoking and its various complications, including dental and osseous problems, and considering the importance of bone in the dental implant, it seems research is needed to determine the rate and magnitude of the effects of cigarette smoking on dental implants. Given various reports from various works, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on the resorption of the crest of the alveolar bone around implants. In this retrospective cohort study, the patient's data were recorded in two groups, who were cigarette smoker and non-smokers. Twenty-five patients were randomly selected from each group. The subjects underwent panoramic radiographic examinations and the amount of bone loss was determined using the initial panoramic radiograph. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistical methods such as percentages and t-test using SPSS 22 (α = 0.05). TThe majority of the subjects were 40-45 years of age. Data showed no significant difference in the means of changes in the alveolar crest between the two groups (p value = 0.443). In addition, the results showed no significant difference between the mean values of alveolar crest changes between males and females (p value = 0.891). The present study showed that the rate of the alveolar bone crest height in smokers was greater than that in non-smokers; however, the difference was not statistically significant.

In this paper, the results of the two-dimensional and axisymmetric modeling of the methane-air pre-mixed combustion with multi-step kinetics in a porous medium with continuous porosity change have been presented. In order to determine the thermophysical and thermochemical properties of species, the CHEMKIN II program and Basic information used. Continuity equations, Navier Stokes, gas and solid phase heat transfer equations, and chemical species governing equations are solved by using of finite volume method. The SIMPLE algorithm has been used for the relationship between speed and pressure. The burner under the studied includes two preheated and combustible areas. In this paper, we study the effects of divergence angle changes and length of burner preheating area on temperature profiles andemission of pollutants. The results showed that by increasing the divergence angle, the amount of NO contamination in the burner output increases dramatically, while by increasing the length of the preheating region, the amount of emission of this pollutant in the output decreases.

Drying reduces microbial activity, increases storage time, and facilitates packaging, transportation and storage of crops by reducing weight and volume of materials. Quality indices and thermodynamic parameters are as important cases in drying food and agricultural crops. The aim of this research is investigating the effects of air recycling and heat pump on quality indices (color changes, water rehydration and pH) and thermodynamic parameters (thermal efficiency, temperature, specific power consumption, drying coefficient and convection efficiency) of kiwifruit drying. In this research, three levels of recycling (0, 50% and 100%), three drying temperatures (45, 55 and 65ºC) and two levels with and without using a heat pump were used. Results showed that by increasing recycling from 0 to 50% color changes and pH increased and from 50% to 100% both them reduced. The maximum rehydration was related to 100% recycling with heat pump. The highest temperature and specific power consumption were 73.37 and 83.57 Mj.kg-1, respectively at 45 ºC, 0% recycling and heat pump off. The lowest rate of these two parameters were 14.15 and 27.01 Mj.kg-1at 65 ºC, recycling 100% and heat pump on. Also, results showed that drying coefficient, heat efficiency and convective had an increasing trend by using heat pump and increasing air temperature and recycling.

Abstract The aim of this work is to optimize the hardness of anodizing aluminum coating by design of experimental method. Various parameters affect the hardness of these coatings among which time, temperature and pulse current parameters (current density limit, frequency and duty cycle) were considered. According to this, mentioned parameters in different levels were considered as input variables. Also, the effect of parameters on the hardness of anodizing aluminum coating was obtained as a mathematical model. The final model was achieved by Analysis of variance which was used for attaining the best method to predict the maximum hardness of these coatings. The most effective variables and optimized hardness of anodizing aluminum coating were obtained by using the mathematical model. Experimental results showed that temperature and quadratic behavior of duty cycle were the most important terms on the hardness of these coatings. Furthermore, the maximum hardness of this coating was 491Hv, which was attained at the maximum and minimum current densities of 4.09, 1.23 A/dm2, frequency of 146.94 Hz, time of 29.50 min, duty cycle of 65.16% and the bath temperature of 3.13oC.

One of the most important problems in student's education is academic failure. Identifying factors that affecting academic achievement and pay attention to these factors is a stride toward success. Students' academic achievement and related factors have priority in education research. This study aimed to determine the relationship between learning study strategies and academic achievement of nursing students in 2013.

This descriptive- analytic study was performed among 85 nursing students of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. By using the learning and study strategies inventory (LASSI), the main three components of study and learning strategies, including items of skill, will and self-regulation were examined. The Pearson correlation was used to measure students' academic achievement correlation with the mentioned above components.

The sample consisted of 50.6% female and 49.4% male. The mean grade of nursing students was scored 15.60. Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the three main components of learning strategies and study skills component, respectively skill (P=0.001, r=0.349), self-regulation (P=0.009, r=0.280) and the component of will (P=0.045, r=0.218) with student achievement (mean grade of last term) had a positive and significant relationship.

Considering positive and significant correlation between learning and study strategies with academic achievement in nursing students, so, we suggest that students and teachers use these strategies to improve academic achievement and reduce the academic loss of students.

