فهرست مطالب jalal hajizadeh

It is a challenging task to diagnose mycosis fungoides (MF), a type of primary cutaneous lymphoma, in the early stages of its development, due to the unspecific presentations associated with the disease. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry conduce to a more definite diagnosis. Presence of atypical T-cells in epidermis and upper dermis is the most significant pathologic finding. Herein, we present an 80-year-old lady with unusual generalized lesions resembling prurigo nodularis for 3 years, who was finally diagnosed as a case of MF with eosinophilic infiltrations in her lesions and serum eosinophilia.

Research and scientific explanation about discourse democracy theory of Jurgen Habermas  and studying and evaluating reflection and generalization of his philosophical and epistemological principles are objectives which the researcher follows in this research From this view, there is studied representation of concepts and categories such as cognitive interests, communication action, discoursing ethics, an ideal situation of the speech, and public sphere  as the most prominent components and principles of his democracy. These concepts were chosen and studied, because of their importance and situation of this topic in order to represent the logical relations between epistemology principles of Habermas and its resulted criteria and teaching with his democracy model. Therefore, it is tried that by searching thoughts and representing Habermas theoretical collection, there is clarified and identified democracy principles and criteria and its distinctive and theoretical components, besides analyzing discoursive Democracy model of Habermas and its capabilities in analytical–descriptive perspective and library studying. The researcher believes that the considered discourse democracy of Habermas has the deep philosophical roots, and it is considered as a part of knowledge foundation and a methodology focused on emancipation. He processes discursive Democracy  in a wide public sphere, by relying  to Ethics of Discourse, considering higher reasoning and by critical reading from modern rationality in the frame of communicative rationality concept, as which its objective and nature is a emancipation idea. Findings of this research show these political opinions and thoughts of Habermas have been resulted and affected from principles of his philosophical frame. Therefore, epistemological strong tracks of Habermas have been reflective in his appropriate democracy.

Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases. Prevalence of depression in patients with diabetes is higher than the general population and can affect the prognosis of diabetes and glycemic control. As physical and mental diseases could be influenced by each other، we planned this study to evaluate the relationship of depression and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this cross-sectional study، patients with type 2 diabetes referring to diabetic clinic of Kamkar Hospital of Qom، Iran، from March to June 2012 were evaluated. Blood samples were taken to measure fasting blood sugar (FBS) and HbA1c. Then، the patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory and the relationship of depression and glycemic control was studied. From 116 studied patients، 36 (31%) were men and others were women. 29. 3% did not have depression and 70. 7% were depressed. Also، 17. 6% of depressed patients and 35. 5% of non-depressed patients had FBS < 130 mg/dl (P = 0. 099) and 17. 1% of depressed patients and 17. 6% of non-depressed patients had HbA1c < 7% (P = 0. 940). Mean FBS was 190. 57 ± 70. 98 mg/dl in depressed patients and 179. 88 ± 66. 27 mg/dl in non-depressed patients (P = 0. 453). Mean HbA1c was 8. 64 ± 1. 63 percent in depressed and 8. 44 ± 1. 41 percent in non-depressed patients (P = 0. 530). Regarding the results of this study، it can be concluded that depression has no effect on glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes، especially in long-term period.

This paper aims to address the obstacles of accession of Turkey to the European Union (EU). For this the paper discusses some obstacles in the way of Turkey’s application to accede to the European Union that have caused delay in its membership in EU. The paper explains all the efforts that Turkey has made to achieve this goal, on one hand. On the other hand, considering all existing obstacles, it discusses why this goal has not achieved. According to the paper’s findings, Turkey faces ten structural as well as political obstacles including: the progress of Human rights, the development of real democracy, the rights of ethnic and religious minorities, as well as other important issues. It seems that this country is far beyond ideals of European Union and has a long way to go.

As democracy has a generative nature, there is continuing discussion and study about its principles, teachings, objectives and conceptual development. This article aims to study and provide a scientific explanation of Habermas’s theory of discourse democracy and evaluate his reflections. For this purpose, analyzing his deliberative democracy patterns, through an analytical-descriptive approach and by library research, authors of this study investigate into the theoretical components of his thoughts with the aim of clarifying his basic principles of democracy. In view of the researchers, the discourse democracy of Habermas is of profound philosophical roots which form part of the knowledge foundation with a methodology focused on Emancipation. Therefore, findings of this research show that the political opinions and thoughts of Habermas have their roots in his philosophical principles.

In the present article, the authors aim to study Karl Raymond Popper's theory of democracy and evaluate its philosophical and epistemological foundations. The importance of this discussion lies in showing the logical relation of and consistency between Popper's scientific-philosopher principles and doctrines inferred from them on the one hand and his model of democracy on the other. Thus, the authors try, employing a descriptive-analytic methodology, to describe and explain foundations and goals of democracy and its distinct theoretical components on the basis of Popper's theoretical suppositions. Finding of the present study show that Popper has ingeniously based his political epistemological understandings on his own scientific and philosophical principles, and extended their contents to cover democracy.