jagjit singh

Currently available disease modifying anti-rheumatoid drugs have limitations like dose-dependent toxicity and tolerance.Dimethyl fumarate has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties in various animal models. Thus, thepresent study aimed to evaluate the effects and mechanism of DMF in a murine model of adjuvant-induced arthritis.A total of 84 rats were divided into early treatment groups (n=48) and late treatment groups (n=36). There were 8 subgroupsand 6 subgroups (n=6 in each group) in the early and late treatment groups, respectively. Experimental rheumatoid arthritis(RA) was induced in Wistar rats by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) intradermally at the base of the tail. Antirheumatic effects were evaluated by arthritis and histopathological scoring of ankle joints. To evaluate anti-oxidant properties,GSH, catalase, SOD, and lipid peroxidation were measured. ESR, WBC count, TNF-α and IL-6 levels were measured to evaluatethe immunomodulatory properties of DMF. DMF demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing arthritis andhistopathological scores compared to the CFA control group, though the difference was not statistically significant. DMFexhibited immunomodulatory properties as decreases in TLC count, serum TNF-α, and plasma IL-6 levels were observed. In allthe above-mentioned parameters, the best response was achieved with the early combination therapy of DMF 30 mg/kg andmethotrexate [Mtx] 0.1 mg/kg. In the present study, DMF demonstrated antirheumatoid effects in a rat model of CFA-inducedarthritis. The best antirheumatoid effect was achieved with the early combination of DMF and Mtx.

Herbal mouthwashes nowadays are gaining popularity because they contain naturally occurring ingredi-ents that achieve the desired antimicrobial and antiinflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of a commercially available herbal mouthwash (HiOra) with that of an essential oil-containing mouthwash, Listerine.
A single-blind cross-over study was conducted on 30 dental students aged 18‒25 years. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: A and B (n=15) and the study was divided into two phases. In phase 1, Listerine mouthwash was given to group A and HiOra mouthwash to group B. The plaque score was recorded with Turesky modification of the Quigley–Hein plaque index consecutively for 10 days. After 15 days of wash-out period, in phase 2 both groups were given the other mouthwash.
The plaque scores were compared and the difference between the HiOra and Listerine mouthwash was deter-mined using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. The differences between plaque scores were statistically insignificant (P>0.05). The results showed that HiOra and Listerine mouthwashes yielded comparable results in plaque reduction.
Herbal mouthwash was found to be a potent plaque inhibitor, yielding results comparable to those of Listerine mouthwash. These formulations may be more appealing because they do not contain alcohol, artificial preservatives, flavors or colors.