فهرست مطالب jafar hezarjaribi

The current research seeks to identify the meanings, concepts, implications and indicators of measuring educational efficiency to describe, analyse, compare and evaluate the ruling policies and ideologies among schools, especially government and non-government high schools, and the consequences and solutions faced accordingly.  It considers the policy of privatization of schools.  This qualitative research is a descriptive meta-analysis and a systematic review.  The statistical population of the research includes 72 selected articles in the field of factors related to educational efficiency and educational justice between government and non-government high schools, after review, 25 of them were described, analyzed and compared.  The data of the research was collected by referring to the quarterly journal of the fields of education and training, the comprehensive portal of humanities, the scientific information base of academic Jihad, Iran Dog. They showed that the concept of educational justice in non-government high schools compared to government high schools means equal enjoyment in terms of educational access, educational facilities, and the functioning of the educational system, although it has worked well in the fields of education, management, and social opportunities, but education as an economic commodity in other cultural and social fields has led to the emergence and continuation of class and social gap between people. If the background and capabilities of low-income people are not paid attention to and these people do not have equal opportunities to participate in government positions for policymaking in the social and cultural fields, in the future we can witness the occurrence of damages and social issues to compensate for the lost opportunities.  It was from this group of people in the society.

 Topic and problem:

 The present article seeks to identify the conceptual differences around the identity of the marginalized among the policies of marginalization, the views of cultural workers and activists in municipalities and neighborhood centers, and the perspective of the marginalized themselves.

Clark and Brown's thematic analysis method has been used in this research, and the data was purposefully selected from special cases, which include documents related to marginalization policies, semi-structured interviews with 48 people from the margins. Residents and 25 employees and cultural activists are located in the municipality and neighborhood hall in the 2nd, 4th, 12th, 18th and 19th districts of Tehran.

The findings show that in the marginalization policies, the identity of the marginalized is based on the two main themes of local nervousness and freedom-creativity, and in the view of employees and cultural trends, based on characteristics such as strong local solidarity. Uncertainty, disorganization, etc. are formed. But the interview with marginal residents showed that their identity is fundamentally linked with the concept of work. The solidarity of the marginal residents is a normal solidarity like anywhere else in the city, but the strong local solidarity of the marginal residents is formed when they feel that their work is threatened by a new order. Their authority is against the threat of creating uncertainty and disorder.ز

This research was conducted with the aim of studying the effects of oil and gas industry development on the state of social damage in the native community of Assalouye. This research was conducted using quantitative and qualitative methods, in the qualitative part, the in-depth interview method was used, and in the quantitative part, survey and correlation research methods were used. The population of the current study was the native residents of Asalouyeh, 17 of them participated in the qualitative part using the purposeful sampling method, and 380 people participated in the quantitative part using the random proportional classification sampling method. In order to collect data from the qualitative part, in-depth interviews were conducted with the participants, and the data from the quantitative part was collected using a semi-standard and researcher-made questionnaire. The results showed that under the influence of the oil and gas industry entering the region, social harm has increased significantly. Most of the respondents stated that due to their dissatisfaction with their current living situation, they would move to change their place of residence if possible. The results of the quantitative analysis showed that before the entry of the oil industry, the quality of life can explain the variance of the criterion variable, i.e., the state of social harms, in a significant way to the extent of -20%.

Social health in its broadest sense is described by the quantity and quality of human performance in social interactions and positive and negative evaluations of this type of behavior by others. The purpose of the present research is to present a descriptive and analytical model of indicators and metrics that determine social health among the elderly based on the studies of the last decade.

In the present study, the qualitative method of descriptive meta-analysis and systematic review was used. The statistical population of the current research includes 67 selected studies, in this study 26 of them were selected and described, analyzed and compared due to their suitability and relevance to the topic. Collecting information in this study based on the checklist for selecting research studies, through a regular review search in the publications of Gerontology, IRANIAN of AGEING, Social Welfare, social health, Social Development and Welfare Planning, as well as the database of the comprehensive portal of humanities, the scientific information center of academic jihad and Google Scholar occurred.

