jaber davoodi

In this study, some microsporidial and coccidian parasites were isolated from 103 domestic cats in the Meshkin Shahr area, northwestern Iran during the Jun 2014 to Jun 2015, and their genera were identified using parasitological methods with emphasis on their zoonotic importance. One hundred and three fecal samples of domestic cats were collected and preserved in formalin (10%) and conserved in phosphate buffer saline solution, finally examined by microscopy after formalin-ether concentration and specific staining. Preservation in dichromate potassium (2.5%) was performed for all coccidian positive samples and then sporulated coccidian oocysts were investigated. The detected parasites were Isospora spp. 6/103(5.8%). Microsporidian spores were identified in 46/103 (44.6%) of all samples post-stained by the aniline blue staining method. Microsporidial infections were more prevalent in domestic cats. Further studies are needed in the identification of microsporidial spores isolated from infected cats.

Giardiasis, an intestinal infection, is made by the flagellate protozoan and on the other hand, positive effects of plants derivatives, especially phenolic derivatives, against giardiasis. The effect of Origanum vulgare (OV) hydroalcoholic extract is still uninvestigated. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of OV hydroalcoholic extract on Giardia lamblia cysts compared with metronidazole in vitro. The present experimental study was conduct ed in 2015-2016 in the Laboratory of Department of Parasi tology of Islamic Azad University (Abhar Branch, Abhar, Iran). Cysts separated from feces by Bingham procedure were calculated by using the Hemusytumetr method. Five hundred µl of concentrations of 10, 100 and 200 mg/ml of OV hydroalcoholic extract and also125 mg/kg of metronidazole were added to the purified cysts of giardia. Control group was treated with normal saline. Anti-Giardia activity was calculated by using the light microscope for 30, 60 and 120 min and after exposure to eosin stain. The results indicated anti-Giardia activity of OV hydroalcoholic extract and the best response was achieved at higher levels so that there were no significant differences among OV groups at levels of 200 mg/kg with metronidazole (P>0.05). The anti-Giardia activity of Origanum vulgare extract is may due to the presence of phenolic compounds present in it.

Majority of parasitic infections in rodents have zoonotic importance. This study aimed to determine the frequency and intensity of intestinal protozoa infections of rodents including Meriones persicus, Mus musculus and, Cricetulus migratorius.
This survey was conducted in Meshkin Shahr district in northwestern Iran from Mar. to Dec. of 2014. Intestinal samples of 204 rodents including M. persicus (n=117), M. musculus (n=63) and C. migratorius (n=24) were parasitologically examined. Formalin-ether concentration method was done for all of rodents stool samples and observed with light microscope. All of suspected cases were stained with trichorome staining Method. Cultivation in dichromate potassium 2.5% was carried out for all of coccidian positive samples. Acid fast and aniline blue staining methods were used for detecting of coccidian oocysts and intestinal microsporidial spores, respectively.
About 121(59.3%) of the caught rodents were generally infected with intestinal protozoa. Entamoeba muris 14(6.9%), Trichomonas muris 55(27.0%), Chilomastix betencourtti 17 (8.3%), Giardia muris 19(9.3%), Eimeria spp. 46(22.5%), Isospora spp. 4(2%) and Cryptosporidium spp. 1(0.5%) were found from the collected rodents. Microsporidian spores were identified in 63 (31%) out of the 204 collected rodents using aniline blue staining method.
Since some of the infections are zoonotic importance thus, control of rodents can be decreased new cases of the parasitic zoonoses in humans.

Rodents play an important role as reservoir of some pathogens, and the host of some ectoparasites as well. These ectoparasites can transmit rodents’ pathogens to human or animals. The aim of this study was to assess the distribution and infestation load of ectoparasites on rodents in Meshkin-Shahr District, northwestern Iran.
Rodents were captured using baited live traps in spring 2014 from Meshkin-Shahr District and were trans­ferred to the laboratory for identification to the species level. Their ectoparasites were collected, mounted and identi­fied.
Three rodent species including Meriones persicus (74%), Mus musculus (16.9%) and Cricetulus migrato­rius (9%) were identified. Among all rodents, 185 specimens (90.69%) were infested with a total of 521 ectopara­sites. Overall, 10 arthropods species were collected, including fleas (97.6%), one mite (1.6%) and one louse species (0.6%) as follows: Xenopsylla nubica, X. astia, X. buxtoni, X. cheopis, Nosopsyllus fasciatus, N. iranus, Cten­ocephalides felis, Ctenophthalmus rettigismiti, Ornithonyssus sp and one species of genus Polyplax. The most prev­alent ectoparasites species was X. nubica (89%).
Nearly all rodent species were infested with Xenopsylla species. Monitoring of ectoparasites on infested rodents is very important for awareness and early warning towards control of arthropod-borne diseases.

