jalal zaringhalam moghadam

Inflammatory sympotoms such as edema and hyperalgesia were induced by some mediators like cytokines in response to irritant stimulus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hydroalcholic and chloroformic extracts of Salvia Candidissima on hyperalgesia and edema during adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Inflammation was induced by ingle sabcutaneous injection of CFA to rat hindpaw. Hydroalcholic and chloroformic extracts of Salvia Candidissima prepared from aerial part of plant and different dose of extracts (25, 50 and 100/kg) were administrated (i.p.) during the 7-day study. Indomethacin (5 mg/kg) used as positive control. Hyperalgesia and edema were assessed at 0, 3 and 7 days after artrithit induction by CFA by radiant heat and plethysomometer, respectively. The result showed that hydroalcholic and chloroformic extacts of Salvia Candidissima at dose of 50 mg/kg caused significant reduction in hyperalgesia and edema on days 3 and 7 as compared with the day zero, negative control and positive control (receiving indomethacin at dose of 5 mg/kg, daily) groups (p<0.001). It can be concluded that hydroalcholic and chloroformic extracts of Salvia Candidissima dose dependently reduce edema and hyperalgesia during CFA-induced inflammation.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an irregular response of immune system accompanied with different inflammatory manifestations including alterations in cytokines. Probiotics are non-pathogenic organisms with probable effects in various conditions such as inflammation. The present study hypothesized whether oral intake of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus in form of probiotic yogurt may represent an immunomodulatory effect in IBD patients. Overally, 210 patients in remission phase and 95 healthy people were recruited. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of either 250 grams of probiotic yogurt (PI) or 250 grams of plain yogurt (PC) daily for 8 weeks. The healthy control group (HG) also received probiotic yogurt as noted. The serum levels ofcytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10 and CRP levels were measured at baseline and at termination time. A significant difference was observed between intervention groups of PI and PC with HG group (p<0.05). After the intervention, serum levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and CRP were significantly decreased in PI group compared to their baseline values and intervention groups. The serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 increased significantly after the intervention compared to baseline values and PC levels (all p values<0.05). Intestinal homeostasis is a balance between pro and anti-inflammatory responses of intestinal immunocytes and could be maintained by probiotics.