Humans health has various dimensions and spiritual health is placed at the top of these dimensions. When an individual has a higher spiritual health, he will get closer to God. The purpose of this study was to evaluate validation of spiritual health questionnaire from Islamic view using explanatory factor analysis (EFA).
In this descriptive- analytical study, one hundred nurse students at Ilam University of Medical Sciences were selected using stratified sampling. Spiritual health questionnaire based on Islam’s perspective was used in this study which consisted of 20 questions. Cronbach's alpha coefficients and explanatory factor analysis were used to assess the validity and internal consistency of the questionnaire.
Explanatory factor analysis showed that the spiritual health questionnaire is composed of six independent factors which had the following variance percentage: first, contemplation in spiritual health (variance of 14.2%); second, responsibility causing a purposeful life (variance of 12.4%); third, the role of having relationship with God in spiritual health (variance of 10.4%); fourth, the believe that man is the most noble creature (variance of 10.4%); fifth, God has created the world (variance of 9.9%); and sixth, God does care about human problems (variance:8.4).
According to the results of explanatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha, the spiritual health questionnaire from Islamic view can be a useful tool for assessing spiritual health in Islam.

There is a strong relationship between spiritual development of nursing students and their ability to provide patients with spiritual care. Therefore, present research aims to explore spiritual health in nursing students of theIlam University of Medical Sciences, in Iran for both boys and girls. Spiritual health of students is determined using the Palutzian andElisonquestionnaire which consisted of three parts. 10 questions were related to demographic date of students and 20 questions were examined religious health and existential health of students. Eventually, spiritual health of nursing students is classified into four groups and first group who received the grade of 20-40 has poor state of spiritual health. The groups that obtained total grades of 41-70, 71-99 and 100-120 are assigned as low-moderate, high-moderate and high status of spiritual health, respectively. Data analysis is conducted using ANOVA, Two-way analysis, and Factor analysis. The sample included 39% girls and 61% boys. Poor status of spiritual health between participants was not observed and correlation coefficient between scales of spiritual health is found to be 84.3% which represents as the score of religious health increases existential health score enhances. In order to promote spiritual health of nursing students, it is recommended that the course of spiritual health shouldbe added as a part of the curriculum for medical students due to this fact that capability of student nurses for providing spiritual care is related to their spirituality and their education in spiritual care.

Effective communication between the nurse and the patient is one of the important factors in providing high quality nursing cares. Therefore, identifying barriers to effective communication is necessary. The aim of this study was to determine the Barriers to effective nurse- patient communication from perspective of nurses employed in educational hospitals of Ilam. This Descriptive and analytical study was conducted during the summer of 2012 in Ilam city. 80 nurses in three educational hospitals affiliated with the Ilam Medical University were selected by random sampling method. Data were collected using a 30-item questionnaire. Reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha (r=0 93). In order to analyze the data, SPSS statistical software version 16, T-test and ANOVA were used. The results of this study showed that in this study %43.8 of the participants were female. Regarding individual and social factors, job specifications, clinical situation of patients, and environmental factors; irritability of nurses, nurse's physical and mental fatigue, and presence of a family care provider and lack of in-service training in communication skills were important barriers to the communication respectively. Effective communication is an important factor in obtaining positive results from treatment, reducing stress and increasing patient's satisfaction of medical care. Since the communication is an inevitable aspect of nursing cares, to enhance the nurse-patient communication it is necessary to obstacles mentioned above be resolved by managers.

Epilepsy is one of the most common diseases in Iran contributing to an array of health problems. In light of this, the aim of the present study is to examine the prevalence of epilepsy in Iran through a systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic search of several databases including PubMed, scientific information databases, Google, Google scholar, Elsevier and Scopus was conducted in June 2013. Observational studies were considered for inclusion if they were published in Iranian and examined epilepsy prevalence and/or related risk factors. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random effect model with the DerSimonian/Laird method. Heterogeneity was examined using the Breslow- Day test and inconsistency using the I2 statistic. A total of 45 studies were identified from the search strategy. Of these, nine published manuscripts with a total of 7,723 participants were included within the review. The pooled prevalence of epilepsy in Iran was estimated to be around 5% 95% confident interval (CI) 2 to 8). For each region the prevalence of epilepsy in central, northern and eastern Iran were 5% (95%CI 2 to 8), 1% (95%CI -1 to 3) and 4% (95 CI 3 to 11) respectively. The most common risk factors in order of prevalence were somatic diseases 39% (95%CI 15 to 62), convulsion 38% (95%CI 11 to 65), mental diseases 36% (95%CI 15 to 95) and hereditary development 26% (95%CI 9 to 42). A meta-regression model identified a declining trend in the prevalence of epilepsy within Iran for the last decade. Pooled analyses from the nine included publications in this review estimate the prevalence of epilepsy in Iran to be around 5%. Although this result is much higher than rates in other countries, a declining trend in prevalence over the past decade was also identified.