Rodents have important role as reservoirs of different parasites. The aim of this study was to determine helminth parasites of abundant rodents in Meshkin-Shahr, Ardabil Province northwest Iran.
From April 2014 to March 2015; 205 rodents including 118 Meriones persicus, 63 Mus musculus and 24 Cricetulus migratorius were collected, using live traps. All rodents were dissected and their different tissues examined for infectivity with helminth parasites.
Overall, 74.2% of rodents were infected with helminth parasites. The rate of infectivity in M. persicus, M. musculus and C. migratorius was 82.2%, 61.9%, 66.7%, respectively. In general, among all 205 rodents, the species and infection rates of helminthes were as follows: Nematoda: Trichuris sp. (46.8 %), Capillaria hepatica (18.1%), Syphacia frederici (14.2%), Aspicularis tetraptera (3.4%), Trichuris rhombomidis (2%), Heligmosomom sp. (2%), Streptopharagus kuntzi (0.5%), Spiruridae gen. sp. (0.5%); Cestoda: Hymenolepis nana fraterna (16.6%) Hymenolepis diminuta (7.3%) tetratiridium of Mesocestoides sp. (1%), Paranoplocephala sp. (0.5%), Cysticercus fasciolaris (0.5%), Taenia endothoracicus larva (0.5%), and Acanthocephala: Moniliformis moniliformis (18.5%).
Variable species of helminthes circulate in the rodents of the study area. Presence of several zoonotic species highlights the potential risk of infections for public health.

Breast cancer causes concerns about treatment, complications, hospital stay and cost in patients which are common. Because self-efficacy is one of the unique factors, can affect an individual's ability and understanding of what to expect before, during, and after Brest cancer surgery. In the Present study the expected outcome of the mastectomy compared with perceived treatment outcomes based on self-efficacy in women with breast cancer. In the current study, 300 female patients with breast cancer were studied before and after mastectomy using the General Self-efficacy Scale and Expectancy Outcome Incongruence. The finding yielded that there was significant difference between patients with the high and low self-efficacy based on the expectation of the result of surgery and perceived outcome of surgery. Similarly there is significant difference between the level of disease progression based on the expectation of the surgery outcome and perceived outcome of surgery. in addition, there was significant difference between breast tumor size based on the expected outcome of surgical treatment and perceived outcome of surgery. There was significant difference between elderly and non-elderly women self-efficacy. Results show the higher level of self-efficacy can be useful in establishing primary social adjustment but lead to underestimate the negative effects of surgery and may disturb psychological adjustment. Thus, high self-efficacy indirectly plays a significant role in increasing problems after mastectomy.

An experiment was conducted under completely randomized design to investigate effect of various levels of terbutalin، a bete-adrenergic agonist، by procuring 120، 35-d age male cobb broiler chicks from d 29-49. The birds were randomely distributed into 3 treatments and 4 replicates with10 birds each. The birds were fed experimental diets with different levels of terbutaline at levels 0. 0 (control)، 7. 5 and 15 ppm/kg. Feed intake and liveweight were weekly measured. At the end of the experimental periods، 20 chicks from each group were randomly selected and blood samples were collected، 8 birds also were selected for carcass analysis. Blood metabolites were assayed via spectrophotometric methods and hormones via radioimmunoassay. Results showed that terbutaline at lower level of inclusion had significantly affect on weight gain، feed intake and feed conversion ratio vs. control group (p<0. 05). Low level of terbutaline caused significant increases in carcass weight، carcass yeild، breast weight and thigh weight as 10. 3، 5. 2، 3. 4، 4. 8% and decreased in abdominal fat as 22. 8% as compared to control group، respectively (p<0. 05). Terbutaline inclusions significantly increased protein percentage of breast and thigh and decreased fat percentage of breast vs. control (p<0. 05). Both levels of Terbutaline inclusion had significantly increased in blood glucose، triglycerides، cholesterol and thyroxine levels، but decreased in blood insulin، urea nitrogen and uric acid levels (p<0. 05). It has no significant effects on blood alanine، glutamine، creatine kinase and aspartate amino-transferase enzymes levels. In general، the results showed that terbutaline inclusions especially in 7. 5 ppm/kg in broiler diets can improve performance and carcass traits.