iraj allahdadi

In order to evaluate the yield components, seed yield, and oil content of Camelina doubled haploid lines, an experiment has been conducted based on a randomized complete block design with 40 doubled haploid lines (as treatments) and three replications in the research farm of College of Aburaihan- the University of Tehran, Pakdasht during 2020. Since the yield characteristics and oil content of Camelina lines are unknown in the Iranian climate, the study investigates seed yield components, as well as oil yield and oil content of 40 Camelina lines. The results show a very significant difference between Camelina lines in terms of yield components, which ultimately leads to significant differences in grain yield, thus affecting the grain oil yield. Although none of the lines has had absolute superiority in all components of grain yield, in terms of final grain yield, line of 134 with 3178 and line of 110 with 3120 kg/ha are identified as superior lines. Therefore, according to the purpose of this study, in order to select the best Camelina line with maximum grain and oil yield, 134 and 110 lines are introduced and recommended as superior and promising lines that are compatible with the climatic conditions of the Pakdasht region.

To evaluate the effect of living mulches on weed control and yield of Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.)  weeds by living mulch, a factorial split experiment has been conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with four replications in the research farm of Aburaihan Campus, the University of Tehran in the 2017-2018 crop year. Factors of seedbed planting (stale seedbed and simple), type of living mulch (berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), as well as planting time of living mulch (two weeks before and at the same time of black seed cultivation). The first factor is in the main plots and the combination of the second and third factors, in the subplots. Results show that fenugreek and alfalfa have been more successful in terms of weed control than clover with a 40% reduction in weed density and biomass, compared to the control without either live mulch or weeding. Also, in order to achieve the highest percentage of black cumin yield traits (83.02, 93.44, and 50.50), the number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, and 1000-seed weight are compared to the control. It is recommended to cultivate fenugreek at the same time as black cumin. In case of alfalfa, pre-sowing is also recommended. Stale seedbed planting system does not play a positive and significant role in weed control and increase in black seed yield traits. It is also better to grow fenugreek at the same time as black seed to get more seed yield in black cumin, but in case of alfalfa, it is better to plant earlier than black seed in the absence of any significant difference among planting times. It seems that alfalfa and fenugreek control weeds by accelerating canopy closure, increasing weed competition with black seed, not interfering negatively with black seed growth, and providing nitrogen to black seed have increased its yield.

This study attempts to evaluate the effects of planting date and spraying CCC on some biochemical characteristics and qualitative and quantitative yield of sugar beet. It has conducted an experiment, using a Split factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2015-2016 growth season in field experiment of university of Abourayhan, Tehran University. The treatments include planting date (2nd of October and 22nd of October) as the main factor and cultivars (Suprima and 9597) and foliar spraying (1000 ppm) / non-application of CCC as sub plots. The results show that the highest percentage of bolting (54.58%) and sodium content (equivalent to 9.16 mEq / 100 g of sugar beet pulp) take place on October 2, while the highest root yield (26.15 ton per hectare) and white sugar yield (equal to 1.44 tons per hectare) happen on October 22. Also, it has been observed that most values of the studied traits (except bolting percentage and sodium content of sugar beet pulp) have occurred through the cultivation of Suprema with CCC spraying. Overall, it can be concluded that the best conditions to determine the best root and sugar yield in the area of ​​research, on 22nd of October, the Suprima and application of 1000 ppm are recommended in order to cultivate sugar beet in the Pakdasht area.

Studies to assess quality of dent maize grain are noteworthy because of its wide use as food, feed and ethanol production. This study aimed to evaluate the concentration and composition of starch and oil in maize grain in response to different cultivars (KSC704 and KSC260), planting dates (20 June and 21 July), irrigation (12-day and 6-day intervals) and nitrogen (0 and 184 kg N ha-1) rate as the strip-plot factorial statistical model during the 2018 growing season in Pakdasht county of Iran. The results suggested that nitrogen application increased grain yield by one tonnes ha-1. In addition, KSC260 had higher grain yield than KSC704 by 0.96 tonnes ha-1. All compositional variables except stearic acid were affected by the interaction effect of irrigation and nitrogen rate. In low irrigated treatments, nitrogen application reduced the amount of oil, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. In low irrigated condition, nitrogen application had no effect on increasing the concentration of starch and amylopectin. The use of nitrogen fertilizer reduced the amount of stearic acid by 0.05 g kg-1. In conclusion, the balance between irrigation and nitrogen utilization seems to be important for improving the oil and starch properties of maize grain.

In order to investigate the effect of accelerated ageing and priming on biochemical and germination indices of cumin, a two factors experiment was conducted based on completely random design with four replications. Experimental factors were included seed deterioration in four levels (control, 12, 24, 36 hours) and priming in five levels (urea and KH2PO4 in two Osmotic potentials of -1 and -1.5 Mpa, and hydro-priming with distilled water). The highest catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities as well as soluble protein content were observed in the non-deteriorated seeds primed with KH2PO4 -1.5 Mpa. Also that the highest germination percentage (86%) and germination rate (2.34 seed day-1), seedling length vigor index (4.90) and the lowest mean germination time (8.4 day) related to the nondeteriorated seeds primed with KH2PO4 -1.5 Mpa. The biggest shoot (3.52cm) and root (2.32cm) length attained from not deteriorate seeds that primed with urea -1.5 Mpa. Generally, the results showed that priming by KH2PO4 with osmotic potential of -1.5 Mpa could improve vigor of deteriorated seed of cumin