According to the findings of this research, in most of the studies conducted in the last decade, the unit of analysis has been the elderly, and in most cases, the survey method has been used to collect data. Also, Keyes' theory of social health in relation to social determinants such as House and Fleming-Baum's social support and interactions, Zaff's quality of life, Gidden's social security and Bourdieu's social capital has been the dominant research guide, among the factors mentioned are social support and interactions and its indicators. Compared to other components, they have had a significant impact on the social health of the elderly.

An overview of the studies carried out in the last decade revealed that although the assessment of the social health status based on Keyes' five model is the most decisive in the studies, this model has not been able to provide an analytical model - a detailed description of the assessment of the social health status of the elderly compared to other groups based on background variables. such as age, gender, occupation, education, residence, income, etc. ; Therefore, it is recommended by researchers and policymakers to provide a new and comprehensive model for research and policy making in the field of social health of the elderly.

The current research was carried out with the aim of sociologically explaining the grounds of dissatisfaction and protest behaviors in the last two decades (summer 1400-1380) in Iran, with an emphasis on protests in Khuzestan province. The research has used the discourse analysis method to achieve the above goal. The research participants are 34 knowledgeable people, local trustees and people with the ability to analyze social, cultural and political issues, managers and experts of various organizations in the field of cultural, social, political and security environment, university professors and expert experts familiar with the subject and texts. It is related to the state of dissatisfaction and protests in the last two decades. These participants were selected using theoretical sampling in the process of data collection and analysis. The data were collected using the in-depth interview method and analyzed with the help of Laclou and Mouffe's discourse analysis method through three steps (drawing the discourse space, alienating and articulating). The discourse analysis of the texts revealed that the floating sign of protests and unrest in Khuzestan by highlighting the "accumulation of people's demands" as the main sign, reveals the approach of the discourse of protests and unrest in Khuzestan in the last two decades. Such highlighting is indicative of its own specific times or meanings; So that "regional inequality", "water crisis and drought", "environmental problems", "lack of good urban governance", "feeling of failure and hopelessness", "tribalism", "activism of different actors", "economy-centered", "feeling of relative deprivation" as the main moments and signifiers. They organize the articulation of the dissatisfaction discourse in the last two decades in Khuzestan. Discourse analysis according to Laclau and Mouffe regarding dissatisfactions in the last two decades in Khuzestan shows that the problems left over from the multitude of unresolved issues in Khuzestan province have brought the work to a boiling point, and in the meantime, a combination of people's feelings and perceptions. Khuzestan has also influenced their behavior and political action and finally, it has formed the emergence of protest behavior and the phenomenon of unrest. Based on the findings, the articulation of the ruling discourse on protest behaviors and social dissatisfactions in the last two decades has been drawn.

One of the most important goals of detailed plans is to provide standard per capita municipal services in order to meet the needs of citizens. The strategic point in the feasibility of these plans is to adapt to the context in which an Islamic society demands its own requirements. In the Islam, the answer to the material and metamaterial needs of human beings is considered and the city should facilitate this important.If the provision of human spiritual needs along with his material needs is considered, it is important to provide the per capita bodies corresponding to this need (such as religious land use). This study evaluates the detailed plan of the holy city of Qom from this perspective, while providing a model for the pathology of the spatial distribution of the religious per capita of cities, where the deficiency of various qualitative and quantitative researches on the religious per capita of cities is quite noticeable.The research was descriptive-analytical in which the data were collected by documentary method and field observation and finally, the spatial data (GIS) obtained from the field survey of the researcher were analyzed.The results indicate that in Qom the per capita lack of religious land use in the urban neighborhoods is proven by various analytical methods. The detailed plan puts about 7% of the religious uses of the neighborhoods in widening the passages. Lack of standard distribution of religious spaces has led to deviations of at least 34% to 68% from the goals.