The efficacy of masticatory system depends on maximum produced by elevating muscles between the mandible and maxilla. The purpose of this study was to determine mean maximum bite force in complete denture and mandibular distal extension partial denture wearers by considering the face and ridge form. Sixty-four patients، including 32 complete denture and 32 partial denture patients aged 40‒65 years were selected by simple sampling technique for this interventional/analytical study. The patients were divided into 4 groups based on face form (square، square-tapering، tapering and oval) and into 3 groups based on ridge form (square، tapering and oval). Three measurements were made on each side in the first molar region with a digital measuring tool for maximum bite force and mean of these values was used for statistical analysis. Data were analyzed with ANOVA، Spearman’s correlation coefficient، independent t-test and chi-squared test (α = 0. 05). Mean maximum bite force in partial denture wearers was 18. 4 ± 5. 18 kg (20. 7 ± 4. 63 in men and 16 ± 4. 7 in women) (p value < 0. 001). Mean maximum bite force in complete denture wearers was 8. 5 ± 3. 21 kg (9. 9 ± 0. 53 in men and 7. 1 ± 2. 17 in women) (p value < 0. 001). In different face forms، square face form had maximum bite force compared to others (p value < 0. 001). In different ridge forms، square ridge had maximum bite force compared to others (p value < 0. 001). Maximum bite force in partial denture patients was significantly greater than that in complete denture patients. In addition، maximum bite forces in square face form، square ridge form and men were higher than others.

learning style of students is one of the most important factors which influences on student learning. Some negative effects on nursing student learning can be observed as a result of imbalance between it and teaching methods. Using appropriate methods of teaching and determination of student learning styles can facilitate their leaning. Hence, this study aims to identify the most common learning styles of nursing students in Iran.

The Iranian databanks including Magiran, SID, Medlib and Iran Medex are searched for relevant published articles from March 21, 1991 till July 2012. For searching international databases, English transcriptions of Iran were used. The Persian search terms that were equivalent from their English words included Learning styles, nursing students and the Kolb learning style. It is noted that this review research only includes studies that are based on the Kolb's theory and researches that discuss other learning styles are excluded from the review process.

Research articles that were based on the Kolb's theory of learning styles in entire of Iran has been collected and investigated. In all studies, learning styles of nursing students in several cities were searched for determining four styles of the Kolb's theory (Accommodating, Absorbent, Divergent and Convergent). The Convergent and Absorbing styles were dominant ones in the nursing students. These styles were ranged from 28.9% to 54.2% and 29.9% to 53.8%, respectively.

In order to enhance students learning more attention are required to different learning styles. It is recommended the teachers shall attract more attentions in students' learning style and use appropriate teaching methods.

Learning can be improved by identifying students’ most common learning styles and employing appropriate teaching methods. The aim of this study is to determine students'' learning styles and their most preferred styles based on Kolb''s theory via a systematic review and meta-analysis study. In this systematic review، the key words of learning styles، nursing students، Kolb theory، and their possible combinations were searched in databases (PubMed، Google Scholar، SID، Medlib، IranMedex، and Magiran). Out of 67 articles retrieved، 10 were finally entered into meta-analysis process. The heterogeneity index among studies was estimated and it was I2=96 percent. Regarding the statistically significant index of heterogeneity of the studies (P=0. 0001)، in order to investigate 4 learning styles، random effects model was employed to integrate the results of studies. After collecting and analyzing articles، data of 1334 nursing students was scrutinized. The results of integration indicated that students’ rate of employing each learning styles was as follows: converger style 25% (Confidence Interval (CI): 95%، 23%- 27،)، diverger style 14% (CI: 95%، 13%-16)، assimilator style 17% (CI: 95%، 15%-18)، and accommodator style 12 % (CI: 95%، 10%-13). The foremost learning styles of nursing students respectively are converger، assimilator، diverger and accommodator. It is suggested that teachers pay more attention to these learning styles in their teaching and employ teaching methods appropriate with them.

In this paper, a two-dimensional axisymmetric model for premixed methane/air combustion in porous media has been developed. For this aim, a numerical model with chemkinII library is used along with its database. This code solves the continuity, navier stokes, the solid and gas energy and the chemical species transport equations using the finite volume method. The pressure and velocity have been coupled with the simple algorithm. In this paper, an attempt is made to apply the profile of porosity instead of constant porosity for two zones of the burner. The results showed that by applying the varying porosity along the burner, the peak temperature can be decreased by about 4.5%, and subsequently, the amount of exhaust pollutants such as NOx can also be decreased while increase in pressure loss along the burner is negligible. The effects of increasing the inlet velocity and the wall temperature are also investigated. The results showed that by increasing the inlet velocity, the peak temperature and the emission of NOx will be decreased and also by increasing wall temperature, the peak temperature and the emission of NOx will be increased.