فهرست مطالب irshad ahmad

Postconcussion syndrome (PCS) results from an injury to the head, leading to loss of consciousness. It includes symptoms like fatigue, headache, dizziness, and difficult concentration. PCS is frequently seen among athletes, and its treatment is still controversial. This systematic review aims to study the impact of manual therapies on recovery from postconcussion syndrome.

A systematic search was performed using three databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Research Gate) from 2011 to 2021. GRADE approach (grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation) was utilized to evaluate and appraise the quality of studies deemed eligible for this study.

A total of 5489 articles were identified. After undergoing the process of screening and review, only 7 articles were used in the systematic review. Data were extracted from these 7 articles (GRADE rating very low to low).

Manual therapy is an intervention for treating postconcussion symptoms. More studies especially controlled trials with randomization with greater sample sizes, are required to confirm the existing findings.

Aerobic exercise and relaxing music induce parasympathetic activity over the heart. The combined effect of the two interventions was shown to reduce heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and anxiety levels.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise along with music vs. only aerobic exercise, on the autonomic function of the heart during recovery in collegiate overweight and obese individuals.

Thirty-two collegiate overweight and obese individuals were recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Random allocation of participants was done to the aerobic exercise group (n = 16) and aerobic exercise plus music group (n = 16). Each group performed 30 minutes/session, six times/week for four weeks. Pre and post measures of body composition, exercise HR, RPE, square root of mean squared difference between adjacent R-R intervals (RMSSD), interval differences between of adjacent R-R intervals > 50 ms derived from difference between consecutive RR intervals (NN50), low-frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and LF/HF measures of heart rate variability (HRV) during recovery were recorded.

RMSSD (P = 0.003) and LF (P = 0.009) scores showed a significant difference at baseline. A significant time effect was found to be in HR (P < 0.001), RPE (< 0.001), NN50 (P = 0.001), HF (P = 0.016) and LF/HF score (P < 0.001) of HRV indicating difference between pre and post measures, while no difference was found in RMSSD and LF score. A significant group effect was found to be in HR (P = 0.016) and LF/HF score (P = 0.008), indicating the difference between the two groups.

Regular aerobic exercise, in conjunction with relaxing music, appears to confer a beneficial effect on the autonomic modulation during the post-exercise recovery period.

Heart rate recovery (HRR) and heart rate variability (HRV) provide information about cardiac autonomic control; which indicates the physical fitness level of athletes in different sports.
The purpose of our study was to compare HRR and HRV profiles in collegiate male soccer, field hockey and basketball athletes, at rest and following activity.
Fifty-five male collegiate athletes (20 soccer, 18 field hockey and 17 basketball players) were recruited on the basis of inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. HRR was obtained following a bout of sub-maximal exercise on a treadmill. Measures of HRV were assessed at rest and during the last 5 minutes of a 15-min recovery period post-exercise.
Soccer players showed the highest and basketball players recorded the lowest resting root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD). The value of RMSSD for basketball group was significantly lower than both soccer (P The results of the present study suggest that basketball players exhibit greater sympathetic outflow, at rest and following activity. The autonomic profiles of soccer and field hockey players were found to be comparable.

Viral hepatitis during pregnancy is associated with a high risk of maternal complications. The virus has a high risk of vertical transmission and it has been reported as the leading cause of maternal death.
To study the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viral infections among pregnant women in the Peshawar district of Pakistan.
The cross-sectional study took place between July 2013 and April 2014. A total of 10,288 samples were collected from pregnant women living in different areas of the Peshawar district. The samples were centrifuged at a high speed in order to obtain a clear supernatant serum. All samples were screened for HBV and HCV using the immunochromatographic technique.
The overall prevalence of HBV was found to be 1.16%, although it varied throughout the study period. The highest prevalence of HBV (1.69%) was observed during January 2014. The overall prevalence of HCV infection among the pregnant women was observed to be 1.42%. The highest prevalence of HCV infection (2.22%) was found during March 2014.
The overall prevalence of HBV and HCV was 1.16% and 1.42%, respectively. The incidence of HCV infection among the pregnant women was higher than that of HBV infection..