Hope is one of the most important and practical categories for advancing the affairs of the individual and society. The purpose of this article is find orientations towards hope and its role in the future.The issue of this research is what and how hope is realized in Ayatollah Khamenei's statements emphasizing the statement of the second phase of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. The method of this research is qualitative and the documentary method has been used in data collection and the thematic analysis method in data analysis. The research findings show the 5 main themes of the second phase statement that the theme of "New Era of the World" was identified as the basic theme. In other words, with the beginning of the Islamic Revolution, a new era has been formed which has been accompanied by the enmity of the enemies, but there are hopeful capacities to face them, and in fact, the most important of these capacities is "hope and trust".This article shows that hope in Ayatollah Khamenei's thought is the key to all the locks and the source of progress and progress, and "hope" has been interpreted as "trust and confidence" as well as "movement and progress".

This article tries to explain the position of urban social policy in Iran based on upstream legal documents and approvals related to city associations and municipalities. Simultaneously with the Constitutional Revolution and the establishment of the National Assembly in 1286 AH, which paved the way for the emergence of a modern government in Iran, ruling actors in the city also took on a new role. Municipalities have become a major player in helping the government to ensure the welfare of vulnerable social groups and provide various welfare services to these groups, and a kind of restorative municipality is born. In this article, relying on the qualitative method with the technique of document content analysis, we have tried to review all the laws related to municipalities during the 70-year period until the Islamic Revolution and discover and extract themes related to ensuring the welfare of citizens and social groups. The findings indicate that municipalities initially played a minimal restorative role in ensuring the welfare of citizens, but with the establishment of the modern developmental government, various social groups became the target of municipal policy and more welfare services were provided by this institution. The intensification of development and widespread migration to cities and the formation of the urban lower class, made social policy “reducing urban poverty” more complex and highlighted the role of municipalities. Thus, the municipality became one of the most important institutional barriers to reducing urban poverty, and excluded some of the social groups involved in the city's informal economy, such as peddlers and vagrants, from the urban life cycle.

In order to preserve and revive the cultural heritage, customs, traditions and indigenous knowledge of nations, governments must strive to grow artisan entrepreneurs in society in quantity and quality. To achieve this, it is necessary to examine the personality traits and environmental conditions associated with this type of entrepreneurship. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of gaining a better understanding of the basic categories of entrepreneurial behavior in artisan entrepreneurship using field method. Descriptive phenomenological method and semi-structured interview tools were used to collect research data and qualitative content analysis technique was used to analyze the data. The study population is handicraft artists in Tehran. Using purposive sampling method, 15 individual interviews and 1 group interview were conducted and the lived experiences of 18 people were examined. After analysis, 8 important categories of entrepreneurial behavior in craft entrepreneurship were identified, which are: social capital, personality and behavioral characteristics, cultural intelligence, innovative passion, institutional environment, education, motivation, outcome and research results. The most important elements of artisan entrepreneurial behavior are: interest in and passion for art, hard work and perseverance in achieving goals, preservation and promotion of indigenous traditions and cultural resources, experiential and continuous learning, support of the authorities for the artist.

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Social welfare is considered a part of human life and culture and the development of humanitarian theories with emphasis on the responsibility of all towards each other as well as the development of social and biological sciences has been effective in the emergence of new attitudes about social welfare and poverty reduction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of Ganjai Khan endowments in the social welfare of Kerman citizens with a poverty reduction approach.

The study was all citizens over 18 years of age in Kerman. Based on this, using Cochran's formula, 384 people were selected as the sample size (this number was increased to 400, and finally 390 were used in the final analysis). Sampling was performed based on multi-stage clusters between regions, blocks and finally Kerman households. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire (based on themes taken from the qualitative part). Descriptive statistics such as mean and frequency percentage were used to describe the main variables of the research and Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression and confirmatory factor analysis were used to examine the relationships between variables. Data were analyzed using Spss and Amos software.

The results of multivariate regression test showed that 0.410 of citizens' social welfare can be explained based on endowment management, which will result in poverty reduction. Regarding the value of standard beta coefficients of each variable, the coefficient of priority goes back to the needs, which is 0.452. The lowest value is related to the organizational innovation variable which is 0.004. This value is 0.338 for management variability, 0.423 for specialized knowledge, 0.431 for understanding endowments and finally 0.327 for organizational capability.

The results of this study show that Ganjali Khan endowments have an important role in the objective and psychological well-being of Kermani citizens and have an important role in reducing poverty. The well-being of citizens and the consequent reduction of poverty can be very important.

Countering drug trafficking at sea, as one of the international organized crimes, requires access to information, which is now referred to as intelligence dominance. The present study was conducted to identify the priorities and intelligence challenges of I. R. I. Police in combating drug trafficking at sea. In terms of its objectives, the present study is of an applied research type and in terms of its nature it is descriptive-survey and exploratory. A semi-structured interview and a questionnaire were used to collect the required data. The statistical population of the research in the quantitative phase was 30 individuals, of which 28 individuals were selected according to Morgan Table, but due to the limited statistical size and taking into account the research considerations, they were selected as a whole; and in the qualitative phase 15 individuals collaborated as research participants until they reached theoretical saturation. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts using face validity method and its reliability has been measured by reviewing the indicators and components extracted from the open data by experts. After implementing the interview text and analyzing them, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats were extracted according to the SWOT matrix. SPSS software was used to analyze the questionnaire data. The results show that the first priority is manpower and organizational structure, and the second priority is to pay attention to environmental opportunities, including the intellectual support of the Supreme Leader and the existence of advanced technologies in other security institutions and ... should be considered. In the first group, the challenges were identified as the lack of organizational structure appropriate to the organization's naval missions, and in the second group, cultural weakness and the general tendency of society to abuse drugs were identified.

In the last decade, in order to organize the country's educational system in accordance with the needs and national considerations of the country, two important policy documents, entitled the Comprehensive Scientific Map of the Country (CSMC) and the Document of Fundamental Evolution of Education (DFEE), have been drawn up, approved, and forwarded for enforcement. The present paper aims at examining the relationship between these two policy documents in the field of education, the ratio between them, and how they can help make the country's educational policies and system more effective. To achieve this purpose, a qualitative method was used and the collected data were analyzed on the basis of the Grounded Theory Approach (GTA). The findings of the study show that creating knowledge-based society and developing the country are the central concerns of the Comprehensive Scientific Map of the Country and the Fundamental Document of Education Evolution, respectively. These results also show that there is a similar relationship between these two documents in creating entrepreneurship as a common consequence, but the educational and ideological aspect of the Document of Fundamental Evolution of Education overweighs its entrepreneurial aspect while it is just opposite in the Comprehensive Scientific Map.

  Existing facts denote that happiness is not in an appropriate state in Iran and Illam province, while nowadays happiness is one of the most important elements of development and welfare and crucial factor in social order too. Current research tried to study and identify effective factors on happiness in Illam province and make some recommendations to increase it. After review of literature and identify the most effective variables on happiness in previous researches, the theoretical debates have been studied and categorized in philosophical, religious and scientific (sociology and psychology) fields. There are three general approaches in social sciences and psychology including cognitive, social and critical that address happiness. Current research was based on social approach. It has three subcategories that theoretical framework has been formulated based on them: collective behaviors (Durkheim’s approach), cultural and historical characteristics (Inglehart’s theory) and institutional processes (Giddens’s approach). Methodologically, current research was a mixed design that has been conducted in exploratory design. In first step, qualitative method has been implemented. The data gathered by semi-structured interviews and analyzed by thematic analysis. Then, the metric has been designed for survey. In qualitative section, the participants are 48 who have been chosen by purposive sampling. They have been consisted of two groups: ordinary people (36) and experts & researchers (12). In quantitative section, the multi-stage cluster sampling has been used and sample size has been 744. The quantitative data have been analyzed by SPSS statistical software and presented at two descriptive and inferential levels. Maxwell’s model of validity including descriptive, interpretive and theoretical validity has been used in qualitative section. In quantitative part, validity has been examined by face validity. Reliability has been confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.
Discussion of Results and The main identified themes that have been drawn are four including: First, happiness as liberty which has two sub-themes: negative liberty (being free from any unpleasant factor that is preventive of peace and good life) and positive liberty (having necessary facilities for pursuit goals and priorities of life). The Second theme is happiness as adjustment which means harmony and fitness between subjective and objective conditions of life. Third, happiness as life satisfaction or positive evaluation of life, and the forth one is happiness ass power that being able to accept and dealing with troubles and unpleasant affaires and their negative consequences. In addition, the results of statistical analysis show that the relationship between such variables as social trust, wealth, ontological security, social integration, religiousness and kinship relations with happiness has been indirect. Anomie has had an inverse effect on happiness. The findings of path analysis show that amongst variables that have been studied, social trust has strongest impact on happiness. It could be said that due to decrease of social trust, social integration and kinship relations have been weaken and anomie has increased. Anomie, in turn, leads to decrease in ontological security. The final result of this cycle is decrease in happiness.
Based on findings, six general strategies have been formulated to improve happiness, including economic and expanding welfare strategy, reconstruction of community, educational strategy, the management of urban spaces, develop of sport facilities and complexes, and political development. In sum, regarding to such criteria as efficiency, effectiveness, popular acceptance, enforceability and fiscal & budget issues, it seems that “reconstruction of community” could be the best and most important strategy for making policies to improve happiness in Illam province. This strategy has been operational in three recommendations including strengthen social integration, recover and rejuvenate tradition and rehabilitate social gaps

The porpuse of this study is to investigate lifestyle and divorce in couples in Tehran. The research method in terms of the porpuse of the research, considering that the present research is to study the relationship between lifestyle and divorce in couples in Tehran, is classified as applied in the filed of applied research.Also, the present study is classified in the exploratory blended research group in terms of how to collect the required data.in this research, quantitative and qualitative mehtods have been used to collect information. The statistical population of the study isqualitative research including divorced couples and succsseful couples in Tehran .Sampling method was purposeful and snowball.Also, the statistical population of the study in thequantitative section including all  divorced couples and succsseful couples in Tehran .In the quantitative part of the study ,random sampling method was used.The group of men and women applying for divorce in Tehran has been selected as the reference category and the changes of the other group,succsseful married men and women in Tehran ,have been measured. The results of the present survey indicate  the following as the effective  factores on tendency toward devorce among couples in Tehran: spouse`s addiction,the use of communication technology ,concealment in marital life,lack of understanding and assurance,lack of independence in life,non-commitment to marital relationship,lack of satisfaction with sex,financial problems,selfishness and ownership,value and coulturaldifferences. The adds ratio of this variable for the group of men and women in the divorce request for positive coefficient indicates that these variables may lead to an increase in the demand for divorce.

Youth unemployment is currently one of the main issues facing the country, and identification of employment policy challenges is one of the main prerequisites for solving this problem. The research is to identify the basic challenges of youth employment and provide an appropriate policy strategy. The research is carried out qualitatively and its data were obtained through interviews with 17 experts in the field of labor market and employment policy, and for analyzing the findings of the research, SWOT and AHP models have been used. The findings showed the internal weaknesses of the labor market (with an average weight of 6/89 and a relative weight of 0/766) are more important in the labor market. After that, opportunities outside the labor market (weighing 6/79 and a relative weight of 0/754) are important. Threats outside the labor market (with a weighted average of 6/74 and a relative weight of 0/749) are important in the third order. Finally, the internal strengths of the labor market (with an average weight of 29/6 and a relative weight of 0/699) are of the least importance and impact. As the results, in each domains and dimensions of the labor market, Change Direction (WO) Strategies should be selected firstly. "Changing the way of students conduct academic studies from theoretical courses to technical and professional skills", "reducing the acceptance of universities, especially in theoretical and non-technical fields", "Establishment of an income-tax system, especially in non- Manufacturing and interfaces" and "Changing the jobs creation from investor jobs to user jobs" are examples of these strategies.

 Urban management faces many challenges in terms of security. Among these challenges is the concept of citizenship, participation, and citizenship rights, which has become especially important today. One of the ways of securing, changing and reforming the Physical Space of cities, and of course, more important than the physical Space of any place, is the prevailing spirit of that place, which stems from the social and human relations that are interdependent. That is, the Physical Space plays an important role in behaviors, and behaviors affect how the Physical Space of the city is used. Subject of security and cooperation with police in urban communities is very important.  Today situation of meeting needs is more complex, with increasing in urban community and tangling them. Recognition and control of security in cities requires comprehensive and thorough insight so that way we can understand the various aspects of security also we can discover hidden relationships between dimensions at different levels. In this regard, this research attempts to explore effective factors on Urmia citizen participation in maintaining order and security. Urmia is one of the cities whose inhabitants have always enjoyed peaceful and non-violent living in the distant past, with ethnic and religious backgrounds, and ethnic and religious diversity has never caused insecurity, and the inhabitants of this city with each other People and languages have been collaborating with each other to promote their city. Nonetheless, radical currents that are strengthened out of the reach of some ethnic occurrences lead to ethnic conflicts and tensions, which may eventually lead to insecurity and disorder. The study special emphasis on civil rights and awareness of civil rights also consider citizen’s membership and activity in civil society organizations.  Present research method is survey and data were collected by standard questionnaires that have been extracted from previous research. The study population is Urmia citizens who are over 18 years old and have at least intermediate education. Based on Cochran formula, the sample are 392 people.  The tool of measurement is a questionnaire, which is one of the most common and accurate tools for obtaining research data. Data analysis of this research has been done using statistical methods using SPSS software. Since the independent and dependent variables are quantitative and scale Level, the research hypotheses are evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficient test. Also, using regression analysis, the role and contribution of each of the independent variables are calculated and presented in the path analysis diagram.  Urmia city has a population of about one million people, including the populous cities of Iran, which can be considered metropolitan by urban standards. On the other hand, ethnic, religious, linguistic and ... Urmia has some special problems. It is also the provincial capital with three common border strips and is constantly threatened. Data analyze results show that these variables: gender (p<0.01), age (p<0.01), language (p<0.05), education (p<0.01) correlated with public participation in security. The correlation between independent variables and tend to participation in security as dependent variable is as follows: ethnic convergence 0.536 (p<0.01), awareness of civil rights0.572 (p<0.01), feelings of relative deprivation -0.563 (p<0.01), membership in civil society organizations 0.444 (p<0.01), social cohesion 0.570 (p<0.01). Also the regressions analysis results in this study show that independent variables explain about 46 percent of dependent variable. City expansion, its multicultural and multiethnic would be created problems such as social cohesion reduction, increasing in feelings of relative deprivation. On the other hand, the weakness of civil society in public participation procurement and ignorance of civil rights causes urban secure environment face to challenges.  The results indicate that considering these factors by security officials can help to improve security in urban space, especially security participation.

One of the key concepts in the issue of Unemployment is the concept of NEET, which refers to young people who are not employed and who are not educating or training. The purpose is to present the definition of the concept of NEET and introduce its subgroups, and examine the components of its creation in Iran. The research method is qualitative and documentary method has been used in which the data and information about the labor market of Iran from reliable sources such as the Center for Statistics of Iran, International Labor Organization and etc.
Results show that the NEET rate in Iran was estimated at 23%, and this rate in women is 2.5 times higher than that of men. Also, among women between the ages of 25-29, it is more common (43.2%) than other age groups. In terms of education, people aged 25 to 29 years undergoing postgraduate education are more likely to develop NEETs. Living in remote areas or migrating from village to city and from big cities to metropolises are another components of the youth's emerging NEET.
The political factor includes the developmental policies of governments and their implications, inadequate demographic and educational policies and failure to properly implement of employment plans such as Self-employment loans, SMEs and Internship are the main structural components that have led to an increase in the proportion of NEETs in the young population of Iran in recent years.

The lack of Birth Certificates means the lack of individuals` identity, persons without Birth Certificates are deprived from primary human rights and with much probably encountered to millions discriminations and inaccessibility to essential services such as health and education (UNICEF,2002). The individuals that have no legal existence have no the least support which identity documents create for persons against soon marriage, infant working, recruitment in army forces and even children smuggling .Since these people are ignored in statistics and politicians` decisions so it has been settled to legal lacks and weakness with the purpose of understanding the challenges of exercising politics in the field of this group. In order to access to the aim of the research in this range was used the analysis of documents and rules qualitative contents with inductive approach. All of the documents and laws that have been edited and approved in this field at recent years and the rules which have affected indirectly on conditions of these children have been seen as full counting.
Constructional inattention and carelessness to children and adolescents without Birth Certificates is one of the most important challenges for exercising politics in this field that furthermore their inaccessibility to education, cure services it compared with others has caused that they engage in more risks. Research findings shows that conceptual atmosphere has exclusivism approach in rules which relate to these children directly and impose “ double social exclusion “ on these children with creating exclusion social, temporal, local conditions. This matter is applied by rules that exert “symbolic harshness” in the field of “mothers rights” so that they have “implement view to motherhood rights” with choosing paternal approach. Thus it is necessary to have an approach that creates the least social inclusion for these children

This research examines the change in the attitude and trust of adolescents to their parents after divorce. It seeks to find whether the attitude and trust between adolescents and their parents change after divorce? Methods & Materials: Participants in this study were 30 adolescents with divorced parents in Tehran; of these, 50% were boys and 50% girls. Interviews and questionnaires were used to collect the data. In general, 58 indicators were used to examine adolescents’ relationships with parents. The indicators are arranged in three dimensions of moderation, intimacy, and conflict. Testing the measures showed that the rate of talking with a teenager after divorce decreases and father's cry on his child increases. Moreover, the degree of father's disregard his teenager before and after divorce has not shown a significant difference. This issue is completely different about the relationship between mother and her teen. The result of the study showed that in a divorce, the relationship between adolescent with the parent’s changes, and the relationship between the adolescent and the father undergoes more changes in comparison to the relationship with mother. The survey also showed that attitudes and trust between adolescents and parents have changes as a result of divorce.

Domestic violence.is Painful reality that has affected all aspects of life their victims. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between men and women experience violence in childhood observations on violence in the family home in 2015 in the paveh city. The study was a survey method and a questionnaire was used to collect information. The sample size is 200 people selected by multistage cluster sampling. For data analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient was used. For data analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient was used. the results showed that the "women's the experience of violence in childhood" and "indicators of domestic violence", there is a significant correlation. That means that the the experience of "violence of women in childhood," the father of the family, was more, much more violence against them. The results show that a significant and direct correlation between the the experience of men in family violence and violence against women. That means that the experience, "Male violence Childhood" in the father's family was more violence in the family more than their wives. Results show that the view from the parents in childhood abuse experience leads to learning behavior and learning dominated by men by women is tolerated.

Happiness as a social condition consists of three aspects including personal (positive affect and life satisfaction), social (strong and supportive relations and social cohesion) and structural (necessary settings and preconditions for flourishing and actualization of human capabilities) It’s an important issue in social and welfare policies
Regarding to the fact that happiness is not in an appropriate state in Iran and Illam province, its meanings among people should be understood and used in planning and interventional actions. Hence, the current research has been done to study the meanings and definitions of happiness from the citizens’ viewpoint of Ilam.
The conceptual debates have been formulated in philosophical, psychological and sociological approaches to depict the sophisticated and multi-dimensional nature of happiness. The current research is a qualitative one in the interpretative and constructionist paradigm. The data have been gathered by semi-structured interviews. The participants are 36 persons who have been chosen by purposive sampling. The interviews have been
First, happiness as liberty which has two sub-themes: negative liberty (being free from any unpleasant factor that is preventive of peace and good life) and positive liberty (having necessary facilities for pursuit goals and priorities of life). The Second theme is happiness as adjustment which means harmony and fitness between subjective and objective conditions of life. Third, happiness as life satisfaction or positive evaluation of life, and the forth one is happiness as power that being able to accept and dealing with troubles and unpleasant affaires and their negative consequences. Based on findings, policy recommendations have been formulated in four strategies including: reconstruction of community by rejuvenate and strengthen social capital, improve objective conditions of life by employment and livability of environment, paying more attention to justice and distributive equality in macro-level policymaking so that facilities and opportunities for actualization of personal capabilities be attainable fairly, and finally, rethinking in the content of those institutions’ programs that are responsible for education and socialization to reinforcement of citizenship ethics, collective identities and ultimate ends.

The policies of the country's higher education development have had a great impact on the development of higher education, especially its quality dimension, and the country after the Islamic Revolution witnessed the establishment of many higher education institutions. Higher education has functions such as production, transfer, exchange and use of science. The country's higher education policies have, however, been towards transition. The main issue of this paper is to review the policy development of higher education and analyze the causes and reasons for higher education development policies and its impact on the employment of university graduates. The present research is carried out qualitatively and in a documentary way in the field of studying documents, laws and policies, and by secondary analyzing the official statistics of the country in the field of higher education and employment. In the other part, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 30 informants and practitioners of higher education, and with the Thematic Analysis tool, the main themes of higher education development policies were obtained. The findings of this research show that social demand is the main cause for the development of higher education and the implementation of justice education as the main reason for the development of higher education in the country. However, the imbalance in the quantitative and qualitative development of higher education and the lack of consideration of land use planning has been the main factor behind the outdoors quantity development of an unremitting amount of higher education in the country over the years.

This research suggests a methodological improvement to study social capital in online social networks. We have designed a measurement tool based on Lin's theory of social resources. It is named Social Village and can be accessed in (http://socialvillage.me). By this tool, we are getting access to profile and friendship data of users of online social networks (Facebook and Google Plus). To access this data, we ask for users’ permission by social login and we have designed a gamified and interesting social survey that helps users get an in-depth knowledge of their online life. This tool combines three structural generators for social capital data (name, position and resource generators) and it has been developed in three languages (English, French and Persian) enabling us to conduct comparative studies. Based on our results presented in this report, 412 users in sample of our study know who they are connected with in online social networks, they know their friends’ socio-economic positions and they are providing or receiving various resources through their online friendships and their level of social capital is signifacntly correlated with their activities in online social networks and some other variables that are discussed in the report.

This study has analyzed the life satisfaction of students and its relationship with the sense of social security. The method of research is survey-based; and the sample population used for the research is comprised of 409 students, both male and female, studying at Payam-e Noor universities of the Kermanshah province in the year 2015. The samples were selected by multistage cluster sampling and were analyzed by inferential statistical analysis. The major findings of the research are as follows: There is a direct, significant relationship between the degree of sense of social security (and different dimensions of it, including a sense of financial, political and criminal security) and the level of life satisfaction. This implies that with an increase in the sense of security, the level of life satisfaction also increases and vice versa. Moreover, there is a significant relationship between all the dimensions of social security and life satisfaction, such that with an increase in degree of the sense of financial, political and criminal security, the level of life satisfaction also increases and vice versa. Also, all of the dimensions of social security, the sense of financial security has the greatest impact on the level of life satisfaction when compared to the other two dimensions i.e. criminal and political security.